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Marion Gleason McDougall. Fugitive Slaves (1619-1865)
Fugitive Slaves (1619-1865)
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I. LEGISLATION AND CASES BEFORE THE CONSTITUTION
Treatment of the Fugitives
Escapes in New England
Dutch and Intercolonial Regulations
Intercolonial Cases
International Cases
English Law. Northwest Ordinance
Fugitive Question in Constitutional Conventions
CHAPTER II. LEGISLATION FROM 1789 TO 1850
The First Fugitive Slave Act
Propositions of 1797 and 1802
Propositions from 1817 to 1822
Period of the Missouri Compromise
Canada and Mexico Places of Refuge
Kidnapping from 1793–1850. Prigg Case
The Second Fugitive Slave Act
Arguments for the Bill
Arguments against the Bill
CHAPTER III. PRINCIPAL CASES FROM 1789 TO 1860
The First Case of Rescue
Kidnapping
Interference and Rescues
Interstate Relations
Prosecutions. Act of 1850
Sims and Burns
Garner and Shadrach
Rescues
Castner Hanway. John Brown
CHAPTER IV. FUGITIVES AND THEIR FRIENDS
Reasons for Escape
Escapes to the North
Fugitives disguised as Whites
The Underground Railroad
Operations "Underground."
CHAPTER V. PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS
Analysis
Review of the Acts by States
CHAPTER VI. THE END OF THE FUGITIVE SLAVE QUESTION (1860–1865)
Enforcement. Slaves of Disloyal Men
Confiscation Bills
The Emancipation Proclamation
Fugitives from Loyal Slave States
District of Columbia
Repeal of the Acts proposed
Discussion of Repeal Bills
Repeal of the Acts
APPENDIX A. COLONIAL LAWS RELATIVE TO FUGITIVES
1. New Netherlands:—Running away from Patroons. [§ 2]
2. Massachusetts:—Capture and protection of servants. [§ 4.]
3. New Netherlands:—Runaway servants. [§ 6.]
4. Maryland:—Runaway apprentices felons
5. New Netherlands:—Against harboring fugitive servants. [§ 6]
6. Virginia:—Entertainment of fugitives. [§ 3]
7. Virginia:—Runaway servants. [§ 3.]
8. New England Confederation:—Articles of Confederation. [§ 8.]
9. Connecticut:—Servants and apprentices
10. New Netherlands:—Entertainment of runaways
11. Maryland:—Against fugitives
12. Maryland:—Against fugitives
13. Virginia:—Penalty for second offence
14. New Netherlands:—Treaty with United Colonies. [§ 11.]
15. City of Amsterdam:—Runaway colonists banished
16. Virginia:—Entertainment of runaways
17. Virginia:—Punishment of runaways
18. Virginia:—Huie and crie after runaways
19. New Netherlands:—Runaway servants
20. Virginia:—How to know a runnaway servant. [§ 3.]
21. Virginia:—Payment of Dutch shipmasters
22. Virginia:—Apprehension of runaways
23. Virginia:—English runnaway with negroes. [§ 3.]
24. Virginia:—Glocester to have jurisdiction over runaways
25. Virginia:—Runaway servants
26. Maryland:—Against runaways
27. Virginia:—Pursuit of runaways to the Dutch
28. Maryland:—Against English servants
29. New Netherlands:—Quakers, etc. refused admission to colony
30. Virginia:—Entertainment of runaways
31. Maryland:—Runaways and their entertainers
32. New Jersey—Fugitive servants
33. Virginia:—Runaways
34. Virginia:—Runaways
35. Virginia:—Apprehension of Runaways
36. Virginia:—Reward to the first taker up of runaways
37. Virginia:—Apprehension of Runaways. [§ 8.]
38. Maryland:—Apprehension of runaways
39. New Jersey:—Fugitive servants and apprentices
40. Maryland:—Runaways
41. East New Jersey:—Fugitive servants
42. New Jersey:—Prevention of runaways
43. South Carolina.—Prevention of runaways
44. Virginia:—Repeal of law of 1663, September
45. East New Jersey:—Runaway servants. [§ 2.]
46. Virginia: Law of 1670 amended
47. South Carolina:—Inhibition of trade with runaways
48. Pennsylvania:—Regulation of servants
49. New York:—Regulation of slaves
50. New York:—Punishment of runaways to Canada. [§ 8.]
51. New York:—Act of 1702 revived
52. Virginia:—Runaway servants and slaves
53. Massachusetts Bay:—Regulation of free negroes. [§ 4.]
54. South Carolina:—For the better ordering of slaves
55. New Jersey:—Regulation of slaves
56. New Jersey:—Regulation of white servants
57. Rhode Island:—Ferriage of runaways. [§ 4.]
58. South Carolina:—Additional Act to Act of 1712
59. New York:—Act of 1705 revived. [§ 8.]
60. North Carolina:—Servants and slaves
61. New Hampshire:—Runaway minors and servants
62. South Carolina:—Additional Act against runaways
63. Massachusetts Bay:—Transportation of apprentices and servants
64. South Carolina:—Regulation of Slaves
65. Pennsylvania:—Regulation of negroes
66. Virginia:—Earlier act amended
67. Connecticut:—Runaway servants and slaves
68. New York:—Slave insurrections, etc
69. South Carolina:—Regulation of slaves
70. Delaware:—Regulation of servants and slaves
71. Delaware:—Regulation of servants and slaves
72. South Carolina:—Regulation of slaves
73. North Carolina:—Entertainment of runaways, etc. [§ 3.]
74. Virginia:—Ferriage of runaways
75. South Carolina: Act additional to Act of 1740
76. Rhode Island:—Assistance of runaways
77. North Carolina:—Slave stealing
78. Connecticut:—Escape of negroes and servants
79. Connecticut:—Pursuit of runaways
80. Pennsylvania:—Harboring fugitives
APPENDIX B. NATIONAL ACTS AND PROPOSITIONS RELATIVE TO FUGITIVE SLAVES. 1778–1854
Treaties and First Act. 1. Fugitive clause in treaty with the Delawares
2. Fugitive clause in the treaty of peace. [§§ 13, 22.]
3. Fugitive clauses in Indian treaties. [§ 13.]
4. Fugitive clause in King's ordinance. [§ 14.]
5. Fugitive clauses in Indian treaties. [§ 13.]
6. Fugitive clause in Northwest Ordinance of 1787. [§ 14]
7. Fugitive clause in the Constitution. [§ 15.]
8. Clauses for returning fugitives in Indian treaties
9. First Fugitive Slave Act
Bills and Propositions. 10. Abstract of amendatory bill on fugitives. [§ 19.]
11. Restoration of slaves by Indian treaties. [§ 22.]
12. Fugitive slave clause in the Treaty of Ghent. [§ 22]
13. Amendments proposed to Pindall's bill. [§ 20]
14. Provision for delivery on executive requisition. [§ 20.]
15. Proposed limitation to four years. [§ 20.]
16. Fugitive Slave clause in the Missouri Compromise. [§ 21.]
17. Investigation into the Pennsylvania Act. [§ 21.]
18. Maryland resolutions protesting against Pennsylvanians. [§ 21.]
19. Assumption of claims on Indians for fugitives. [§ 22.]
20. Calhoun's resolution on the status of slaves on the high seas. [§ 24.]
21. Woodbridge resolution on extradition of slaves. [§ 23]
Prigg Decision. Resolutions. 22. Significant extracts from the Prigg decision. [§ 25.]
23. Giddings's resolutions on the status of slaves on the high seas. [§ 24.]
24. Benton's resolution on slaves escaping to Canada. [§ 23.]
25. Giddings's resolution for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia. [§ 28.]
26. Hall's repeal resolution for the District of Columbia. [§ 28.]
Resolutions. Bill of 1850. 27. Giddings's resolution inquiring into the condition of the District of Columbia jail. [§ 28.]
28. Giddings's resolution on the jail in the District of Columbia. [§ 28.]
29. Meade's resolution on more effectual enforcement of the constitutional article on fugitive slaves. [§ 27.]
30. Legislative history of the Fugitive Slave Act. [Jan. 3 to Sept. 18, § 29.]
Second Fugitive Slave Act. 31. Second Fugitive Slave Act. [§§ 29, 30.]
Act of 1850. Resolutions. 32. McLanahan's resolution against repeal of the law of 1850
33. Clay's resolution on the Shadrach case, Boston. [§ 51.]
34. Bright's bill explanatory of law of 1850
35. Fitch's resolution affirming the Compromise
36. Jackson's resolution affirming the Compromise
37. Hillyer's finality resolution
38. Chase's resolution of inquiry into payments under act of 1850
APPENDIX C. NATIONAL ACTS AND PROPOSITIONS RELATING TO FUGITIVE SLAVES. 1860–1864
1. President Buchanan's message. [§ 86.]
2. Cochrane's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
3. Morris's Resolution. [§ 86.]
4. Leake's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
5. Cox's Resolution. [§ 86.]
6. Stevenson's Resolution. [§ 86.]
7. Niblack's Resolution. [§ 86.]
8. English's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
9. McClernand's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
10. Hindman's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
11. Kilgore's Resolution. [§ 86.]
12. Johnson's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
13. Crittenden's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
14. Douglas's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.]
15. Florence's Joint Resolution
16. Morris's Joint Resolution
17. Douglas's Bill to amend the Fugitive Slave Laws. [§ 101.]
18. Florence's Joint Resolution
19. Kellogg's Joint Resolution
20. Kellogg's Joint Resolution
21. Kellogg's Joint Resolution
22. Peace Convention Amendment to the Constitution. [§ 85.]
23. Clarence's Joint Resolution
24. Crittenden's Joint Resolution
* 25. Compromise Bill to amend the Fugitive Slave Act. [§ 87.]
26. Pugh's Joint Resolution
27. Johnson's Joint Resolution on the return of fugitives
28. Powell's Joint Resolution on the return of fugitive slaves
29. Lovejoy's Resolution against the return of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95.]
30. Trumbull's confiscation Bill. [§ 90.]
** 31. Chandler's confiscation Act. [§ 90.]
32. Wilson's Joint Resolution for discharge of fugitives from the Washington jail. [§ 97.]
* 33. Wilson's Resolution on repeal of the black code in the District of Columbia. [§ 97.]
* 34. Clark's Resolution on persons in Washington jail
35. Lovejoy's Bill to prevent return by the Army. [§ 95.]
* 36. Sumner's Resolution on Army orders relating to fugitive slaves
37. Trumbull's Confiscation Bill
* 38. Fessenden's Resolution on the Washington jail. [§ 97.]
39. Bingham's Resolution on the Washington jail. [§ 97.]
40. Morrill's confiscation Joint Resolution. [§ 91.]
* 41. Hale's Resolution on the slaves of rebels. [§ 95.]
42. Wilson's Bill for emancipation in the District of Columbia. [§ 98.]
* 43. Sumner's Resolution against the surrender of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95.]
44. Lovejoy's confiscation and emancipation Resolution. [§§ 91, 95.]
* 45. Julian's Resolution to amend the Fugitive Slave Law. [§ 95.]
46. Shank's Resolution on the return of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95.]
* 47. Wilson's Resolution for articles of war. [§ 95.]
48. Wilson's Bill on the arrest of fugitives by the officers of the Army and Navy. [§ 95.]
49. Howe's Bill for repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. [§ 101.]
50. Davis's confiscation Bill
** 51. Grimes's Act on criminal justice in the District of Columbia [§ 97.]
52. Trumbull's Bill for the confiscation of property of rebels and to free the slaves of rebels. [§ 91.]
53. Amendments to Wilson's Bill on Army and Navy officers. [§ 95.]
54. Wilson's District of Columbia Bill. [§ 98.]
* 55. Wilson's Resolution on the management of the Washington jail
56. Wilson's Bill to repeal the black code in the District of Columbia. [§ 98.]
57. Amendments to the confiscation Bill. [§ 91.]
** 58. Blair's Act prohibiting return by the Army. [§ 95.]
59. Harris's confiscation Bill. [§ 91]
60. Report of House Judiciary Committee on confiscation
61. Wilson's Resolution on the return of fugitives by the Army and Navy
* 62. Bill for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. [§ 98.]
63. Sherman's Amendment to Harris's confiscation Bill
64. Wilson's Bill to amend the Fugitive Slave Act. [§ 101.]
*65. Bill for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. [§ 98.]
66. Lovejoy's Bill on return of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95.]
67. Harris's confiscation Bill. [§ 91.]
68. House confiscation Bill. [§ 91.]
69. Eliot's confiscation and emancipation Bill. [§ 91.]
70. Saulsbury's amendment of Wilson's Resolution
71. Harris's confiscation Bill recommitted. [§ 91.]
72. Clark's confiscation Bill. [§ 91.]
73. Confiscation and emancipation Bill. [§ 91.]
74. Sumner's Resolution on fugitive slaves
75. Emancipation Bill
76. Julian's Bill to repeal the Fugitive Slave Act. [§ 101.]
77. Colfax's Resolution demanding trial by jury for fugitives
*78. Bill for emancipation of fugitives from disloyal masters. [§ 91.]
** 79. Progress of the confiscation Bill. [§ 91.]
80. Bills for the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act. [§§ 101-103.]
81. Saulsbury's substitute on the validity of personal liberty laws in the States, etc
82. Discussion of the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law. [§ 101.]
** 83. Act repealing the Fugitive Slave Acts. [§§ 101-104.]
APPENDIX D. LIST OF IMPORTANT FUGITIVE SLAVE CASES
1. New Netherlands and Hartford controversy. [§ 11.]
2. Escape to Manhattan. [§ 7.]
3. Escape of white servants to Cape May. [§ 9.]
4. Escape to the Indians. [§ 8.]
5. Escape from English to French. [§ 11.]
6. Crispus Attucks. [§ 5.]
7. Glasgow. [§ 12.]
8. Shanley v. Haney. [§ 12.]
9. Somersett case. [§ 12.]
10. Ship Friendship, case of. [§ 5.]
11. John. [§ 17.]
12. Quincy's case. [§ 34.]
13. Washington's slave. [§ 35.]
14. North Carolina fugitives. [§ 19.]
15. Columbia case
16. Solomon Northup. [§ 38.]
17. Williams case
18. Prigg case. [§ 27.]
19. Kidnapping of Jones. [§ 37.]
20. Chickasaw rescue. [§ 42.]
21. Schooner Boston case. [§ 47.]
22. Philadelphia. [§ 43.]
23. Escape of Douglass. [§§ 68, 75.]
24. Isaac Gansey case. [§ 47.]
25. Van Zandt case. [§ 50.]
26. Oberlin case. [§ 50.]
27. Thompson case
28. Latimer case. [§ 44.]
29. Goin case
30. Thomas case
31. Walker case. [§ 50.]
32. Smithburg
33. Kirk case
34. Brig Ottoman. [§ 45.]
35. Kennedy case. [§ 43.]
36. Slaves on board Brazilian ship
37. Ohio and Kentucky controversy. [§ 48]
38. South Bend case
39. Brig Wm. Purrington
40. Drayton and Sayres. [§ 50.]
41. Crafts escape. [§ 69.]
42. Washington case. [§ 39.]
43. Hamlet case. [§ 53.]
44. Gannett case
45. Gibson case
46. Case in Pennsylvania
47. Sims case. [§ 54.]
48. Shadrach case. [§ 57.]
49. Christiana case. [§ 60.]
50. Miller. [§ 61.]
51. Jerry case. [§ 58.]
52. Parker rescue
53. Brig Florence
54. Lewis case
55. Glover case
56. Bath
57. Burns case. [§ 55.]
58. Garner. [§ 56]
59. Williamson case
60. Johnson case
61. Gatchell case
62. Oberlin-Wellington case. [§ 59]
63. John Brown's Raid. [§ 62.]
64. Nalle case
65. Anderson case. [§ 23.]
66. Wisdom case. [§ 91.]
67. Major Sherwood's servant. [§ 91.]
68. Norfolk case
69. Archer Alexander
APPENDIX E. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FUGITIVE SLAVE CASES AND FUGITIVE SLAVE LEGISLATION
1. Sources of information
2. Libraries
3. Secondary works
4. Biographies
5. Original sources
6. Slave autobiographies
7. Records of trials
8. Speeches
9. Reminiscences
10. Reports of societies
11. Periodicals and newspapers
12. Materials bearing on legislation
13. Alphabetical list of works
FOOTNOTES
