Ants
Описание книги
Ants should provide both the amateur naturalist and the professional zoologist with a valuable source of reference, and a fascinating account of the lives of an intriguing group of insects.Ants have always exercised a fascination that extends beyond the world of biology. They have attracted the attention of poets and dramatists, and also of those philosophers and political theorists who have envied their apparent industry and rigid and complex communal organisation. The social life of ants is indeed extraordinary. It forms the basis of their entire lives; an ant on its own has no chance of survival. Ants are the only group of insects in which there are no solitary species at all.In this book Dr Brian, the country's leading authority on ants, brings together the results of recent research (much of it his own) into the zoology, ecology and social life of the group. Dr Brian begins by discussing the relationship of ants to other insects, their anatomy and physiology, and then turns to the different species of British ant (with an identification key), feeding, including aphid 'farming' and the specialised role of the workers in acting as travelling food containers for the nest itself, the rearing of the young and the different caste systems (including the life history of the queen), the ecological significance of ants, and the role they play in the lives of other animals. Particular attention is paid to the importance of communication in the ant society, and there is a complete section of distribution maps – one for each of the 47 British Species – compiled according to the latest available data. There are 16 plates of black and white photographs and two colour plates of ant species specially painted for this volume by Gordon Riley.This book should provide both the amateur naturalist and the professional zoologist with a valuable source of reference, and a fascinating account of the lives of an intriguing group of insects.
Оглавление
M. V. Brian. Ants
COPYRIGHT
CONTENTS
COLOUR PLATES
PLATES
EDITORS’ PREFACE
AUTHOR’S PREFACE
CHAPTER 1. ANTS AS INSECTS
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY
EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL LIFE
CHAPTER 2. ANT STRUCTURE
EXTERNAL FEATURES
INTERNAL FEATURES
LARVAL STRUCTURE
CHAPTER 3. TYPES OF BRITISH ANT. IDENTIFICATION
CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION
SPECIES RICHNESS
CHAPTER 4. FEEDING
PREDATION AND SCAVENGING
SEED EATING
NECTAR AND HONEYDEW
ORGANIZATION OF FORAGING
The recruitment of help
Group transport
FORAGING AND MICROCLIMATE
CHAPTER 5. NESTING. THE CONSTRUCTION OF NESTS
THE MICROCLIMATE OF NESTS
NEST DEFENCE. Colony individuality
Methods of alerting nest mates
Methods of defence
TERRITORY OUTSIDE THE NEST
CHAPTER 6. NUMBERS AND SURVIVAL. WORKERS
QUEENS
WINGED SEXUALS
PRODUCTION
NUPTIAL FLIGHTS
CHAPTER 7. BROOD REARING
THE LIFE HISTORY
FEEDING THE LARVAE AND CARING FOR BROOD
RECOGNITION OF LARVAE
CASTE CONTROL
MALE PRODUCTION
NEST STRUCTURE AND BROOD REARING
THE ANNUAL BROOD CYCLE
CHAPTER 8. ANT COMMUNITIES
HEATH IN WEST SCOTLAND
LOWLAND HEATH AND GRASSLAND IN ENGLAND
WOODLANDS
GARDENS
BUILDINGS
CHAPTER 9. ANTS AND OTHER ANIMALS
PREDATORS
a. Sexuals
b. Workers
c. Brood
PARASITES
COMMENSALS
SOCIAL PARASITES
ANTING
ANTS AND MEN
CHAPTER 10. CULTURE METHODS
THE FORAGING AREA
THE NESTING AREA
COLLECTION
SOME SUGGESTED DESIGNS
PICTURE SECTION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX