1 John

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L. Daniel Cantey. 1 John

1 John

Table of Contents

1 John 1:1–2

1 John 5:18–21

1 John 1:3–4

1 John 5:16–17

1 John 1:5–10

1 John 5:6–15

1 John 2:1–2

1 John 5:4b–5

1 John 2:3–6

1 John 5:1–4a and 2:7–11

1 John 4:16b–21

Epilogue

Appendix to the Academics

Select Consulted Works

Отрывок из книги

On Docetism and Resurrection

L. Daniel Cantey Jr.

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The hundred years after Innocent saw the decline of papal supremacy over the temporal sphere, a development ironically forwarded by the grand pope. When Innocent introduced prince Frederick II as the successor of Otto IV, the emperor whom he deposed in 1215, he unwittingly raised up an adversary who harassed the papacy until mid-century. As emperor, Frederick ruled a Sicilian government that operated with brilliant efficiency while setting his sights on subduing all Italy under his authority. Innocent, who died in 1216, would not have dreamed of allowing Frederick such power, and the popes who followed him shared the same aversion to the emperor. For the duration of Frederick’s reign they found themselves on the defensive side of political squabbles and military threats.

Aside from convening a council to condemn and depose Frederick in 1245, Pope Innocent IV used every means at his disposal to gain supporters from across Europe for his duel with the emperor. Spiritual claims and privileges were deployed to effect temporal ends, debasing the papacy in the minds of those it hoped to influence. The papacy was fighting for its political life and, in order to protect its position, had vigorously adopted the habits and attitudes of a temporal political establishment. The popes continued to argue for Rome’s supremacy, claiming that the papacy was imbued with both the sacerdotal and the royal powers of Christ, but their rhetoric was marred by the reality of an emperor determined to ignore papal assertions and annul Roman power.

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