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Marcus A. Stadelmann. Political Science For Dummies
Political Science For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Political Science For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Introduction
About This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Understanding Political Science
Discovering the Discipline of Political Science
Looking at Politics and Political Science
Going back to the history of political science
Being a part of the social sciences
Being fragmented
Studying Political Power
Exercising political power
Different thoughts on political power
Views on who holds the power
Checking on sources of political power
Searching for Sources of Legitimacy
Political structures
Results
History
Habit
International recognition
Religion
Nationalism
Shaping Research in Political Science: Looking at Major Approaches
Starting with Traditionalism
Switching to Behavioralism
VIEWING A PARADIGM
Being a behavioralist
Trying to explain
Emphasizing human behavior
Employing empirical theory
Using mathematics
Being truly objective
Being liberal
Going global
Turning the social sciences into a real science
Moving Leftward with Post-Behavioralism
Agreeing with behavioralism
Differing from behavioralism
Comparing Political Science Theories
Creating theories
Grand theory
Medium-range theory
Narrow-range theory
Looking at Historical Sociology
Seeking Benefits: Rational Choice Theory
Dealing with Political Culture
Analyzing Political Culture
The importance of political culture
Touching on political socialization
Noting citizenship
Looking at the variances of political cultures
Changing political cultures
Sustaining Democracy: The Civic Culture
Being behavioral in nature
Asking questions
Finding three political cultures
Parochial political culture
Subject political culture
Participant political culture
Needing three political cultures to sustain democracy
Working on Political Socialization
Goals of political socialization
Agents of political socialization
Trusting family
Going to school
Finding friends
Going to church
Listening to the media
Belonging to a minority group
Living through major political and economic crises
Changing later on in life
Moving from Materialist to Postmaterialist
Comparing Governments
Discussing Different Forms of Government
Identifying Types of Governments
Diving in to democracy
Direct democracy
Representative democracy
PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACY
Testing totalitarianism
Answering to authoritarianism
Dividing Powers
Centering on a unitary system
Focusing on federalism
Dissecting federalism versus a unitary system
Advantages and disadvantages of federalism and unitary systems
Going federal
Checking on confederations
Failing — The Articles of Confederation
Introducing federalism
Classifying the three systems of governments
Setting the Rules: Constitutions
Looking at Constitution Basics
WHO’S COUNTING?
Discovering the purpose of constitutions
Checking out constitution components
Creating a New Country: The U.S. Constitution of 1789
Framing the U.S. Constitution
Facing problems
Writing a constitution
Using checks and balances
Forming an electoral college
Getting stronger
Using three principles
Protecting citizens’ rights
Making changes
Checking on a New Document: The Russian Constitution
Looking at similarities
Noting the differences
Structuring government
Guaranteeing civil rights and liberties
Changing the Russian Constitution
Comparing Political Institutions: Systems of Government
Comparing Democratic Political Systems
Parliamentary democracies versus presidential democracies
Unicameralism versus bicameralism
Studying the U.S. Congress
HOW DOES IMPEACHMENT WORK?
STRUCTURING CONGRESS
Looking at Great Britain
Analyzing Executives
The U.S. presidency
Evolution of the U.S. presidency
Great Britain’s prime ministry
Going Bureaucratic
The French bureaucracy
The U.S. bureaucracy
Settling Disputes
Classifying law
Being supreme: The U.S. Supreme Court
Comparing two higher courts
Elections, Political Parties, and Interest Groups
Studying Elections
Explaining voting behavior
The Columbia model
The Michigan model
The echo chamber effect theory
Economic theories of voting behavior
Retrospective versus prospective voting
Determining the vote
Political Parties — Necessary for Democracy
Defining a political party
HOW POLITICAL PARTIES DIFFER IN THE U.S
Dealing with party systems
Causing different party systems
Classifying political parties
Functioning in a democracy
Providing partisan identification
Socializing the public
Recruiting candidates and running their campaigns
Mobilizing voters
Providing information
Organizing government
Aggregating interests
Realigning with another party
Interest Groups: Influencing the Government
Going pluralist
Being elitist
Differing from political parties
Classifying types of interest groups
Joining interest groups
Being powerful
Checking out interest group functions
Going Global: International Relations
Thinking Globally: The Study of International Relations
Understanding the Origins of International Relations
Creating states
Getting familiar with international relations terms
Getting into the Theories of International Relations
Individual: The first level of analysis
State: The second level of analysis
Systemic: The third level of analysis
Getting Real: The Power of Realism
Balancing power: The balance of power theory
Seeing how the theory works
Noting whether it’s still applicable today
Avoiding conflict: The power transition model
Noting neorealism
Moving into hegemonic decline
Overextension
The law of increasing cost of war
The law of stagnation
Changes in economic structures
Population growth
Solutions to decline
Doing Good: Idealism
Being Equal through Global Humanism
Striving for Change with Constructivism
Creating Some Order: International Law and Diplomacy
Defining International Law
Studying Sources of International Law
Reviewing the great writers of international law
BEING A SOVEREIGN COUNTRY
EXCEPTIONS TO SOVEREIGNTY
Examining international treaties
ASSIGNING A TREATY TO A LAND MASS
The Outer Space Treaty
The Antarctica Treaty
The Law of the Sea
Connecting with Diplomacy
Being a successful diplomat
Regulating diplomacy: The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
Creating Order through International Organizations
Getting Together in Europe — The Concert of Europe
Calling for a League of Nations
Coming up with 14 points
Starting weak as an international organization
Structuring the League of Nations
Using a League Council
Failing in times of crisis
Needing a United Nations
Sharing similarities with the League of Nations
Setting up a Charter for the United Nations
Looking at the six structures of the United Nations
The Security Council
CREATING A SECURITY COUNCIL
MAINTAINING INTERNATIONAL PEACE
The General Assembly
The International Court of Justice
The Economic and Social Council
The Secretariat and the Secretary General
The Trusteeship Council
Budgeting for an international organization
Keeping the peace
Peacekeeping
Peacemaking
Approving peacekeeping and peacemaking operations
Guaranteeing human rights
First-generation human rights
Second-generation human rights
Third-generation human rights
Setting up the International Bill of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Not Going to War: The Cold War 1946–1991
Explaining the Cold War
Using systemic explanations
Applying history
Misinterpreting actions
Trying to protect itself
Being aggressive
Highlighting the Cold War
Containing the Soviet Union
Coming together
Saving Greece and Turkey: The Truman Doctrine
Restoring Europe: The Marshall Plan
Feeding millions: The Berlin Airlift
Going to war in Korea
Just talking: The Doctrine of Rollback
Rising up against Communism: The Hungarian uprising of 1956
Taking back a canal: The Suez Canal crisis
Building the Berlin Wall
The Cuban missile crisis
Staying Communist: The Brezhnev Doctrine
Getting stuck in Vietnam
Aiding France in Vietnam
Starting military involvement by the U.S
Fighting back: The Tet Offensive and Vietnamization
Coming to a close
Invading Afghanistan
Destroying an empire
Analyzing Strategic Doctrines and the Arms Race
HOW TO CARRY A NUCLEAR WEAPON
Becoming superior one more time
Getting creative in the 1970s
Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle (MIRV)
Inventing flying bombs: Cruise missiles
Going into space
Dealing with Political Violence: War and Terrorism
Examining Warfare
Discovering the types of war
Changing warfare
CHANCES OF WINNING
Looking at the Causes of War
Economic
Sociological
Psychological
Ideological
Systemic
Dealing with Terrorism
Studying characteristics of terrorism
Taking in types of terrorism
Nationalist terrorism
Religious terrorism
State-sponsored terrorism
Ideological terrorism
Going to War with Evil
How a terrorist group begins: Al Qaeda
Evolution of a terrorist leader
Exploring the Costs of War
Mixing Disciplines: International Political Economy
Fusing Economics and Politics
Creating a New Economic Order
Designing a World Bank
Establishing the International Monetary Fund
Developing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Discovering Economic Theories
Economic liberalism
Mercantilism
State capitalism
State socialism
Examining Population and the Division of Wealth
Defining terms
Looking at global inequality
Causing Economic Decline in the Third World
Colonialism
Dependency theory
Third-World elites
Domestic factors
International organizations
The international debt crisis
Multinational corporations
Seeking Globalization: An Integration of Countries
Measuring globalization
Comparing countries: The KOF Index of Globalization
Seeing the light at the end of the tunnel
Going from Classical to Modern Political Ideologies
Starting in Greece: The Roots of Political Science
Studying Ancient Greece and the Start of Political Science
DEFINING HAPPINESS
Questioning Everything: Socrates
Introducing inductive reasoning
Taking a critical look at politics
Putting Political Philosophy into Play: Plato
Advocating for ethics
Believing in just behavior
Dividing into classes
Creating an elite
Seeking a Scientific Approach: Aristotle
Creating communities
Being human: A look at humanity and politics
Classifying forms of governments
Putting Ethics to Use
Serving the public first
Designing the U.S. government
Going Modern: Middle Ages to the Present
Taking a Lesson on Catholic Theory
Saint Augustine (354–430)
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)
Revolting against religion
Understanding Power
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527)
Looking at early life and workings
Writing “The Prince”
Following rules
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
Making a power play
Creating a state
Working toward political philosophy
John Locke (1632–1704)
Making property a priority
Forming a social contract
THE PRINCIPLE OF PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY
Studying philosophy and medicine
Montesquieu (1689–1755)
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)
Moving to Classical Conservatism
Saving traditional beliefs and institutions
Defining conservative views
Identifying human flaws
Maintaining a strong government
Building an elite
Focusing on community
Incorporating traditionalism
Controlling emotions
Advocating for Classical Liberalism
Leaving the economy alone
Believing in people
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
Putting the Government Back in Charge: Modern Liberalism
Moving to the Right: Fascism, Neofascism, and Right-Wing Populism
Getting a Sense of Fascism
Starting Out: The Beginnings of Fascism
Coming first: Benito Mussolini
Causing Fascism
The story behind Fascism
Fascist core beliefs
Opposing Marxism
Despising democracy
Rejecting liberalism
Standing for authoritarian corporatism
Eliminating class conflict
Coveting expansionism
Valuing the military
Considering racism
Defending religion
Rising of Neofascism
LOOKING AT MODERN NEOFASCISM IN ITALY
Challenging the Elite: Populism
Making a path for populism
Causing populism
Swinging Right: Right-Wing Populism in Europe
Building of a right-wing populist party in France: The French National Front
Becoming right-wing populist
Advocating change
Wanting change: The Alternative for Germany (AfD)
Upcoming Alternative for Germany
Becoming stronger
Going Left: Communism, Socialism, and Social Democracy
Causing Socialism
Starting with Karl Marx
Marx’s political theories
LIVING IN EXILE
Advancing through history
Moving towards class struggle
Marx’s economic theories
The labor theory of value
The theory of surplus value
The law of concentration
Realities of Marx’s theories
Updating Marxism: Lenin
Lenin’s contributions to Marxism
Dissecting Lenin’s pivotal work
Traveling to Asia: Maoism
Going Democratic: Social Democracy
The Part of Tens
Ten Political Science Books Everyone Should Read
Politics (335–323 BCE)
The Prince (1513)
Leviathan (1651)
Two Treatises of Government (1690)
The Wealth of Nations (1776)
The Communist Manifesto (1848)
The American Voter (1960)
Man, the State, and War (1959)
Who Governs? (1961)
Who’s Running America? (8th Edition, 2017)
Ten Modern Political Scientists
David Easton
Gabriel Almond
Hans Morgenthau
Kenneth Waltz
Vladimir Orlando Key
Samuel P. Huntington
John Rawls
Francis Fukuyama
Robert Gilpin
Robert O. Keohane
Index. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
About the Author
Dedication
Author’s Acknowledgments
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
