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Главная Авторы Laura Pountney Introducing Anthropology

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Introducing Anthropology

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Страница 1 CONTENTS List of Illustrations Guide Pages Dedication INTRODUCING ANTHROPOLOGY WHAT MAKES US HUMAN? Страница 9 Acknowledgements CHAPTER 1 What Makes Us Human? Contents Key issues and debates How Did Humans Evolve? Explanations of human evolution Creationism and evolution Scientific explanations of human origins After Darwin Early humans Australopithecus afarensis : Lucy Homo neanderthalensis Homo floresiensis Homo denisova ACTIVITY Climate change, human evolution and the Anthropocene ACTIVITY Where did modern humans originate from? Similarities and differences between humans and nonhuman primates ACTIVITY All hominins and African apes lack external tails All humans and African apes have opposable thumbs ACTIVITY Sexual dimorphism Diet and internal organs Competitiveness, hierarchy and aggression Social relations ACTIVITY Tool-use Bipedalism Human pelvis shape and size are different from those of other primates ACTIVITY Hairless bodies and sweating The brain Females live beyond the menopause Cultural Evolution Cooking ACTIVITY Language Symbols Recording information: The origins of written language Social life Sharing resources, exchange Rituals Expressing identity ACTIVITY ACTIVITY How Do Humans Vary? The Concept of Race and a Critique of the Concept Biological differences between humans ACTIVITY Culturally constructed concepts of race American Association of Physical Anthropologists’ (AAPA) Statement on Race and Racism (2019) Conclusion End-of-chapter questions Key terms PERSONAL INVESTIGATION Suggested further sources Books Ethnographic films Websites CHAPTER 2 Research Methods Contents Key issues and debates Ethnography ACTIVITY The history of anthropological research methods A founder of ethnographic fieldwork Factors influencing choice of research method Practical issues Ethical issues Theoretical issues ACTIVITY Gangsters without Borders: An Ethnography of a Salvadoran Street Gang (Ward 2012) ACTIVITY Participant observation Getting in Staying in Getting out An evaluation of participant observation (PO) ACTIVITY Interviews Unstructured interviews Life histories ACTIVITY Reflexivity in anthropology An African ethnography of American anthropology (Mwenda Ntarangwi) Interview with Brian Morris (2015) Garry Marvin’s testimony (2015) ACTIVITY Digital Anthropology Interview with Sarah Pink (2020) Interview with Crystal Abidin (2020) Conclusion End-of-chapter questions Key terms PERSONAL INVESTIGATION Guidelines for observation Suggested further sources Books and articles Ethnographic film Websites CHAPTER 3 The Body Contents Key issues and debates STOP & THINK Body Modifications and Decorations Body modifications Foot-binding Lip plates Scarification Body modification in Western societies Difference between plastic and cosmetic surgeries Cosmetic surgery in Brazil (Alexander Edmonds) ACTIVITY ACTIVITY Tattooing Globalization: Tattoos and tattooing Skin colour bias Keeping up with the times (Gideon Lasco) ACTIVITY Body Types Body image in Fiji Training the body in sport Ideal male body type, size: Symbolic power Sexy bodies Body Games: Capoeira and Ancestry (dir. Richard Pakleppa, Matthias Röhrig Assunção, Christine Dettmann, 2013) Anthropological Theories of the Body Biological model – naturalistic approach Symbolic Classification and the Body: The Body and Society Handedness ACTIVITY Body techniques Habitus The ‘social skin’ Cleanliness Hair Body-painting as ‘social skin’ Pierced ears, ear plugs, lip plates The Guest (dir. Kira de Hemmer Jeppesen, 2012) This Is My Face (dir. Angélica Cabezas Pino, 2018) Globalization: The body Female genital cutting in Ghana (Saida Hodžić) Conclusion End-of-chapter questions Key terms PERSONAL INVESTIGATION Suggested further sources Books and articles Ethnographic films Websites {buyButton}

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