Оглавление
Kristen A. Hite. Global Issues
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Global Issues. An Introduction
List of Plates
List of Figures, Maps, and Tables. Figures
Maps
Tables
Acknowledgements
Introduction. The Creation of Global Issues
Chapter 1 What is Development?
Developing Toward What?
Twentieth‐Century Approach: Development as Economic Growth
Twenty‐First‐Century Approach: Developing towards Sustainability
Wave of Hope: The Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015)
Sustainable Development Goals (2015–2030)
Development Assistance and Foreign Aid
Experiences with foreign aid: a personal account by John Seitz
Culture and Development
The Yanomami
Conclusion
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 2 Wealth and Poverty1
Can We Eradicate Poverty?
Mainstreaming Sustainable Development
A Pessimistic View: The Persistence of Poverty
Fighting poverty – can an individual do it?
Systematic Approaches
A Market Approach
The State as Economic Actor
A Blended Approach
Decentralized regulation: a catalyst fortechnological innovation?
Trade and Global Economic Interdependence
Global Interdependence
Positive aspects
Negative aspects
Geography and Wealth, Geography and Poverty
Conclusions
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 3 Population1
The Changing Population of the World
Covid‐19 and other pandemics: impacts on global populations
Shifting Demographics: Rural to Urban
Innovative sustainable cities19. Shenzhen, China
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Curitiba, Brazil
Causes of the Population Explosion
Demographic transitions: population and development
Sons preferred in India28
How Population Growth Affects Development
Rapid growth
Urban crime: a personal experience by John L. Seitz
Slow growth
An aging population and low birth rates
How Development Affects Population Growth
Factors lowering birth rates
International Conferences on Population
Governmental Population Policies. Managing growth
Mexico
Lowering fertility rates drastically in just 10–15 years – can it be done?
India
China
Promoting growth
Romania: a disastrous pro‐birth policy
The Future. The growth of the world’s population
The carrying capacity of the Earth
“Optimum” size of the Earth’s population
Population‐related challenges in our future
Conclusions
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 4 Food1
How Many Are Hungry?
World Food Production
Arable land
Climate
How Development Affects Food
United States: Industrial Agriculture and Farm Consolidation
Brazil: Becoming a Food Exporter by Expanding the Agricultural Frontier
China: Limited Land to Grow, Many Mouths to Feed
Rice: The World’s Most Popular Staple Crop
Feeding a Growing Population
The “Green” Revolution
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Energy
Irrigation
Biotechnology
Fishing and aquaculture
Traditional/sustainable/organic agriculture
Causes of World Hunger
How Food Affects Development
The type of food
The Mediterranean diet151
What’s your Footprint?
Food Waste and Food Loss
Mismanagement on an industrial farm: the case ofthe oversized carrots
The Future
Governmental Food Policies
Future Food Supplies
Conclusions
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 5 Energy1
The Relationship between Energy Use and Development
Nonrenewable Energy Sources
Oil
Global Oil Supplies and Price Shocks
Coal
China: Coal Titan
Natural Gas
The Energy Transition
Renewable Energy Sources
Solar Power
Wind
Hydroelectric Power
Wood, Agricultural/Forestry Residues, and Animal Dung
Geothermal Energy
Hydrogen‐Powered Fuel Cells
Energy and Development: Critical Challenges and Opportunities
National Approaches to Energy and Development
China
The United States
Western Europe
Japan
The Decoupling of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth
Conservation/Energy Efficiency
Nuclear Power: A Case Study
The potential and the peril
The choice
Withdraw support for nuclear power
Continue to support nuclear power
Conclusions
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 6 Climate Change
An Unprecedented Global Challenge
How Increased Temperatures Impact the Earth
Regional impacts
Africa
Asia
Low‐lying islands
Europe
Latin America
North America
Polar regions
Human interference with the climate system: assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Types of impacts. Monster storms
Extreme heat
Infectious diseases
Agriculture
Melting ice
Sea level rise
Disruption of natural ecosystems
How Bad Will It Get?
Planet at a crossroads: high stakes choices
Air pollution
Uncertainties. Abrupt climate change
Slower Atlantic currents
Clouds
Other positive and negative feedbacks
Global Agreement for a Global Problem
What More Can Be Done?
Reducing our carbon footprints
Conclusion
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 7 The Environment: Natural Resources1
The Awakening
Water
Land
Minerals
Deforestation
Governing the Commons
The Extinction of Species
The marvels of life on Earth
Responsible Use
Resource efficiency
Recycling
Substitution
Reducing needs
Conclusion
Recommended Readings
Notes
Chapter 8 The Environment: Pollution1
Air Pollution
Your “friendly” coal power plant
The world’s largest pollution cloud
Acid rain
Aggressiveness and delinquency linked to lead in bones
Ozone depletion
The depletion of the ozone layer: how to protect yourself
Climate change (global warming)
Water Pollution
The Workplace and the Home. Cancer
Chemicals
Pesticides
Managing Waste. Solid wastes
Toxic wastes
Governmental and industrial responses to the waste problem
Environmental Politics
Conclusion
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 9 Technology1
Benefits of Technology
Benefits of technology
Unanticipated Consequences of the Use of Technology
The case of the parachuting cats
DDT
Natural gas fracking: when innovation advances faster than regulation
Factory farms
Inappropriate Uses of Technology
Geoengineering the Climate: a case study by Liz Schmitt
Carbon removal strategies
Solar Radiation Management: Sunlight Reflective Technologies20
Limits to the “Technological Fix”
War
The Threat of Nuclear Weapons: A Case Study
The threat
New dangers
Nuclear proliferation
The cleanup
The threat of nuclear terrorism
Terrorism
Conclusions
Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 10 Alternative Futures1
Development Pathways: Evaluating Our Current Situation
Current Outlook: Business as Usual
Collapse and Sustainable Development
Choices
Improve production
Reduce demand
Governance: Deciding How to Act on the Choices We Make
Conclusion
Further Reading
Notes
Appendix 1 Studying and Teaching Global Issues. For the Student
What is Development?
Wealth and Poverty
Population
Food
Energy
Climate
The Environment
Technology
Alternative Futures
For the Teacher. The problem
A solution: perspectives from decades of teaching this course. by John L. Seitz
Teaching techniques
Student comments
Notes
Appendix 2 Relevant Videos
Glossary
Index
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