Innovation and Export

Innovation and Export
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The concepts of innovation and export are traditionally considered in isolation, both within companies and within the support organizations dedicated to them. As a result, within this broad research field, very little academic work has focused on how to implement their relationship at an operational level. This book proposes a joint diagnostic tool for SMEs, highlighting good practices to be mastered in order to simultaneously improve innovation and export performance, in the form of a virtuous circle. Innovation and Export focuses on the integration of innovation and export into the strategic management of SMEs, for which the use of synergies is a powerful lever to overcome any difficulties in mobilizing significant resources.

Оглавление

Manon Enjolras. Innovation and Export

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Guide

Pages

Innovation and Export. The Joint Challenge of the Small Company

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1. The Innovation–Export Relationship: A Complex Vision

1.1. The innovation–export link: a controversial debate. 1.1.1. In the industrial world: a compartmentalized vision

1.1.2. In the academic world: a causalist vision questioned. 1.1.2.1. Self-selection or learning-by-exporting?

1.1.2.2. A two-way relationship: towards a virtuous circle

1.1.2.3. Complementarity: an alternative way out of the causalist paradigm?

1.2. Towards a paradigm shift

1.2.1. Moving from analytical thinking to complex thinking. 1.2.1.1. The strength of systems theory

1.2.1.2. A systemic rationalism opposition

1.2.1.3. A key concept: complexity

1.2.2. Theoretical framework: articulation of mobilized theories

1.2.2.1. The theory of industrial organization: the SCP model

1.2.2.2. The relationship between the structure and conduct: contingency theory

1.2.2.3. Acting on the conduct of SMEs: a vision in terms of resources and activities

1.2.2.4. The notion of performance for innovative and exporting SMEs

1.2.2.5. The articulation of different theories: the SCP model revisited

1.2.3. The application of the complexity paradigm to SME innovation and export activities

1.2.3.1. Towards the creation of a common innovation–export space

1.2.3.2. What does this paradigm contribute to SMEs?

2. Joint Innovation–Export Best Practices

2.1. The construction of a theoretical frame of reference

2.1.1. Identifying innovation practices: the potential innovation index (PII)

2.1.2. Identification of export practices

2.1.3. Towards a joint reference system

2.1.3.1. The analysis of similarities

2.1.3.2. Spatialization of data

2.1.3.3. Towards the identification of joint activities

2.2. What about the field?

2.2.1. Presentation of the consulted companies and method

2.2.2. Highlighting synergies. 2.2.2.1. The strategy

2.2.2.2. Management of the network

2.2.2.3. Knowledge management and organization of internal processes

2.2.2.4. Client management and information gathering

2.2.2.5. Corporate culture and openness

2.2.2.6. The specific issue of intellectual property management

2.2.3. Discussions

3. Design of a Joint Diagnosis Dedicated to SMEs: The PE2I

3.1. The methodological framework

3.1.1. The methodological background

3.1.2. The methodological tools used

3.1.2.1. Maturity grids

3.1.2.2. Multi-criteria analysis methods

3.1.3. PII and PEI as a basis for development

3.2. The construction of the PE2I

3.2.1. Step 1: create a maturity profile

3.2.2. Step 2: weighting and characterization of the evaluation model using multi-criteria analysis tools

3.2.2.1. The weighting of activities

3.2.2.2. The calculation of a global index and the sorting process

3.2.3. Step 3: identify customized improvement paths

4. Implementation of the PE2I: Test with French SMEs

4.1. Experimental panel and methodology

4.1.1. Presentation of the panel

4.1.2. The conduct of the interviews

4.2. Presentation of results and observations

4.2.1. Case 1: company 1

4.2.1.1. The company’s profile

4.2.1.2. The chosen improvement scenario(s): the export-oriented scenario and the joint scenario. 4.2.1.2.1. The scenario favoring export

4.2.1.2.2. The joint improvement scenario

4.2.1.3. The observations

4.2.2. Case 2: company 2

4.2.2.1. The company’s profile

4.2.2.2. The chosen improvement scenario(s): the scenario favoring export

4.2.2.3. The observations

4.2.3. Case 3: company 3

4.2.3.1. The company’s profile

4.2.3.2. The chosen improvement scenario(s): the scenario favoring export

4.2.3.3. The observations

4.2.4. Case 4: company 4

4.2.4.1. The company’s profile

4.2.4.2. The chosen improvement scenario(s): the scenario favoring innovation

4.2.4.3. The observations

4.2.5. Case 5: company 5

4.2.5.1. The company’s profile

4.2.5.2. The chosen improvement scenario(s): the export-oriented scenario

4.2.5.3. The observations

4.2.6. Case 6: company 6

4.2.6.1. The company’s profile

4.2.6.2. The chosen improvement scenario(s): the export-oriented scenario

4.2.6.3. The observations

4.3. Assessment

5. Feedback on the PE2I Tool

5.1. The advantages and limitations of the PE2I tool. 5.1.1. A customizable pedagogical representation tool

5.1.2. Operational difficulties

5.2. Prospects for improvement

5.2.1. Operationalizing the evaluation: reconciling the constraints of the field. 5.2.1.1. The innovation–export link in practice: the limits of a joint evaluation

5.2.1.2. Facilitating the dissemination of the tool: towards a self-diagnosis

5.2.2. Contextualization of the recommendation system: taking into account differentiating factors

5.2.3. Proposing evidence-based recommendations: an operational action plan to promote synergies

Conclusion

C.1. The contributions

C.2. Limitations

C.3. To go further

C.3.1. Strengthening the characterization of the common innovation–export space

C.3.2. Taking the operational development of the tool further

References

Index

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Smart Innovation Set

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On the other hand, although the Interreg 2014–2020 strategy devotes an entire axis to increasing the cross-border competitiveness of SMEs and 8 billion euros to SMEs, the support initiatives for SMEs tend to adopt a compartmentalized vision of the aid they offer. Support for innovation and export appear to be two disconnected initiatives, whereas a trend towards coupling these types of support is gradually emerging, according to the European Commission (2007). Indeed, recent studies have shown that companies that are able to manage innovation and international activities are simultaneously more profitable and sustainable over time (Love and Roper 2015).

According to BPI France (2011a), more than one innovative SME in two is present on the international market. This observation highlights the existence of a link between innovation and exporting, and innovation clearly appears to be a driver of international activities. SMEs that innovate are indeed more likely to engage in global markets than non-innovating companies. Process and organizational innovation, for example, can increase company productivity by reducing production costs and enabling SMEs to achieve the minimum level of efficiency required to cover fixed export costs. Through product innovation, marketing innovation and innovative branding strategies, SMEs differentiate their products from those of their competitors, allowing them to gain market share in international markets (OECD 2018). In particular, greater flexibility and a strong ability to customize and differentiate products can give SMEs a competitive advantage in global markets over larger companies, as they are able to quickly respond to changing market conditions and increasingly shorter product life cycles. For example, a report on the behavior of European SMEs (FedEx 2015) shows that fast-growing SMEs are almost twice as likely to export as declining or stagnant SMEs. Indeed, some inter-country niche markets are dominated by SMEs, and small innovative companies often become key partners for large multinationals to develop new products or serve new markets (OECD 2018).

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