The Evolution of Everything: How Small Changes Transform Our World

The Evolution of Everything: How Small Changes Transform Our World
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‘If there is one dominant myth about the world, one huge mistake we all make … it is that we all go around assuming the world is much more of a planned place than it is.’From the industrial revolution and the rise of China, to urbanisation and the birth of bitcoin, Matt Ridley demolishes conventional assumptions that the great events and trends of our day are dictated by those on high. On the contrary, our most important achievements develop from the ground up. In this wide-ranging and erudite book, Matt Ridley brilliantly makes the case for evolution as the force that has shaped much of our culture, our minds, and that even now is shaping our future.As compelling as it is controversial, as authoritative as it is ambitious, Ridley’s deeply thought-provoking book will change the way we think about the world and how it works.

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Matt Ridley. The Evolution of Everything: How Small Changes Transform Our World

How Small Changes Transform Our World

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PROLOGUE. The General Theory of Evolution

1. The Evolution of the Universe

The Lucretian heresy

Newton’s nudge

The swerve

Pasta or worms?

No need of that hypothesis

The puddle that fits its pothole

Thinking for ourselves

2. The Evolution of Morality

How morality emerges

Better angels

Doux commerce

The evolution of law

3. The Evolution of Life

Hume’s swerve

Darwin on the eye

Pax optica

Astronomical improbability?

Doubting Darwin still

Gould’s swerve

Wallace’s swerve

The lure of Lamarck

Culture-driven genetic evolution

4. The Evolution of Genes

All crane and no skyhook

On whose behalf?

Junk is not the same as garbage

Red Queen races

5. The Evolution of Culture

The evolution of language

The human revolution was actually an evolution

The evolution of marriage

The evolution of cities

The evolution of institutions

6. The Evolution of the Economy

Human action, but not human design

Imperfect markets are better than no markets

Invisible hands

Diminishing returns?

Innovationism

Adam Darwin

The mighty consumer

An alternative to Leviathan

7. The Evolution of Technology

Inexorable technological progress

The sea fashions boats

Patent scepticism

Copying is not cheap

Science is the daughter of technology

Science as a private good

8. The Evolution of the Mind

The heretic

Seeking homunculus

The astonishing hypothesis

The illusion of free will

Responsibility in a world of determinism

9. The Evolution of Personality

Powerless parents

The status quotient

Intelligence from within

The innateness of sexuality

The evolution of homicide

The evolution of sexual attraction

10. The Evolution of Education

The Prussian model

Crowding out private schools

Innovation in education

The technology of education

Indoctrination continues

Education to deliver economic growth

11. The Evolution of Population

The Irish application of the theory

Nationalising marriage

Sterilisation begins

Justifying murder

Population again

Population blackmail

The population sceptics

The Western origins of the one-child policy

12. The Evolution of Leadership

The emergent nature of China’s reform

Mosquitoes that win wars

Imperial chief executives

The evolution of management

The evolution of economic development

The evolution of Hong Kong

13. The Evolution of Government

The evolution of government in prison

The evolution of protection rackets into governments

The libertarian Levellers

Commerce as the midwife of freedom

Free trade and free thinking

The counter-revolution of government

Liberal fascism

The libertarian revival

Government as God

14. The Evolution of Religion

The predictability of gods

The evolution of the prophet

The cult of cereology

The temptations of superstition

Vital delusions

The climate god

The weather gods

15. The Evolution of Money

The Scottish experiment

Malachi Malagrowther to the rescue

Financial stability without central banks

The China price

How much was Fannie’s fault?

The evolution of mobile money

16. The Evolution of the Internet

The balkanisation of the web

The bizarre evolution of blockchains

The mysterious founder

Blockchains for all

Re-evolving politics

EPILOGUE. The Evolution of the Future

FOOTNOTES

SOURCES AND FURTHER READING. Prologue: The General Theory of Evolution

Chapter 1: The Evolution of the Universe

Chapter 2: The Evolution of Morality

Chapter 3: The Evolution of Life

Chapter 4: The Evolution of Genes

Chapter 5: The Evolution of Culture

Chapter 6: The Evolution of the Economy

Chapter 7: The Evolution of Technology

Chapter 8: The Evolution of the Mind

Chapter 9: The Evolution of Personality

Chapter 10: The Evolution of Education

Chapter 11: The Evolution of Population

Chapter 12: The Evolution of Leadership

Chapter 13: The Evolution of Government

Chapter 14: The Evolution of Religion

Chapter 15: The Evolution of Money

Chapter 16: The Evolution of the Internet

Epilogue: The Evolution of the Future

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

By the same author

About the Publisher

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Cover

Title Page

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Briefly in the late twentieth century, some astronomers bought into a new skyhook called the ‘anthropic principle’. In various forms, this argued that the conditions of the universe, and the particular values of certain parameters, seemed ideally suited to the emergence of life. In other words, if things had been just a little bit different, then stable suns, watery worlds and polymerised carbon would not be possible, so life could never get started. This stroke of cosmic luck implied that we lived in some kind of privileged universe uncannily suitable for us, and this was somehow spooky and cool.

Certainly, there do seem to be some remarkably fortuitous features of our own universe without which life would be impossible. If the cosmological constant were any larger, the pressure of antigravity would be greater and the universe would have blown itself to smithereens long before galaxies, stars and planets could have evolved. Electrical and nuclear forces are just the right strength for carbon to be one of the most common elements, and carbon is vital to life because of its capacity to form multiple bonds. Molecular bonds are just the right strength to be stable but breakable at the sort of temperatures found at the typical distance of a planet from a star: any weaker and the universe would be too hot for chemistry, any stronger and it would be too cold.

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