"Modern Geography" by Marion I. Newbigin. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.
Оглавление
Marion I. Newbigin. Modern Geography
Modern Geography
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I
THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER II
SURFACE-RELIEF AND THE PROCESS OF EROSION
CHAPTER III
ICE AND ITS WORK
CHAPTER IV
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
CHAPTER V
THE PRINCIPLES OF PLANT GEOGRAPHY AND THE CHIEF PLANT FORMATIONS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
CHAPTER VI
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL LIFE
CHAPTER VII
CULTIVATED PLANTS AND DOMESTICATED ANIMALS
CHAPTER VIII
THE RACES OF EUROPE AND THEIR ORIGIN
CHAPTER IX
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MINERALS AND THE LOCALISATION OF INDUSTRIES AND OF TOWNS
NOTES ON BOOKS
INDEX
THE HOME UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY of Modern Knowledge
Отрывок из книги
Marion I. Newbigin
Published by Good Press, 2019
.....
Taking first the prime distinction between land surface and ocean floor, we note that the two differ from one another markedly, alike in their characteristics and in the conditions to which they are exposed. The land is subjected to constantly varying conditions: to the alternation of day and night, and to the changes of the seasons, with corresponding variations in temperature; to the fluctuations of the weather; to running water, and so forth. In the great ocean depths at least, on the other hand, the conditions are remarkably uniform. Neither diurnal nor seasonal changes have here any effect; the temperature seems to fluctuate but little; the water is almost still. This uniformity of physical conditions is reflected in the uniformity of the surface over wide areas. While the land surface shows marked irregularities, the ocean floor has a monotonous character, with more gentle outlines.
In its most general form the characters of the sea bottom may be briefly stated. Round the great land masses there is an area of relatively shallow water, which is sometimes only a few miles wide, and at other times extends outwards for hundreds of miles. This region is the Continental Shelf, and its seaward boundary for convenience’ sake is taken at a depth of 100 fathoms, or 600 feet. Within this zone the influence of the land is still felt, and some of the characters of land surfaces appear. Thus we sometimes find that river valleys are prolonged outwards over the Continental Shelf, giving a markedly irregular appearance to the ocean floor. The British Islands lie upon a Continental Shelf of this kind, and this is one of our reasons for knowing that they are really only a part of the continent of Europe, separated from it by a slight depression.
