Normal Now

Normal Now
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Описание книги

This is a book about what we consider normal. It details how the very concept of normality emerged in the modern era, and how it has changed over the centuries. By the mid-twentieth century, the expansion of norms across various areas of human endeavour generated a governing normative order in Western societies. Normality was defined as conformity with a narrow model of conventional human behaviour. However, this model has since been displaced by an anti-conformism, in which normality is defined as absolute self-fulfilment, defying older restrictions on our behaviour. Paradoxically, narcissistic individualism and rebellion against conformity have become compulsory. Normal Now  explores in detail how this new normative order plays out today in the arenas of politics, health, and sex and sexuality. In all these areas, the uncompromising perfectionism of our norms of self-expression leads to increasingly deep-seated and ubiquitous anger, anxiety and dissatisfaction.

Оглавление

Mark G. E. Kelly. Normal Now

Table of Contents

Guide

Pages

Epigraph

NORMAL NOW. Individualism as Conformity

Copyright Page

Acknowledgements

Preface

Notes

1 Genealogy

Normality as Normative

Normalization

What’s in a Norm?

New Norms

Method

Notes

2 New Norms

The Old Norms

Individualism

Success

American Christianity

Enjoy

Universalization

Notes

3 Politics

Normalization

Trump as Abnormal

Trump as Normal

Political Ideology as Norm

Notes

4 Sex

Sexuality

Celibacy

Monogamy

Consent

Queer

Gender

Identity

Notes

5 Life

Anxiety

Diet

Epidemiology

Death

Artifice

Notes

6 Law

Guilty

Sin

Psych-

Perfectionism

Divergence

Notes

7 Difference

Diversity

Differential Abnormalization

Justice

Notes

Conclusion

Notes

Index

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Only one truth appears before our eyes: wealth, fertility and sweet strength in all its insidious universality. In contrast, we are unaware of the prodigious machinery of the will to truth, with its vocation of exclusion.

Michel Foucault, ‘The Orders of Discourse’

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This understanding of what a norm is, I believe, that which is operative in both Canguilhem and Foucault. However, neither of them cares explicitly to define this term, despite its crucialness, supplying clear definitions being considered somewhat gauche in twentieth-century French philosophy. Foucault does, however, say the following:

Normalization consists first of all in positing a model, an optimal model that is constructed in terms of a certain result, and the operation of … normalization consists in trying to get people, movements, and actions to conform to this model, the normal being precisely that which can conform to this norm, and the abnormal that which is incapable of conforming to the norm. In other words, it is not the normal and the abnormal that is fundamental and primary in … normalization, it is the norm. That is, there is an originally prescriptive character of the norm and the determination and the identification of the normal and the abnormal becomes possible in relation to this posited norm.13

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