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Sport is a multicomponent, complex system in which an athlete’s physical, technical, tactical, and psychophysiological readiness constitute an integral structure ensuring success in competitive activity. In the last decades, significant progress has been achieved in the knowledge of factors of sporting achievements. While earlier approaches were primarily concerned with the role of physical parameters and motor skills, recent studies have established that psychophysiological readiness – encompassing stress tolerance, self-regulation, and cognitive management – is equally significant for high-level performance.
A meta-analysis conducted by Kalén A. [1] investigates the role of cognitive functions in sports performance. The study examines domain-general and domain-specific cognitive skills, including working memory, attentional focus, and cognitive control. The authors conclude that an athlete’s achievement is not merely dependent on physical training and motor skills but also on cognitive features such as rapid decision-making, strategic thinking, and emotional state regulation. Significantly, athletes with highly advanced cognitive functions show greater performance on complex tactical tasks and under high psychophysiological stress.
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Different sports impose specific demands on an athlete’s psychophysiological characteristics. Therefore, temperament largely determines predisposition to certain disciplines, influencing concentration ability, stress resilience, and motivation levels (table 2) [15].
Table 2. The influence of temperament on predisposition to sports
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