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Lewis Spence. The Ancient Mythology: Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Greek and Roman Myths
The Ancient Mythology: Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Greek and Roman Myths
Table of Contents
MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF BABYLONIA & ASSYRIA
CHAPTER I: BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA IN HISTORY AND LEGEND
The Akkadians
The Semite Conquerors
A Babylonian Conqueror
The First Library in Babylonia
Gudea
Khammurabi the Great
A Court Murder
Tiglath-Pileser
Semiramis the Great
The Second Assyrian Empire
Sardanapalus the Splendid
The First Great Library
The Last Kings of Assyria
Nebuchadrezzar
The Last of the Babylonian Kings
The History of Berossus
Berossus' Account of the Deluge
Analogies with the Flood Myth
Babylonian Archæology
The Tower of Babel
Nimrod, the Mighty Hunter
Abram and Nimrod
A Persian Version
The 'Babylonica'
Cuneiform Writing
Grotefend
Rawlinson
Origin of Cuneiform
The Sacred Literature of Babylonia
Hymn to Adar
CHAPTER II: BABYLONIAN COSMOGONY
The Babylonian Myth of Creation
The Birth of the Gods
A Darksome Trinity
Type of Babylonian Cosmology
Connexion with the Jonah Legend
CHAPTER III: EARLY BABYLONIAN RELIGION
The Beginnings of Babylonian Religion
Spirits and Gods
Was Babylonian Religion Semitic in Type?
Totemism in Babylonian Religion
The Great Gods
Bel
Bel and the Dragon
Beltis
The Temple of Bel
Nergal
Dibarra
Shamash
Ea
The Writings of Oannes
The Story of Adapa and the South Wind
Anu
Ishtar
The Descent of Ishtar into Hades
Tammuz and Ishtar
At the Gates of Aralu
Ishtar and Persephone
Lamentations for Tammuz
An Allegorical Interpretation of the Myth
Ishtar, Tammuz, and Vegetation
Ishtar and Esther
Lang on the Esther Story
Nin-Girsu
Bau
Nannar
Nannar in Decay
Aralu, or Eres-ki-Gal
Dagon
Nirig, or Enu-Restu
CHAPTER IV: THE GILGAMESH EPIC
The Birth of Gilgamesh
Eabani
Gilgamesh as Tyrant
The Beguiling of Eabani
Gilgamesh meets Eabani
The Monster Khumbaba
Ishtar's Love for Gilgamesh
The Bull of Anu
The Death of Eabani
The Quest of Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh and Ut-Napishtim
The Deluge Myth
The Babylonian Ark
The Bird Messengers
CHAPTER V: THE LATER PANTHEON OF BABYLONIA
Nebo
Nebo as Grain-God
Tashmit
Shamash and Khammurabi
Hadad
Hadad, Dáda, David, and Dido
Ea in Later Times
Zu
The Legend of Zu
Bel
The Triad of Earth, Air, and Sea
Dawkina
Anu
CHAPTER VI: THE GREAT GOD MERODACH AND HIS CULT
A New-Year's Ceremony
CHAPTER VII: THE PANTHEON OF ASSYRIA
Asshur
The Secret of Assyrian Greatness
Asshur as Conqueror
Ishtar in Assyria
Ishtar as a War-Goddess
Ninib as an Assyrian War-God
Ninib as Hunter-God
Dagan
Anu
Ramman
Shamash
Sin in the Northern Land
Nusku of the Brilliant Sceptre
Bel-Merodach
Prisoner-Gods
The Assyrian Bel and Belit
Nabu and Merodach
Ea
Dibbarra
Lesser Gods
CHAPTER VIII: BABYLONIAN STAR-WORSHIP
Legend of the Origin of Star-Worship and Idolatry
Speculations of the Chaldeans
Planets identified with Gods
CHAPTER IX: THE PRIESTHOOD, CULT, AND TEMPLES
Sacrifices
The Temples of Babylonia and Assyria
The Great Temple-Builders
The Temple of E-Kur
The Brilliant House
Ur, the Moon-City
The Twin Temples
Temples as Banks
Feasts and Festivals
The Chamber of Fates
Lamentation Rituals
The Terror of Eclipse
CHAPTER X: THE MAGIC AND DEMONOLOGY OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA
The Roots of Science
Priestly Wizards
A Toothache Myth
The Word of Power
Babylonian Vampires
The Bible and Magic
The Speaking Head
Gods once Demons
The Legend of Ura
Purification
The Chamber of the Priest-Magician
The Witch-Finding
The Magic Circle
Babylonian Demons
Taboo
Popular Superstitions
Omens
The Ritual of Hepatoscopy
The Missing Caravan
CHAPTER XI: THE MYTHOLOGICAL MONSTERS AND ANIMALS OF CHALDEA
Winged Bulls
The Dog in Babylonia
A Dog Legend
Gazelle and Goat Gods
The Goat Cult
The Invasion of the Monsters
The Eagle
CHAPTER XII: TALES OF THE BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN KINGS
Poet or Braggart?
The Autobiography of Assur-bani-pal
Dream of Gyges
Assur-bani-pal as Architect
A 'Likeable' Monarch
The Fatal Eclipse
A Royal 'Day'
CHAPTER XIII: THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF THE BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN RELIGIONS
Semitic Conservatism
Teutonic and Celtic Comparisons
Babylonian Religion Typically Animistic
A Mother-Goddess Theory
Babylonian Influence on Jewish Religion
Babylonian Influence upon the other Semites
The Canaanites
The Gods of the Phœnicians
The Carthaginian Religion
The Religion of Zoroaster
Babylonian Ethics
CHAPTER XIV: MODERN EXCAVATION IN BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA
Sir Henry Layard
Where Rawlinson Slept
George Smith
The Palace of Nimrûd
Hormuzd Rassam
De Sarzec
The American Expedition of 1889
The Business Quarter of Nippur
The Fourth Campaign
Hilprecht Returns
The House of the Dead
The Temple Library
A Babylonian Museum
Haynes' Work at Nippur
Recent Research
The Babylon of Nebuchadrezzar II
The Outer Wall
Bâbil as a Citadel
Babylon's Water-Supply
Nebuchadrezzar's Palace
The Palace without Windows
The Great Throne Room
The Drainage System
The Hanging Gardens
The Great Gate of Ishtar
The Street of Processions
The Temples of Babylon
E-Sagila
The Great Tower of Nabu (E-Zida)
The Euphrates Bridge
The Elder Babylon
Town-Planning
CHAPTER XV: THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS
The Conquering Cyrus
A Great Lesson
THE PRONUNCIATION OF ASSYRIAN
MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF ANCIENT EGYPT MYTHOLOGY
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTORY
Local Gods
Animism
Fetishism and Totemism
Creation Myths
The 'Companies' of the Gods
The Egyptian Idea of God
Deities of the Pyramid Texts
Early Burials
The Pyramid
Pyramidal Architecture
'Lost' Pyramids
Mummification
Funeral Offerings
The Ka
The Ba
CHAPTER II: EXPLORATION, HISTORY, AND CUSTOMS
The Nile Valley
Racial Origin
Egyptian Exploration
Early Researches
Town Planning
Palaces and Mansions
Life and Law in Ancient Egypt
Commerce
Agriculture
Legal Code
Science
The Peasantry
Costume
CHAPTER III: THE PRIESTHOOD: MYSTERIES AND TEMPLES
The Priesthood
The College of Thebes
Mysteries
The Greek Mysteries
The Egyptian Temple
The Holy Place
CHAPTER IV: THE CULT OF OSIRIS
Osiris
The Myth of Osiris
Set, the Enemy
The Tamarisk-tree
The Grief of Isis
The Vengeance of Horus
Sir J.G. Frazer on Osiris
Primitive Conceptions of the Moon
Osiris and the Persephone Myth
A New Osirian Theory
Isis
Isis as the Wind
Manifold Attributes of Isis
Horus
The Dream of Thothmes
Heru-Behudeti
The Myth of the Winged Disk
The Slaughter of the Monsters
Other Horus Legends
The Black Hog
Nephthys
Set
Set and the Ass
Anubis
Thoth
Thoth as Soul-Recorder
Maāt
The Book of the Dead
A 'Discovery' 3400 Years Old
The Three Recensions
The Place of Reeds
The Journey of Osiris
The Place of Punishment
The Egyptian Heaven
How the Blessed Lived
CHAPTER V: THE GREAT GODS
Ra, the Sun-God
Rat
Fusion of Myths
Ra and Osiris
The Sacred Beetle
Amen
Amen's Rise to Power
The Oracle of Jupiter-Ammon
Mut the Mother
The Seker-boat
Sekhmet
The Seven Wise Ones
Bast
The Festival of Bast
Nefer-Tem
I-em-hetep
Khnemu
The Legend of the Nile's Source
Satet
Anqet
Aten
A Religion of One God
A Social Revolt
Aten's Attributes
A Hymn to Aten
Hathor
Hathor as Love-Goddess
The Slaying of Men
The Forms of Hathor
Hapi, the God of the Nile
Counterparts of Hapi
Nut
Taurt
Hekt
Khonsu
Minor Deities
CHAPTER VI: EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
Egyptian Language and Writing
The Hieroglyphs
Literature
The Cat and the Jackal
Travellers' Tales
The Story of Saneha
The Shipwrecked Sailor
The Fable of the Head and the Stomach
The Rebuking of Amasis
Tales of Magic
The Parting of the Waters
The Prophecy of Dedi
The Visit of the Goddesses
Lyric and Folk Poetry
The True History of Setne and his son Se-Osiris7
Se-Osiris
A Vision of Amenti
The Reading of the Sealed Letter
The Contents of the Letter
Magic versus Magic
The War of Enchantments
How Setnau Triumphed over the Assyrians
The Peasant and the Workman
Story of the Two Brothers
The Treachery of Bitou's Wife
The Doomed Prince
The Visit of Ounamounou to the Coasts of Egypt
The Story of Rhampsinites
Civil War in Egypt: The Theft of the Cuirass
The Horrors of War
Succour for Pakrourou
The Shield Regained
The Birth of Hatshepsut
How Thoutii took the Town of Joppa
The Stratagem
CHAPTER VII: MAGIC
Antiquity of Egyptian Magic
The Wandering Spirit
Coercing the Gods
Names of Power
'Right Speaking'
A Magical Conspiracy
Amulets
Spells
The Gibberish of Magic
The Tale of Setne
A Game of Draughts with the Dead
Medical Magic
Alchemy
Animal Transformation
Dreams
Mummy Magic
CHAPTER VIII: FOREIGN AND ANIMAL GODS: THE LATE PERIOD
Foreign Deities
Asiatic Gods
Ashtoreth
Semitic and African Influence
Sacred Animals
Apis
The Apis Oracle
The Crocodile
The Lion
The Lion Guardian
The Cat
The Dog
The Hippopotamus
Other Animals
The Ibis
Sacred Trees
The Lotus
Religion of the Late Period
A Religious Reaction
The Worship of Animals
Religion under Persian Rule
The Ptolemaic Period
Fusion of Greek and Egyptian Ideas
The Legend of Sarapis
An Architectural Renaissance
Change in the Conception of the Underworld
Twilight of the Gods
CHAPTER IX: EGYPTIAN ART
The Materials of Painting
New Empire Art
Egyptian Art Influences
Artistic Remains
Egyptian Colour-harmonies
The Great Simplicity of Egyptian Art
MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME
PART I. MYTHS
INTRODUCTION
ORIGIN OF THE WORLD.—FIRST DYNASTY
URANUS AND GÆA. (Cœlus and Terra.)
SECOND DYNASTY
CRONUS (Saturn)
RHEA (Ops)
DIVISION OF THE WORLD
THEORIES AS TO THE ORIGIN OF MAN
THIRD DYNASTY—OLYMPIAN DIVINITIES
ZEUS11 (Jupiter)
HERA (Juno)
PALLAS-ATHENE (Minerva)
THEMIS
HESTIA (Vesta)
DEMETER (Ceres)
APHRODITE (Venus)
HELIOS (Sol)
EOS (Aurora)
PHŒBUS-APOLLO
HECATE
SELENE (Luna)
ARTEMIS (Diana)
HEPHÆSTUS (Vulcan)
POSEIDON (Neptune)
SEA DIVINITIES
OCEANUS
NEREUS
PROTEUS
TRITON and the TRITONS
GLAUCUS
THETIS
THAUMAS, PHORCYS, and CETO
LEUCOTHEA
THE SIRENS
ARES (Mars)
NIKE (Victoria)
HERMES (Mercury)
DIONYSUS (Bacchus)
AÏDES (Pluto)
PLUTUS
MINOR DIVINITIES
THE HARPIES
ERINYES, EUMENIDES (Furiæ, Diræ)
MOIRÆ or FATES (Parcæ)
NEMESIS
NIGHT AND HER CHILDREN. DEATH, SLEEP, AND DREAMS
NYX (Nox)
THANATOS (Mors) AND HYPNUS (Somnus)
MORPHEUS
THE GORGONS
GRÆÆ
SPHINX
TYCHE (Fortuna) AND ANANKE (Necessitas)
KER
ATE
MOMUS
EROS (Cupid, Amor) AND PSYCHE
HYMEN
IRIS (The Rainbow)
HEBE (Juventas)
GANYMEDES
THE MUSES
PEGASUS
THE HESPERIDES
CHARITES (Gratiæ) GRACES
HORÆ (Seasons)
THE NYMPHS
WATER NYMPHS
DRYADES, OR TREE NYMPHS
NYMPHS OF THE VALLEYS AND MOUNTAINS
THE WINDS
PAN (Faunus)
THE SATYRS
PRIAPUS
ASCLEPIAS (Æsculapius)
ROMAN DIVINITIES
JANUS
FLORA
ROBIGUS
POMONA
VERTUMNUS
PALES
PICUS
PICUMNUS AND PILUMNUS
SILVANUS
TERMINUS
CONSUS
LIBITINA
LAVERNA
COMUS
THE CAMENÆ
GENII
MANES
PENATES
PUBLIC WORSHIP OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS
TEMPLES
STATUES
ALTARS
PRIESTS
SACRIFICES
ORACLES
SOOTHSAYERS (Augurs)
FESTIVALS
GREEK FESTIVALS
ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES
THESMOPHORIA
DIONYSIA
PANATHENÆA
DAPHNEPHORIA
ROMAN FESTIVALS
SATURNALIA
CEREALIA
VESTALIA
PART II. LEGENDS
CADMUS
PERSEUS
ION
DÆDALUS and ICARUS
THE ARGONAUTS
STORY OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE
PELOPS
HERACLES (Hercules)
BELLEROPHON
THESEUS
ŒDIPUS
THE SEVEN AGAINST THEBES
THE EPIGONI
ALCMÆON AND THE NECKLACE
THE HERACLIDÆ
THE SIEGE OF TROY
RETURN OF THE GREEKS FROM TROY
PRONOUNCING INDEX
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