Оглавление
Larry Howlett. Osmosis: The Molecular Theory
by. Larry D. Howlett
Preface
Osmosis
Chapter 1. Seed Storage Defined: Temperature, Relative Humidity and Vapor Pressure. Abstract
Introduction
Seed Data
Thermodynamics of Moist Air
Moisture Vapor Pressure Model
Hermetic Seed Storage
Hermetic Seed Storage Macro Model
Hermetic Seed Storage Vapor Pressure
Seed Storage Envelope
References
Chapter 2. The Theory of Osmosis
Abstract
Introduction
Nomenclature
Subscripts
Greek symbols
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Discussion of Literature. Ostwald
Townend
Weiss
Thermodynamic Analysis
Moisture Transfer Through Membranes
Man-Made Membranes
Capillary Theory
Osmosis Experimental Data
Osmosis
Osmotic Pressure
Osmosis Experiment (Multiple Flow Mechanisms)
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Thermodynamics of Osmosis. Introduction
Thermodynamics
Osmosis Experiment
Summary
Previous Works
Nomenclature
References
Chapter 4. Characteristics of Liquid at an Interface
Abstract
Introduction
Nomenclature
Characteristics of Gases
Characteristics of Liquids
Background
Overview of Model
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Overview Vapor in Liquid
Published Data
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Molecular Theory of Solids, Liquids and Vapor. Abstract
Nomenclature
Introduction
Vapor Pressure and Molecular Models History
General Background
Proposed Molecular Model
Solution Method Details
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Отрывок из книги
The Molecular Theory
We noticed a control system problem and corrected it by using temperature and vapor pressure as control variables. The measured temperature and relative humidity were used to calculate the moisture vapor pressure using a simple algorithm.
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For moist air with the gas constant determined from the mixture of gases, three thermodynamic variables are required to determine any other thermodynamic property. Typical and readily measured independent values are Pressure, Temperature, and relative humidity. Some of the unique dependent thermodynamic variables for moist air are humidity ratio, enthalpy, density, and vapor pressure. Note that vapor pressure refers to the pressure of the moisture vapor in the air.
We select vapor pressure as an important property of moist air since it is useful for many engineering applications. A psychrometric chart for atmospheric air that includes vapor pressure is shown in figure 3. At normal pressure, there is a unique relation between temperature, relative humidity, and moisture vapor pressure of air. The dependent thermodynamic properties of moist air are relatively insensitive to small changes in atmospheric pressure.
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