The New Laws of Love

The New Laws of Love
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Online dating has become a widespread feature of modern social life. In less than two decades, seeking partners through commercial intermediaries went from being a marginal and stigmatized practice to being a common activity. How can we explain this rapid change and what does it tell us about the changing nature of love and sexuality? In contrast to those who praise online dating as a democratization of love and those who condemn it as a commodification of intimacy, this book tells a different story about how and why online dating became big. The key to understanding the growing prevalence of digital dating lies in what Marie Bergström calls “the privatization of intimacy.” Online dating takes courtship from the public to the private sphere and makes it a domestic and individual practice. Unlike courtship in traditional settings such as school, work, and gatherings of family and friends, online dating makes a clear distinction between social and sexual sociability and renders dating much more discrete. Apparently banal, this privatizing feature is fundamental for understanding both the success and the nature of digital matchmaking. Bergström also sheds light on the persisting inequalities of intimate life, showing that online dating is neither free nor fair: it has its winners and losers and it differs significantly according to gender, age and social class. Drawing on a wide range of empirical material, this book challenges what we think we know about online dating and gives us a new understanding of who, why, and how people go online to seek sex and love.

Оглавление

Marie Bergström. The New Laws of Love

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Dedication

The New Laws of Love. Online Dating and the Privatization of Intimacy

Copyright Page

Acknowledgments

Figures

Sources. Surveys

Big Data

Interviews

Introduction

Dominant discourses on online dating

The privatization of dating

Disembedded matchmaking

The transformation of social life

Dating under the microscope

Empirical sources and methods

Book outline

1 The History of Matchmaking

Marriage brokerage and personal ads

The old commodification debate

BBS and Minitel networks: praise and prejudice

Old and new on the internet

Notes

2 Dating Technicians

Copy and paste

Market segmentation

A clean, well-lighted place

Gender stereotyping

It’s a man’s world

Notes

3 The Keys to Success

How big is online dating?

Who seeks love and sex online?

Juvenile use: generational and age effects

A hookup culture?

Tense thirties

Back in the game: midlife dating

Notes

4 Time for Sex and Love

A sexual revolution or recession?

The acceleration of dating

No strings attached

The new shapes of love

Notes

5 Class at First Sight

Online homogamy

Segregation and algorithms

Distinctive profiles: photos and wordplay

Cultural prerequisites

Codes of conduct

Social bodies

Notes

6 The Age of Singles

Sex ratios and little white lies about age

Waiting young men, pickup artists, and incels

The new bachelors’ ball

Gender inequalities in aging

Social class and couple norms

Notes

7 Digital Double Standards

Female gaze and sexual objects

The “bastard” and the “slut”

Male initiative and female modesty

Under the threat of sexual violence

Terms of consent

Notes

Conclusion Private Matters

The machinery of matching

Private versus public

A history of privatized life

Dating as an island

Domesticity and discretion

Notes

Bibliography

POLITY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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To the Bergström family

Published in association with INED Éditions

.....

I believe the major change to be a privatization of social life. By this term I refer on the one hand to a shift from outdoor to indoor activities, as many practices that previously occurred in public space have migrated to the domestic sphere, and on the other hand to a tightening of social networks, which have become more centered around close intimate relationships. This means that mingling with strangers in public settings has become rarer, while domestic and private socializing has expanded. This evolution is palpable among adults, who spend less time with neighbors and more time with close kin and friends at home, for example (Wellman, 1999), but also in youth culture, where the advent of computers and digital leisure has contributed to a switch from “street culture” to a genuine “bedroom culture” (Bovill and Livingstone, 2001; Livingstone, 2002).

As Michael Rosenfeld and his colleagues have stressed, this means “disintermediating your friends” in dating (Rosenfeld et al., 2019). But the historical movement at work here is much broader. More than just circumventing family and friends, these platforms operate a sharp distinction between dating and all forms of sociability, turning the former into a specific social activity, with its own space and time. This is not a mere displacement of other meeting venues, it is a radical shift in the way we approach intimate relationships and organize social life.

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