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Laura Carbonell. GuíaBurros: Spanish Grammar Cheat Sheet
About the author
With thanks
Introduction
Spanish Grammar Cheat Sheet. Basic grammatical terms. Términos gramaticales básicos
Pronunciation (pronunciación)
Articles (Artículos)
Articles and adjectives (Artículos y adjetivos)
Demonstrative pronouns (Pronombres demostrativos)
Possessive adjectives and pronouns (Adjetivos y pronombres posesivos)
Verbs: Present tense regular (Verbos regulares, Presente)
Usted and Tú
Important regular verbs
Personal “A”
Contractions (Contracciones)
Verb Gustar
Verbs that are conjugated like gustar
Questions, affirmative and negative answers (Preguntas y respuestas)
Stem changing verbs (Verbos que cambian la raíz)
Super irregular verbs (Verbos super irregulares)
Adverbs of frequency (Adverbios de frecuencia)
Transition words (Expresiones de transición)
Reflexive verbs (Verbos reflexivos)
Reciprocal verbs (Verbos recíprocos)
Use of Hace: How long ago have you...?
Immediate future: Ir a: to be going to
Impersonal “SE”
Ser and Estar: To be
Estar with Present progressive (Forma continua)
Gerund: –ing (Gerundio)
Estar for the Present progressive with a reflexive verb
Estar + Past participle
Past participle (Participio pasado)
Ser: To be
Past tense (Pretérito)
Uses of the Past tense: Preterite (Uso del Pretérito indefinido)
Hace: Ago
Past tense of Gustar
Most common irregular verbs
Verbs with vowel change in the preterite
Past imperfect (Pretérito imperfecto)
Change of meaning of preterite and imperfect
Comparatives (Comparativos)
Progressive form (Forma continua)
Future and Conditional tenses (Futuro y Condicional)
Compound tenses (Tiempos compuestos)
Present / Past perfect (Presente/Pretérito perfecto)
Past pluperfect (Pretérito pluscuamperfecto)
Past perfect anterior (Pretérito perfecto anterior)
Compound future/Future perfect (Futuro compuesto/Futuro perfecto)
Compound / Perfect conditional (Condicional compuesto/perfecto)
Command form (Imperativo)
Negative Commands (Imperativo negativo)
Irregular negative command verbs (Verbos irregulares del imperativo negativo)
Direct and indirect object pronouns: DOP-IOP (Pronombres de objeto directo e indirecto)
Indirect and direct object pronouns used together: IOP/DOP
Por and Para
POR
PARA
The subjunctive mood (el modo subjuntivo)
Indicative
Imperfect subjunctive (Imperfecto de subjuntivo)
Pluperfect subjunctive (Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo)
Present perfect subjunctive + Past participle (Presente o Pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)
Four “IF” conditional sentences
Saber and Conocer
SABER
CONOCER
The weather: Impersonal verbs
Prepositions (Preposiciones)
Отрывок из книги
Laura Carbonell, born in Pennsylvania and raised in Madrid, attended King´s College (Madrid), Hopewell High School (Pittsburgh, Pa.), and the University of Pittsburgh. She has taught at Marshall Institute (Madrid), Casa Hispana, French-American School, the University of San Francisco, and is currently a full-time teacher at Crystal Springs Uplands School, all in San Francisco, California.
To my friend Violeta Gutiérrez-Therre, for her unwavering support.
.....
To my World Language Department colleagues, for their encouragement.
To Lucrecia Nieves and Nuria Bauer, for being my backbone always.
.....
