Ants

Ants
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Ants should provide both the amateur naturalist and the professional zoologist with a valuable source of reference, and a fascinating account of the lives of an intriguing group of insects.Ants have always exercised a fascination that extends beyond the world of biology. They have attracted the attention of poets and dramatists, and also of those philosophers and political theorists who have envied their apparent industry and rigid and complex communal organisation. The social life of ants is indeed extraordinary. It forms the basis of their entire lives; an ant on its own has no chance of survival. Ants are the only group of insects in which there are no solitary species at all.In this book Dr Brian, the country's leading authority on ants, brings together the results of recent research (much of it his own) into the zoology, ecology and social life of the group. Dr Brian begins by discussing the relationship of ants to other insects, their anatomy and physiology, and then turns to the different species of British ant (with an identification key), feeding, including aphid 'farming' and the specialised role of the workers in acting as travelling food containers for the nest itself, the rearing of the young and the different caste systems (including the life history of the queen), the ecological significance of ants, and the role they play in the lives of other animals. Particular attention is paid to the importance of communication in the ant society, and there is a complete section of distribution maps – one for each of the 47 British Species – compiled according to the latest available data. There are 16 plates of black and white photographs and two colour plates of ant species specially painted for this volume by Gordon Riley.This book should provide both the amateur naturalist and the professional zoologist with a valuable source of reference, and a fascinating account of the lives of an intriguing group of insects.

Оглавление

M. V. Brian. Ants

COPYRIGHT

CONTENTS

COLOUR PLATES

PLATES

EDITORS’ PREFACE

AUTHOR’S PREFACE

CHAPTER 1. ANTS AS INSECTS

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY

EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL LIFE

CHAPTER 2. ANT STRUCTURE

EXTERNAL FEATURES

INTERNAL FEATURES

LARVAL STRUCTURE

CHAPTER 3. TYPES OF BRITISH ANT. IDENTIFICATION

CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION

SPECIES RICHNESS

CHAPTER 4. FEEDING

PREDATION AND SCAVENGING

SEED EATING

NECTAR AND HONEYDEW

ORGANIZATION OF FORAGING

The recruitment of help

Group transport

FORAGING AND MICROCLIMATE

CHAPTER 5. NESTING. THE CONSTRUCTION OF NESTS

THE MICROCLIMATE OF NESTS

NEST DEFENCE. Colony individuality

Methods of alerting nest mates

Methods of defence

TERRITORY OUTSIDE THE NEST

CHAPTER 6. NUMBERS AND SURVIVAL. WORKERS

QUEENS

WINGED SEXUALS

PRODUCTION

NUPTIAL FLIGHTS

CHAPTER 7. BROOD REARING

THE LIFE HISTORY

FEEDING THE LARVAE AND CARING FOR BROOD

RECOGNITION OF LARVAE

CASTE CONTROL

MALE PRODUCTION

NEST STRUCTURE AND BROOD REARING

THE ANNUAL BROOD CYCLE

CHAPTER 8. ANT COMMUNITIES

HEATH IN WEST SCOTLAND

LOWLAND HEATH AND GRASSLAND IN ENGLAND

WOODLANDS

GARDENS

BUILDINGS

CHAPTER 9. ANTS AND OTHER ANIMALS

PREDATORS

a. Sexuals

b. Workers

c. Brood

PARASITES

COMMENSALS

SOCIAL PARASITES

ANTING

ANTS AND MEN

CHAPTER 10. CULTURE METHODS

THE FORAGING AREA

THE NESTING AREA

COLLECTION

SOME SUGGESTED DESIGNS

PICTURE SECTION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

Отрывок из книги

John Gilmour M.A. V.M.H.

Margaret Davies D.Sc.

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DISTRIBUTION MAPS

INDEX

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