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MESHACH BROWNING.

FORTY-FOUR YEARS

OF

THE LIFE OF A HUNTER:

BEING REMINISCENCES OF

MESHACH BROWNING

A MARYLAND HUNTER

ROUGHLY WRITTEN DOWN BY HIMSELF

_____________

Revised and Illustrated by E. Stabler

_____________

PHILADELPHIA:

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY

_______________________________________________________________

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern

District of Pennsylvania.

____________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION.

HAVING been in some degree instrumental in introducing the following pages to the public, it may not be improper to inform the reader of the circumstances which led to my connection with their publication.

For several years past, I have been in the habit of visiting the mountainous regions of the States of Mary- land and Virginia, as well in search of the picturesque amid some of the wildest and grandest scenery in America, as with a view of recruiting my health, and enjoying a re- laxation from engrossing business cares. Some years since, during these visits, I became acquainted with the history of the Author, as an old and very successful hunter in the Alleganies; and many of the incidents here described —as well those connected with social life, as others peculiar to the chase—were listened to with much interest, because narrated by persons familiar with the details, and frequently participants in them.

Supposing that others would enjoy these adventures with equal zest, several messages were sent to the Author, suggesting their compilation and publication; and offer-

(iii)

Iv INTRODUCTION

ing, if necessary, to furnish any assistance required in furtherance of the measure.

This led to a personal acquaintance with the Author, which has ripened into strong feelings of regard and attachment for himself, and for many of his numerous descendants, now numbering over one hundred and twenty. More recent visits have resulted in the publication of the narrative—the manuscript having been submitted to me for such emendations and alterations as were deemed necessary; I promising, at the same time, to write an In- troduction for the work.

In fulfilling this promise, it may be remarked, that although many of the incidents here given may, to the minds of some, savor of romance, yet no doubt whatever is entertained of their entire truthfulness and reliability. The character of the Author has passed unscathed through a long life; and, though he is now verging on fourscore years, it stands as high, to say the least, as that of any other individual, for integrity, strong intellect, generous feelings, and heroic courage, whether in combatting with savage beasts of prey, or in struggling against the stream of poverty and adversity with which he had to contend, not only in early life, but also for a long series of years.

He is not the man to indulge in fiction, in any manner, or on any occasion. Though uneducated—having had less than six months' tuition, and that when quite a boy— he has filled important and responsible positions in his own county, not only with credit to himself, but with advantage to the public.

There are a few incidents narrated, and expressions

INTRODUCTION v

occasionally used, which I should omit if the work were intended exclusively for a particular class of readers; but as all classes will probably read it, and find portions suited to their tastes, the selection is left to the general reader, and these phrases and incidents are retained as furnished by the Author.

Few persons, it is believed, can fail to find something in the volume to interest them; as there are occasional touches of genuine humor, details of affecting incidents, and evi- dences of enduring energy and perseverance, conjoined with the most undaunted firmness, that seemed to know no fear in a hand-to-hand conflict with savage beasts of prey—in fact, even bearding the bear in his den.

Meshach Browning's life may be deemed an eventful one, considering the almost constant risks he ran of losing it in his many dangerous conflicts with bears, panthers, wolves, and wounded bucks; for the latter are scarcely less to be feared than the former, as their sharp horns, and keen, cut- ting hoofs, are wielded with as much strength and skill, both in attack and defence, as are the teeth and claws of the beasts of prey.

It is impossible to state with accuracy how many of the denizens of the forest have fallen victims to his unerring rifle and deadly hunting-knife; for he hunted regularly during forty-four years, and thus the greater portion of that time supplied his family, besides occasionally selling large quantities of venison and bear-meat. Comparatively but few of his many hunting scenes are here referred to; but he stated to me that, from the best estimate he could make, and from data considered reliable, he had killed from

vi INTRODUCTION.

eighteen hundred to two thousand deer, from three to four hundred bears, about fifty panthers and catamounts (quite as ferocious, and not much less in size than the panther), with scores of wolves and wildcats. And although now incapable, owing to age and infirmities, of pursuing the game with his wonted vigor, the "ruling passion" is still strong; for within the past few weeks his skill and perse- verance have been rewarded by the capture, in his traps, of an otter and a catamount, of the few now surviving his former achievements.

My task, though a "labor of love," is comparatively a very humble one, and has been mainly confined to the correction of grammatical errors; for I desired as much as possible to preserve the easy and rather peculiar style of the Author, as it came from his own sturdy and un- practised pen, because so plain and intelligible that he who runs may read: figuratively speaking, merely lopping out the weeds and bushes which tend to obstruct the view over a landscape, glowing and radiant with native beauties.

The incidents of social and domestic life are drawn so true to nature, and brought out so vividly to view, that the reader, though even a child, can readily trace out the full picture by the mere outline. From this cause his stories are not only never without interest, but often touch the feelings and enlist our sympathies before we are fully aware of it; and thus it is that "truth is sometimes stranger than fiction."

His is the best and most captivating narrative of hunting scenes that I ever read, because free from all attempts at

INTRODUCTION. vii

display, and devoid of egotism. The abrupt, nay even rude style, as it may appear to some, seems to be exactly suited to the subject—as "an abrupt and plain style some- times bears thoughts quickest to the seat of judgment"— and so readily comprehended by all, that the reader follows his game, feeling all the excitement of the chase and the energy of a Nimrod, without incurring either danger or fatigue.

After the revision of the manuscript, I placed it for perusal in the hands of a friend (himself, in early life, a successful hunter in Kentucky, and also personally known to the author), on whose judgment, in matters of taste or opinion, I strongly rely, requesting him to review the work His opinion is appended:

SILVER SPRINGS, March 2d, 1859.

FRIEND STABLER

The perusal of the manuscript memoir of the old Hunter who began his career more than half a century ago—and who now, on the verge of 80, is preparing for another bear campaign, gave me delight instead of labor. I advise its publication, just as given with his own sturdy pen, barely correcting the grammatical errors with which it abounds. Indeed, these mistakes give such proof of the difficulty with which, as an author, this man of the wilderness had to contend, and they are so thoroughly redeemed by the good sense, good feeling, the rustic humor of the narrator, and the interest of his story, that I would prefer to let these blemishes stand, but that this age of uni- versal scholarship is so fastidious about correct spelling and making verbs and their nominatives agree. As a striking picture of the trying life which creates the character of an American backwoodsman, the face of the autograph and the peculiar phraseology (giving evidence throughout of a struggle with literature, yet making it subservient oy the power of intellect), has somewhat the effect of the harsh Scotch dialect in giving force to expression in our language. When our race of hardy pioneers is gone, I think this original work of the

1 A

viii INTRODUCTION.

Bear Hunter's penmanship would have a value that should preserve it in some public museum. The short and simple annals of the poor" were never better told, nor the difficulties and dangers which beset them in struggling into civilization in the midst of a wilderness, were never more graphically portrayed than in this black-letter manuscript.

If the public could make the acquaintance of Mr. Browning, as we did, in the midst of the mountain region in which he has lived from youth to age, it would add such a charm to his memoir, that I am sure it would be universally read. Found in the midst of a com- munity which had risen around him in the course of three-quarters of a century, he was still the prominent figure among a host of strong-minded, stalwart mountaineers, among whom his own progeny, numbering more than an hundred intelligent, athletic men, and beautiful women, were conspicuous. In this region, so prolific of strong-minded and able bodied men, old Mr. Browning, the son of the subaltern English soldier who escaped from Braddock's battle, and nestled in the neighborhood below the Alleganies, still holds pre- eminence, and yet he seems insensible of it.

He is the hero of every man's conversation in his mountain repub- lic, but, ever of his own; and although he embodies in his own life- time all its history, he makes a modest cital of himself in connection with it. Like old Nestor among the younger Greek chiefs, who all are willing to defer to his experience, wisdom, and eloquence, he chooses to defer to them in importance; and is, even in "narrative old age," the most striking instance of modest courtesy in waiving its privileges I have ever known. His own adventures as a hunter are often called out from him in social circles to renew the interest of early savage scenes which civilized life is now rendering tame; and no one has a happier vein in talk to give a living image to the eye.

It is the enjoyment derived by his neighbors from this faculty, and the knowledge of his probity and truth, that induced them to urge the attempt of perpetuating the story of his life in print. If it had been taken from his lips by a practised writer, his memoir might have had much greater attraction than as now given by his untaught laboring pen, which arrests the happy flow of recital; but even as it is, the public will find the impress of genius, of truth, of good

INTRODUCTION. ix

feeling and happy humor, however veiled in the medium of convey- ance, to recommend the work of this illiterate man.

Sincerely your friend,

F. P. BLAIR.

During a more recent visit to the mountains, I met with ray friend Judge Thomas Perry, of the Fourth Judicial District of this State—a gentleman not more widely known than he is universally esteemed and respected. Long personally acquainted with the author, and familiar with the recital of many of the startling scenes narrated by him, the judge promptly and most cheerfully offered to reply in writing to any queries I might propound to him —he being then engaged on the Bench. I am well aware that no letter or certificate will add to the fair fame of the author where he is known; but it is inserted as the free- will offering of the writer, and with the kindest motives for the benefit of an old and valued friend.

CUMBERLAND, MD., March 7, 1859.

DEAR SIR:

Your note of this day has been received, and I with pleasure reply to your inquiries. I have been acquainted with Meshach Browning from my infancy, and I have never known of anything to impair his character.

I have the greatest confidence in his veracity, and you can rely upon any statement he has made, or may make. In this community, where he is well known, no one doubts the truth of the many inter- esting incidents narrated by him.

Respectfully yours,

THOMAS PERRY.

TO EDWARD STABLER, ESQ.

This letter, comprehensive and complete within itself, is all that appears necessary to perfect the "Introduction."

x INTRODUCTION.

To live far beyond the usual period allotted to man— "three score years and ten"—and receive the commenda- tion, "I have never known of anything to impair his character," is a legacy which should be more highly prized by the descendants of an author, or indeed of any one. than silver and gold.

EDWARD STABLER.

HAREWOOD, MD, 1859.

NOTE.—After the work was in press, the following unsolicited letter was received from a prominent citizen of Allegany county—

viz.:

ACCIDENT, ALLEGANY COUNTY, MD., March 30, 1859.

E. STABLER, Esq.

DEAR SIR:—I have seen in the public prints, sketches of the life and adventures of Meshach Browning, for forty-four years a hunter in the Allegany Mountains; and understand that you are about to have his memoir printed, and published in book form. I beg leave to say to you, and to the public, that I have been person- ally acquainted with Mr. Browning for twenty-five years, and know him to be a man of sterling integrity ; and that he is entitled to receive at the hands of the public full credit for every word that he has written.

This work is the narration of facts as they occurred; and having spent a great portion of his life in camps, erected in the wilderness for the purpose of hunting, many things may appear strange, and almost miraculous, to those who are not acquainted with a hunter's life; yet they are nevertheless true, and can be vouched for. Mr. Browning was among the first settlers here, and is one of Nature's noblest works.

Impatiently waiting the publication of this work,

I am, dear sir, yours very truly,

RICHARD FAIRHALL.

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S.

—————————

CHAPTER I.

Birth and Parentage—Difficulties of his widowed Mother—Moves to the West—Ac cident on the Road—Settles on Flintstone—Induced by an Aunt, John Spurgin's wife, to leave the maternal roof—Removes to Allegany County, and settles in a small Cabin—Great abundance of Game — Again removes, with his Uncle, to Mo- nongahela County, Virginia—Then again back to the " Blooming Rose "—Becomes acquainted with Mary McMullen, his future Wife—Goes one quarter to School, being all his Education—Falls in love with Mary—Goes to see her at night, and the old man, her Father, sets the Dog on him, supposing him to be a prowling Wolf—Ludicrous scene in escaping—Aunt has an Heir, after twenty years' mar- riage, and treats the Author unkindly—First success in Deer-Hunting—Aunt, in an ill-humor, strikes him with a heavy wooden Shovel—Leaves his Uncle and Aunt—Goes Hunting again, and kills a tine Buck, but gets his Feet nearly Frozen —Takes leave of his Betrothed—Both much affected……………………………………..

CHAPTER II.

Starts for Wheeling, and reaches his Uncle James Spurgin's—Good Advice by Uncle, suited to all Young Men—Determines to be guided by it—Continues his Journey—Reaches Union Town—Meets with his Grandfather, and also his Mo- ther—Affecting Interview — Relates the bad usage of his Aunt—Spends a week there—Meets with General Bigg—Good Rifle-shooting—The General wishes him to go to Ohio — Declines going—Reaches Wheeling, and is hired by John Caldwell —Gets acquainted with Daughter Nancy— His first Bear Hunt — Nancy describes an Indian Attack—Old Lady does not treat him kindly—Stays four months — Leaves, to the regret of the family — Misfortunes of Caldwell's family……………….

CHAPTER III.

Returns to his Mother's—Is employed by Mr. Foot, at a dollar a day, to shoot Squir-

rels in his Corn-field — Shoots nine days, killing hundreds- Goes to see his Be-

trothed at "Blooming Rose" —Interesting meeting — Engagement, but to wait

until older — Has a hunt and Trout-fishing with Uncle Spurgin — Good success—

1 * ( xi )

xii T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S .

Meets Mary at Uncle's — Accompanies her nearly home, with a dozen fine Trout and some Venison — Fear of her Father — Removed near the McMullen's — Goes Hunting, and kills a Panther, measuring eleven feet three inches— .Marries Mary at eighteen, in the year 1799—Roughly treated by her Father— Actually turned out of doors — Mary's noble conduct and Christian spirit — Affecting Incidents Poverty in setting out in life — Succeeds in shooting a Wild Turkey and trapping a Bear their first Meat…….. ……………………………...…………………………………

CHAPTER IV.

Sells his Rifle to procure a Cow — Procures another, and takes a Bear Hunt — Kills one after a desperate Fight, and stabbing him several times — Author and Mary go for Chestnuts — Dogs start a Bear — Whipped by Dogs, and is shot in a Tree — Hunting for a Colt, finds a very large Bear Track — Pursues him and kills him — Another Hunt — Kills a fine Bear after an exciting Chase — Kills a large Buck — Another Hunt, and kills two Bucks — Takes a Hunt on Negro Mountain — Kills a small Buck and a Bear — Hunting Season ended — In February took the Dogs to have a Fox Chase — Finds a Wolf Track — Pursues and kills him — Scalp worth eight dollars premium — False Claimant for his little Property — But, fearing a law-suit, gives it up — Removes to the Glades — Settles in un old Cabin, partly torn down by Hunters — Finds a Rattlesnake in the House — Another found near the House — Mary goes for Water to the Spring, and starts five Wolves — Beautiful Appearance of the Glades — Watches a Deer lick — But kills a Bear — Repairs Cabin — Mary and Sister Jane go Trout fishing — Kills a Bear on the Way — Serious Accident — Col. John Lynn — His noble Character — Wm. Hoye and James Drane, kind neighbors — Goes Hunting and kills two Deer before Breakfast — Hunts again, and is lost in the Woods — Made a fire, and laid between two Logs — Snowing and hailing all Night — Kills a Bear next morning— Joke about a deviled Turkey — Starts for Camp to hunt — Kills a Bear, but had to sleep in the Woods — Hunts with Hugh McMullen — Dogs tree a Bear — Comes down the Tree, and is killed with the Knife while fighting the Dogs — One of the Dogs crippled — Kills nine Wild Turkeys in an hour or two — Finds Game in the Rocks, supposed a Bear — Sends Dog in the Den, and out bounds a Panther — Threatens an attack, but is killed — Next day kills a fine Buck Goes after Coons, but starts a Bear and kills him — Ran a Bear near to Col. Lynn's, and killed him in presence of Gen. Lee, a Revolutionary Officer — Kills a Buck asleep — Mode of packing Bear on a Horse — Desperate Fight with Bear and Cubs — Killed two — Same Hunt killed two more — Wolf kills a Heifer — Kills the Wolf — Scalp and Skin worth two Calves — Kills a Bear on a Hog — Hunts on a Wager — Killed three Bears, one Back, and two Turkeys ……………………………..

CHAPTER V.

Desperate Fight with a Bear in a Den — Kills him — Measures six inches of clear Fat — Dog badly wounded — Went after Turkeys, but killed a Bear — Van Sickle's ludicrous Turkey Race — Kills an old Bear and three Cubs — Kills another Bear on a Hon, in sight of his Cabin — Sells his Property to Dr. Brooke, and loses

TABLE OF CONTENTS. xiii

nearly all — Mary's firmness and decision of Character — Family nearly broken

up— Buys some Powder and Lead on Credit — lie desponds, but goes to the Woods

— Kills three Bears in about four hours………………………………………………..…

CHAPTER VI

Visits the Camp— Exciting time with Wolves— Kills one — Kills a Bear at the Hole — Buys fifty acres of Land, all in Forest — In the mean time, Parents and four Children live in a House ten by twelve feet — Makes Sugar from the Maple — Mary has a Paralytic Stroke — Gloomy prospect — House to build, Ground to be cleared, and Mary's case pronounced hopeless— Colonel Lynn calls to see him — Through his kind aid, Mary is restored to Health-— Noble act of Generosity by Colonel Lynn to an Enemy — Sets a Bear-Trap — Soon catches two bears — Has a severe attack of Rheumatism, lasting three months — On recovering, sets off after a very large Bear — After a desperate Fight, kills him — Has to camp out — Finds a Bear in the Rocks — Smokes him out, and kills him — Hunts with four Hunters in the Glades — makes a Bet to kill two Deer — Decoys a Deer — Kills five Deer, and wins the Bet……………………………………………………………………………………………...…..

CHAPTER VII.

Hunts with John and Charles Friend in the Glades — Finds a Bear in a Den — Au- thor enters the Den with Candle and Rifle — Tries to coax him out— Goes in again, and shoots him — Returns a third time into the Den. and kills him with another shot in the Head — Finds another Bear in a Hole or Den — Enters with Candle and Rifle — Shoots, and wounds the Bear— Sets his own Hair on Fire — Returns into the Den, fires again, and kills the Bear — Remarks on the Danger — Has another attack of Rheumatism, which lasts three months — War with England in 1812 — Drafted as Sergeant — Thrown into the Ranks, and refuses to go — Reflections on following bad Counsels — Captain's Commission sent to him — Visits Selby's-Port — Is attacked by a Crowd, and has a desperate Fight — Is nearly killed, but comes off victorious — Hunts again — In a week, kills four Deer and two Bears — Visits Ohio, to view the Country — Returns, and buys more Land — Has another long attack of Rheumatism — Recovers, and begins Hunting — Takes a load of Venison and Bear-meat to Baltimore — Meets with his Brother Jeremiah at Newmarket, whom he had not seen for thirty years — Clears $300 by the trip — Builds a Mill………………………………………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER VIII.

Takes up Land — Difficulty about Titles — Hunts on Meadow Mountain for Bears Kills two Bears and a Panther — Exciting Fight with a Bear — Finds a Deer killed by a panther — Pursues, and, after a long chase, kills him, in the act of springing the hunters — Eating Opossum for Duck— Takes a Hunt with two Companions — Breaks his Rifle, but kills a Bear and a Buck with the broken Gun — Sends the Meat home — Finds Tracks of four Bears — Kills three of them — Four Friends

xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS.

come to hunt — Off to the Woods— Pair off, leaving Author to hunt alone — They select their own Ground — Author finds Bears playing — Kills two, hunts on, and kills three more ; making five Bears in about three hours — The Company stay three days longer — Kill no Bears, and but little other Game……………………………

CHAPTER IX.

Goes to Meadow Mountain, with his son William, to hunt Bears — Chases an enor- mous Bear — Outruns the Dogs, and gets off— Finds another, and, to walk without noise, takes to the Water — Bear comes within five steps, when he kills him — A week later, hunts on the same Ground — Wounds a large Bear — Desperate Fight with Bear and Dogs — Has to stab him seven times to save the Dog's life — Bear strikes as he runs to stab him, catches his Pants, and pitches him Heels over Head — Courage of Dog when nearly killed — Continues the Hunt, and kills ano- ther Bear and a Wild Turkey — Camps in the Woods — Goes to the Green Glades to; make hay and hunt — Mode of Glade hunting — Feeding Stock in Glades — Bear- fight with lame Dog — Fight between two Panthers in a Laurel-swamp — Seta a Trap for Wolves, and catches a Bear — Fight with him, and kills him by' stabbing — Picking Chestnuts under the same Tree with a full-grown Bear — Kills him — On the way home, kills another Bear and a fine Buck — In the Spring, hunts for Bears— Finds an old Bear and two Cubs — After a hard Fight, kills them all — Ed- low meets him at Camp — Hunt next morning — Sees an old Bear playing — Waits to see the Fun, then shoots — Bear has a hard Fight with the Dogs — Difficulty in building a Barn — Hunts at Little Crossings — Kills three Deer — Camps in the Woods — At night a Wolf Comes to Camp — Kills him in the morning — Catches three Bears at one fall of a Trap — Kills a fine Buck the same morning — Hunts with George Riley— Sees four Deer, and kills them all — Next day, a fine hunting Snow — Kills six Deer — Goes out, and kills two Deer before Breakfast — Desperate Fight with a wounded Buck in Yough. River ………………………..………………….…...

CHAPTER X.

Hunts with Daniel McHenry — In going, kills a Deer and three Bears — Uses Du- pont's Cannister- Powder — Rifle nearly kicks him over — Camps in the Snow — Fine Supper of roasted Bear-meat — McHenry's Death — Goes to North Branch with his Son, John Lynn, to hunt and also examine the Ground — Camps in thick Laurel —Catastrophe — Dwelling consumed and two Grandchildren burned to death — Again visits the Potomac, with his two sons, John Lynn and James Browning — Gets lost in the Woods — Rough time — Has to camp out in Rain and Snow — Hair sticks fast to the Pitch or Turpentine — Uncomfortable fix — Fasts three days — Is Found by the Boys, and leaves for Home — Hunts with Enlow — Kills one Deer — Dangerous Ford over the River — Hunts on Cherry-Tree Meadow — Finds a Pan- ther's Track going into the Laurel — Treed by a Dog — Kills it — Finds the Ball in the Panther's Scalp — Beats it round, and kills a large Buck with the same Ball, having no others …. ………………………………………………………………..……………

TABLE OF CONTENTS. xv

CHAPTER XI.

Sets a Steel-trap for Wolves — Catches a Panther in it — Panther fights the Dogs — Finds other Tracks in the Snow — Pursues and kills two more — Finds another Panther's Track — Pursues it many miles, when be trees him — Shoots, and wounds him — Most desperate Fight between Hunter, Dog, and Panther— Dog loses an Eye — Another Panther-chase — Follows him from thirty-five to forty miles before killing him — Returning Home, finds a Panther's Track — Follows it into the Laurels — Cunning of the Panther to elude pursuit — Treed by the Dog — Sheets, and wounds him — Hard Fight between the Dog and Panther — Is Killed by an- other shot — Hunts again on the Potomac, with Hugh McMullen — Kills three Deer, and camps in the Snow — Feet frozen — Returns to " Milk and Honey," and hunts eight days— Kills thirteen Deer and a Catamount — Exciting Bear-fight, and Mr. Wable — His great Fright………………………………………………………………...

CHAPTER XII.

Finds an old Bear and Cubs in the Trap — Shoots her and one Cub— Takes two Cuba home— Their Docility — Raises one, the other escapes — Mary sends the Author to Hunt — Kills five Deer in an afternoon — Parts with his Rifle — No success with his new Gun — Hunts a week, and only kills two Deer — Reflections on outside Ap- pearances — Gets the Rifle in order — Two Bucks fighting— Kills one— Hunts with his son William — Kills three Deer — Dog-fight — Goes to the Glades with two boys to feed the Stock — Very Cold, and Snow on the ground — In two days, kills eight deer — Next day, kills two Deer, and has a shot at a Wolf—Did not get him — En- low's Hunt — Kills a wounded Bear with his Knife — Kills several Deer — They hunt at Cherry-Tree Meadow — Kills a Bear with the Knife, after two shots and hard fighting — Catches a Wolf in a Trap — Kills an old Bear and two Cubs — Makes a Deer-Park — Catches a number of Deer in the deep Snow, and puts them in the Park — Mode of catching them — Has a desperate Fight with a large Buck ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER XIII.

In 1836, hunts with his two sons, William and John Lynn, on Meadow Mountain — Kills a Buck, and finds two Bears in the Trap — Next week, Hunts on the same Ground — Kills a number of Deer — Races with William in Hunting— Kills twenty Deer in one week — Visits Uncle Spurgin, in Preston County, Virginia, to kill some large Bucks, which he could not — Kills two of them in a couple of hours — Hunts ~n Roman Nose — Encounters a large Bear — Wounds him — Dangerous situation —Kills an old Buck, that had baffled all the Hunters — Two Friends come to Hunt — Kills an old Bear and two Cubs — Hunts on Negro Mountain — Kills three fine Bucks within a few steps of each other — Pumpkins and Cream — Hunts at Little Crossings — Kills six deer — Long Chase after the largest — Visits the same Ground, and kills another Buck — Mrs. Cunningham and the Bee-tree — Amusements of the young people — Cold weather — Goes to the Traps — Finds a

xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS.

large Bear in a Trap, killed by another Bear after a desperate battle — Hunts on Deep Creek— Kills two Deer — Goes to Little Crossings — Kills a Buck — Packs the Saddle with the Turkeys killed on the way — Travels some ten to twelve miles — Load weighs eighty-seven pounds — Hunts at " Milk and Honey " with two neigh- bors — Kills three Deer — Abandons the hunt, on account of Rattlesnakes there…………………………………………………………………………………………….….

CHAPTER XIV.

Mary thrown from a Horse— Seriously injured — Causes her Death — Distress and despondency — Time assuages grief — After months, goes to the Hunting-Grounds as a relief, and to procure Meat — Kills a large Bear, hand to hand, with the Knife — Kills two Deer — Is appointed Assessor for Allegany County — Meets with Mrs. Smith, a Widow — After long delay, and great opposition, marries her — She proves a good and affectionate Wife — Watches a Deer-Lick with his Son — Kills two Deer — Hunts Wolves— Kills six — Scalps worth $105— Watches another Lick with his Son, M. A. Browning — Buck-Ague — Kills a Deer — Last Deer killed by the Author — Wife stricken with Palsy — Survives until September, 1857 ……………….

CHAPTER XV.

Describes the Glades — Herding, and bad effects on Grass and Game — Early Settlers — Mode of living — Hospitality of the Hunters — Voting — Story of Mr. Steward- Describes the wild Animals of the Mountains — Bears, Wolves, and Panthers — Rattlesnakes — Can charm Birds — Horse bitten by one — Dies in great agony — Are killed by their own Bite — Experiment with one — One skinned alive — Attacks a Rattlesnake on Yough. River — It fights on Water as well as on Land — Hangs one — Kills eighty-four at a Den — Their Fangs and Poison — Remedies for the Bite — Mode of training Hunting-Dogs — Trout-Fishing, Baits, etc……………………...…..

CHAPTER XVI.

Mode of trapping Bears, Wolves, Panthers, and Otters — Describes a Bear-trap, or Pen — Shooting Deer by Fire-Light — Shooting Deer at a lick — Making an artificial Lick — Natural History of the Deer — A general Description of Alle- gany County— The Mountains—Rivers—Soil— Productions— Climate- Timber— Coal — Iron-ore —-Water-power……………………………………………………………….

FORTY-FOUR YEARS

OF

A H U N T E R'S L I F E

————————

CHAPTER I.

Birth and Parentage — Difficulties of his widowed Mother — Moves to the West — Accident on the Road — Settles on the Flintstone — Induced by an aunt, John Spurgin's wife, to leave the maternal roof — Removes to Alleghany County, and settles in a small Cabin— Great abundance of Game — Again removes with his uncle to Monongahela County, Va.— Then again back to the Blooming Rose — Becomes acquainted with Mary McMullen, his future wife — Goes one quarter to School, being all his Education — Falls in love with Mary — Goes to see her at night, and the old man, her father, sets the dog on him, supposing him to be a prowling Wolf — Ludicrous scene in escaping — Aunt has an Heir, after twenty years' Marriage, and treats the Author unkindly — First success in Deer Hunting — Aunt in an ill-humor strikes him with a heavy wooden shovel — Leaves his Uncle and Aunt — Goes hunting again, and kills a fine Buck, but his feet nearly frozen — Takes leave of his Betrothed — Both much affected.

I WAS born in Frederick County, in the State of Mary- land, in the year of our Lord 1781. My father's name was Joshua Browning, and my mother's name was Nancy. He was a farmer with limited means, and, with his wife, resided on a small farm; having little to recommend them in this world but an unsullied name, and known only as being strictly honest, industrious, and truthful.

They lived a happy life together until they had four children—one daughter named Dorcas, and three sons, Joshua, Jeremiah, and myself, called Meshach. My mother became a widow when I was an infant of two weeks old; and, after the business of the estate was settled,

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14 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

there was but a trifle left for the support of the little family; and she was obliged to maintain herself and chil- dren as best she could.

But it does seem to me, that when persons are left in such distress, that kind Providence has always something in store to supply their necessities, as was the case in this instance.

My mother's friends had all gone to the West, then so called,—I mean to the western part of Washington County, and had settled on the Flintstone and on Hurley's Branch, now in Alleghany County. But to follow them she had not the means. The next thing was, her neigh- bors advised her to put out her children to good places, and then she could see and attend to them. But this she refused to do, until she should try to keep them herself. But before she had rented a house and garden, she did consent to let a Mr. Aaron Lee have Jeremiah, to keep him until he was twenty-one years old.

Often and long did she rue that unthoughtful transaction. And it turned out that she never could, nor ever did gel him home; he lived with that family until he was 16 or 17 years old, when he quit his place to shift for himself; but not before mother and the other three children left that country, and had gone to the West.

Mother managed by dint of industry and economy, with what my sister and Joshua could help, to keep us as well as other poor children; and sent sister to school one quarter, in which time she learned to spell and read a little in her primer. They worked together in the gar- den, and raised plenty of vegetables; and by spinning, sewing, and knitting, in which sister began to be helpful, they got along through three or four years. My mother was a woman of a medium height, strong and determined, but of very tender heart—rash when angry, out soon over, and kind again.

She continued in this situation until she found we were

A HUNTER'S LIFE 15

making nothing, and my sister was 16 or 17 years old, when a young man by the name of James Harvey then addressed her, and they were married, much against my mother's will. Then it was that she determined to leave Frederick county, and go out to the backwoods. Shortly after, she wrote to her friends in the West that she wished to move out to them; and a brother-in-law of hers ar- ranged to get a Mr. Jacobs, who lived in Oldtown, as he was coming from Baltimore with goods, to take our things in his wagon and help us as far as Oldtown, within a few miles of his house; and in a few days Mr. Jacobs's wagoner, a large negro, called on us to go to the backwoods, then so called. We hurried and bustled into the wagon, while Joshua was sent to Mr. Lee's for Jeremiah to accompany us; but, to our great disappoint- ment and grief, he was not to be found. Having our property all in the wagon, off went the horses, with whip cracking, mother crying, negro cursing and swearing, until we were in the main road to Frederick—then the insolent negro became quiet; and an old man met us with another horse, to help out with our too heavy load.

We went on in good order until we reached Sideling Hill, where the road was very rough and rocky : by and by we arrived at a very sideling place, with a considerable precipice on our left—the wheels struck a rock on the other side, and away went wagon, horses, and all down the hill, rolling and smashing barrels of rum, hogsheads of sugar, sacks of salt, boxes of dry-goods, all tumbling through one another, smashing the bed of the wagon, and spilling rum, molasses, sugar, and all.

My frightened mother called out, "Where is Meshach?" —knowing that I was riding in the wagon when it turned the dreadful somerset. All was bustle and alarm, until at length I was found under some straw and rubbish, stunned, breathless, mangled, and black with suffocation.

16 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

Here was despair and weeping from a mother, in a dense wood, with no help but her little Joshua, the old man, and that hateful negro. The wagon was broken to pieces, the left hind-wheel smashed, and entirely useless. The man applied the spilling rum to use in handful, until life began to return; and as mother saw hopes of my return- ing to her bosom again, she became quieted.

The loading was found to be greatly damaged, with the loss of two barrels of rum, and a great quantity of sugar mixed with dirt and trash. The next task was to prepare some shelter for the night, and in the meantime to mend the broken wheel: it was, however, soon found that the wheel was so badly broken that it could not be mended; and then it was that the old gentleman struck on the fol- lowing plan: he told the negro to cut down a small tree, put the butt on the foremost axle-tree, leave the top end on the ground, and lash the axle-tree fast on the dragging tree. Thus we made a substitute for the broken wheel. By this time night had come on us; a large fire was made, and my mother took her place by the root of a tree, with Joshua by her side, who was about twelve years old, and myself in her arms: she has often told me that she never closed her eyes until day-light appeared next morning; when we made a breakfast of bread, cheese, and molasses gathered from the smashed barrels, and flat and hollowing stones, where it was in puddles.

This hasty breakfast done, and everything made ready, the whip cracked again, and off we started, Joshua walk- ing and my mother carrying me on her back: we had twelve or fifteen miles to travel before we would be in Oldtown. We proceeded on our journey slowly, reached our destination, and found ourselves in Oldtown. Mother much fatigued, worn down, and in low spirits; the wagon, old gentleman, and negro all gone off, and we three left alone in a strange country. But in the morning a neigh-

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 17

bouring gentleman to her mother-in-law, whose name was Joseph Robinett, came by chance into the village to trade; and mother by some means found that he lived near her sister, and prevailed on him to assist her in getting me along to her friends; which place we reached a little after noon. Here we are at Hurley's Branch, and among our friends.

We remained here two or three weeks, until my wounds and bruises were well, or nearly so, when we went to my grandfather's, on the head-waters of the Flintstone, and remained during that fall and winter. The spring follow- ing, mother's friends took her to a small piece of vacant land that was too small to attract the notice of others, and no person had any claim to it: it was very good soil, and something over twenty acres. Here her friends built her up a neat little cabin, and placed herself and her children in it; and we then had a snug home of our own.

In a few weeks our sister came to us, having lost her husband, Mr. Harvey, who died the same winter we left Frederick county. She joined us, and to work went all hands; Joshua and mother to chopping and grubbing, and sister to picking up and burning the grubs and trash that lay over the ground; and soon they had four acres cleared off, and ready for planting corn. This done, they went into it altogether; dug holes for the hills of corn to be planted in, and planted as they went; and when they were done making holes, they were done planting also; and had filled with pumpkins, cucumbers, and such things as they knew would be useful for the table. Their friends helped, and soon it was under a good fence: then when the corn came out of the ground, all hands went into it, and cleaned out all the weeds, and dug up the ground between the hills and in that way they raised nearly one hundred bushels of corn.

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At this time I had an aunt living near, who was always teasing mother to let me stay with her for company for her, as she had no children. And at last mother yielded and let me go with her; and I staid one summer with her and her husband, whose name was John Spurgin He was a good-natured, kind man, but neglectful, lazy, and unlearned: they made it their aim to seduce me from my mother's love and from my home, and take up my home with them; but took good care not to let mother get the least knowledge of their interested design.

They had me so well into their scheme, that I was ready for any movement they might wish me to undertake. So, in September, they had all things in readiness, and a young man to assist in driving their cattle and horses: they then proposed to me to go with them into the prettiest country in the world; and that I should be their adopted son, and all the cattle and horses we could raise should be mine; and that I could stand in the door and see the pretty deer sporting and playing in the glades; and as soon as I was big enough to shoot, I should have a nice rifle to shoot those deer.

Fired with such prospects of sport, I was ready and willing to undertake the journey forthwith. I was put to bed, and told to go to sleep, and they would wake me before day, and take an early start, so that my mother should have no chance of stopping me. Sure enough, I was awakened a long time before day-light; all was ready for a move, with three horses loaded, and the young man Boon had the cattle ready to follow the horses. I was put on one horse, my aunt on another, and uncle drove the third; aunt in the lead. Off we went, as still as possible, that our movements should not be known to my mother until we would be sufficiently out of her power. On we went, without noise, over the mountains towards Cum- berland; and, as the sun began to show its beautiful

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 19

reflection on the high top of the Dan Mountain, westward of the town, we arrived in sight of the valley in which the town was situated. Here was a new scene to me entirely. The whole valley was covered with a dense fog —nothing was to be seen but the high tops of the west- ern mountains, with here and there stripes of sun-light; whilst all around was in uproar, with cows bellowing, calves bleating, dogs barking, cocks crowing, and, in short, all sorts of noises. The fog was so heavy that I could not see any object until within a few paces of it. Here we halted for our breakfast. By that time the sun had driven away all the misty clouds, and the town was in plain view; and I think that there were not more than twenty or thirty houses, and they mostly cabins, sur- rounded by large corn-fields, containing heavy crops of corn.

Breakfast over, we resumed our march for the new country before us : on, on we went ; and in the evening we found ourselves at the Little Crossings; here we halted for the night; the horses and cows were taken to pasture, for few houses of entertainment in those times kept oats or grain of any kind for feeding purposes, in summer, but depended altogether on grass. Supper being ready, we partook with others of a welcome meal, made up of buckwheat cakes, fresh fine butter, delicious honey-combs, venison steak, as also some fine jerk,* and sweet milk, of which we all took a good share.

We had our own bedding with us, which we laid down on the floor, and prepared for resting our tired limbs : soon we were down and sound asleep. The morning came, with a prospect of a good day; and, by the time I could see to walk, I was called up to fetch the cows, while my uncle saddled the horses, and got ready for breakfast.

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* Jerk: this is the fleshy part of the venison, sliced thin, salted, and dried over hot coals till cured : it is excellent eating.

20 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

All this being done, and breakfast over, we bid good-bye to Little Crossings, and took the road again for the "Blooming Rose:" this place is a large tract of land, so called in consequence of the great variety of beautiful flowers that adorned the whole tract; and that part of Alleghany county is still known by that name. We tra- velled without halting, save to water our beasts, until late in the afternoon, when we arrived at the residence of my uncle's father.

Here we baited for a month or two, until uncle should seek a home away in the glades of the Buffalo Marsh, where I was to see so many beautiful sights. After a long time of anxious delay, as I thought, and after two or three different visits to the intended home, he at last determined to make a start for it, much to my joy and satisfaction. This day brought us to a home entirely up to my greatest expectations; for then, although late in October, there was great abundance of pasture for our stock, and uncle had cut plenty of wild grass, the summer before, for all our stock through the coming winter; and we had an excellent log-cabin to live in. This cabin had been the residence of an old hunter, whose name was Augustian Friend, or "Old Teen Friend," as he was called. He had squatted there, to hunt in those beautiful glades and the surrounding mountains; and he had left here to go on the Cheat River, to settle on a new place, where no other hunters would interfere with him. He left a fine potato patch and garden, which we took pos- session of as our own, and no person objected to our claiming the premises.

Here we were in the place I had so long been looking for, with so much anxiety; and I must say that what my uncle had told me as a truth was fully realized; for the country abounded with deer, bears, panthers, wolves, wild cats, catamounts, wild turkeys, foxes, rabbits, phea-

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 21

sants, partridges, wild bees, and in all the streams trout without number.

October being the beginning of the hunting season, my uncle commenced his task of laying in the winter's provi- sions: some days he would hunt for deer, other days for bees; and, as ho was most successful in bee-hunting, he spent more of his time in hunting bees than he did in pursuing the deer. Soon our table was abundantly sup- plied with venison and honey; and the high, fresh tame grass caused our cows to give large quantities of milk, from which aunt, who was a very industrious woman, made plenty of butter; and frequently a fat turkey being added to our table store, we began to think that there was not such a place to be found in all creation.

Things went on well enough until the news came to us that General St. Clair's whole army had been defeated and cut to pieces. This was such frightening news, that aunt was almost ready to leave all, and seek some better place of safety; and indeed I believe uncle too was a little frightened. Be that as it may, he continued but a short time until he took up his march again for the "Blooming Rose." In that neighbourhood there were some thirty or forty families, who were not so easily frightened. Here we continued until the next spring, being 1792; when uncle moved into Monongahela county, in Virginia, to a brother that he had living there. His name was James Spurgin : he was a business man, yet without any educa- tion, but managed his business well, and soon became a wealthy man. Those two married sisters, who were also sisters to my mother.

Here we all lived on the same farm. Uncle James's family consisted of five children, two sons and three daughters, of whom I became dotingly fond; and when our family left theirs, I was sorely afflicted. We did not

22 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

move more than two miles apart, and I was allowed to visit often. It gave me great joy to meet them, more especially the second daughter, who was about my age. So things continued, until uncle became restless, and, wishing to have another new home, determined to go back to the Blooming Rose again. This was a hard trial for me. I had all my playmates, and, the worst of all, my sweet cousin to leave. I was, as I thought, in a bad way. I had the cows to drive, and I got them in front, and pushed them hard, so that I could give vent to my feel- ings, for I was ashamed to be seen crying in the road. But by and by we arrived at our journey's end. Here I was a stranger to everybody, and of course kept close at home for at least a month or two.

Our nearest neighbour was an Irish family by the name of McMullen. They had five children, viz., Mary, Hugh, Jane, John, and Thomas. The father's name was James McMullen, and his wife's name was Rachel. One day another boy and myself were in the woods near the old man's farm, and our dog gave chase to something, we knew not what, and ran it into a hole in the ground. I sent the boy to McMullen's for the loan of a mattock to dig out our game. We soon had the fellow out, and he was a very large ground hog. He gave our dog at least fifteen minutes' hard fighting, and when the battle ended we went to the house to return the mattock. I sent the boy with it, as I was a stranger, and too bashful to be seen in a strange place. When the boy told that the ground hog was out with me, the three oldest children came to see the animal. Mary was then in her twelfth year, and I was six months older. She was a beautiful girl, and I was struck with her beauty, and soon got a small acquaintance with the family. I was at all times ready and willing to do anything that would please the old people. But soon there was a school to be made up,

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 23

and my uncle signed me for three months, and, to my great pleasure, Mr. McMullen signed Mary and Hugh. This was just as I wished it to be, for they had to pass by our house on their way to and from school. In a short time they came, and off' we went together, all merry and play- ful. All was as it should be for weeks and weeks, while I done everything I could to get into her favor, until the school broke up, for which I was very sorry.

I had learned finely, and Mary had taken every oppor- tunity to assist me in my lessons, for she had been three months at school before the time we commenced together; and when we left school, I could read and write as well as she could. But never did a boy exert himself with more ambition than I did on that occasion, for I was determined to be as fast as herself at all events, and either Mary or I would be at the head of the class almost every night. This caused an intimacy between us that convinced me that my kind attention to her, as well as towards her brother Hugh, had made a very favorable impression on her young heart. I believe that her father had some idea of our friendship getting stronger than he wished to see it, and he took care to keep us at a distance as much as he could; but her mother and all the children were my friends. Mary and myself were at this time about fifteen years old, and had passed many pleasant hours in social pastime, unknown to her father. I would watch his move- ments closely, and, when I knew he would be from home at nights, I would go to see her and the family generally. But I am free to confess that if Mary had not been there, I should have saved myself the trouble of making those visits to the family. This was kept up until I was very nearly found out by her father.

He had gone from home, as I thought, for all night, and I concluded I would see Mary that night once more, and have a chat Off I went, heart in hand, but being?

24 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

afraid her father would come home unexpectedly, and as I dreaded to be found in her company (my fears were more for her than myself), as I was apprehensive that he would treat her badly, and that would be worse than any punish- ment he could inflict on me. In order to be sure he was not at home, I went to the back window and peeped in, and saw the mother and family quietly sitting at work, but no old man. Taking it for granted he was not there, I was about to turn the corner to the door, when, to my utter confusion, "Bow I wow! wow!" barked a large dog, and "Catch him, Prince" screamed the old man. "Heaven and earth! thunder and storm!" thought I to myself, "what now?" As quick as thought could come, I determined to keep the house between us, until I could make a safe retreat. Behind the house I flew, and seeing a flock of sheep lying at a short distance from me, and, having light clothes on, I fell on my hands and feet, and began to gallop as fast as I could into the flock of sheep, hoping the old man would take me to be one of the flock Off went the sheep, the old man screaming at his dog to catch what he took to be a prowling wolf—the sheep and myself both galloping for good life, until I was completely out of the old man's sight. When I found I had succeeded so well, I said to myself, "Clear once more, by gracious, and nothing to brag of! This shall be the last time I will go behind any person's house to see what is in it. I had better have gone in boldly, when I could have made some excuse for being so late, and got off" like a man. But if I had been discovered, Mary would never have heard the last of it," These reflections past, I wiped the sweat off my face, and fixed up my shirt, which had been rearly all drawn up towards my head, by my shoulders being so much lower than my hips in the galloping scrape; and in heaving and bounding forward to keep up with the 'sheep my linen was all round the middle of my body.

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 25

After getting my clothes straight again, I started for home. I told the occurrence to no one, with the excep- tion of Mary, it being so mixed with fun I could not keep it from her. This just suited her, for she was fond of having a joke of that kind, and often when I would be a little hard for her in joking, she would say: "You are fit for nothing but to chase sheep," (and this is to this day a by-word), or, "You are more fitted to chase sheep." No person but she and I, however, knew how it came into use.

This familiarity continued without interruption until my brother Joshua and his wife, with a fine little son four or five months old, came in search of me, as they were tra- velling from the west back to Flintstone. They told me that mother had married her second husband; that the newly married couple, with Joshua and his wife, had moved to the West; that they were going to see her friends at Flintstone; that my mother wished me to come to her, for she had no hopes of ever seeing Jeremiah again; and that my sister had died, and left her with only Joshua and my- self. I had not seen my mother then for six years, and I had a strong desire to visit her; but being persuaded by uncle and aunt to continue still with them, I gave up the journey to my mother's home in the West.

I forgot to mention that my aunt, while living in Monongahela, unexpectedly to everybody, had become the mother of a little daughter, after being married about twenty years. This knocked my nose clear out of joint; for I was soon denounced as lazy, and everything but a good boy. But when my brother called on me to go to my mother, my aunt, to keep me with her, promised to make me as good clothes as Mr. McMullen's children had. This was as good as I wanted, and I agreed to stay and try it a while longer. I was then coming close to my sixteenth year, and Mary the same ; but in a short time after my brother left, I heard nothing more of the new

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26 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

clothes, and aunt got still more and more cross. She had long been in the habit of flogging me very severely, and finding no preparation for my clothes, I hunted coons and wild cats, and sold the fur, which was then in brisk de- mand. I took it into my head to try the deer, and I pro- cured an old rifle that carried an ounce ball. I had been out with other hunters, but they would always do all the shooting.

This time I loaded up my old gun, and set out in great earnest. I travelled about two miles, and found the tracks of a lot of deer. After them I went, and in came another hunter before me, and took the tracks from me. I turned another way, and presently I heard him shoot. "There," said I to myself, "if that rascal had staid at home, that deer would have been mine." But on I went, looking for more deer. By and by, I saw two standing looking at me. I immediately placed my gun against a tree, took aim, and bang went my old gun with deafening sound, till my ears rang; the cause of which was, that having no charger to measure the powder, I had put in enough for at least two loads. As soon as I recovered from the shock, I looked for the deer; and there stood one, looking at the other down and kicking. With the best speed I could make, up I came, with the empty gun in my right hand, and on to the deer I sprang like a panther. But no sooner was I on than I was off again, and sprawled, heels and head, gun and all, in the snow. I drew my knife, left ray gun, and sprang at my game a second time, and succeeded in giving her a fatal cut across the neck, which severed the two large veins, and left her my meat; then looking for the other deer, there it stood, looking at me as if nothing had been going on. I ran for my gun, and found the heat of the barrel had melted the snow all over it; loading was out of the question, until it was well dried, and in the mean- time the deer trotted off.

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 27

I was in high spirits, for all the hunters had often told me that I would miss the first deer I would shoot at. Then to skinning it I went. That done, and the meat se- cured, it was time to start for home. On my way I had to pass Mr. McMullen's house, but I did not see Mary, because I only passed by the barn, where the little boys and a young man were dressing flax, and, their day's work being done, the young man went home with me. When I arrived, my uncle was away from home, and my aunt, as usual, being in a very ill humor, would not speak to me. It was after dark, and I was tired and hungry. At last she said :

"Do you think of getting your supper here to-night?"

"I hope so," I replied.

"Well you will miss it if you do," she answered.

At this time her little daughter had a low stool, one of the legs of which was loose, and often dropped out. I went to sit down on it, when, the leg coming out, I fell back and struck my head against the jam, and hurt myself. Thinking to myself that I would burn that worthless leg and put in a better one, I threw it into the fire; but when the child saw the leg in the flames, she screamed with all her strength. I then pulled it out again without being burned, and gave it to her; but as the little creature had been petted and spoiled, she came slyly to me and struck me in the face with it, when the blood flew out of my nose in an instant. I immediately slapped her on the head, and the next minute was sorry that I had done it. As aunt had seen me strike the child, she took a heavy wooden shovel and made a blow at my head; but luckily it struck me flatway and broke to splinters. I recovered from the blow, and shut my fist to knock her down; but Providence sent the young man to save me from the disgrace of strik- ing a woman—an act which I have ever since kept clear of. I then told old aunty that it would be the last blow

28 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

she would give me; and it was so; for from that time, being determined to stay no longer with them, 1 began to think of going to the West. Bat the tug was to leave my little Mary, who was then growing into womanhood very fast.

After a struggle of two or three weeks, I came to the conclusion that Mary McMullen could not leave her home to go with one who had not a dollar, and that she and I were altogether too young to marry. Yet I determined to see her, and let her know my whole intention. Accord- ingly, the old man being from home, I spent one sweet evening in social chat, and told her all I intended to do. She tried to keep a firm countenance, but I saw clearly that she felt as much at heart as I did; for when I took her hand, perhaps for a last farewell, I saw her soft, rising bosom swell with emotion, as she said, " Good-bye, Me- shach; I wish you good luck, and a safe and speedy re- turn;" for I had told her that, could I make money to keep me along right well, I would come back, some time or other, to see all my friends again. So saying, we parted for that night, with the promise to see each other again before I ook my leave of her and all my other acquaint- ances in Allegany. I staid all night, as I was assured the old gentleman would not return during that time. I slept but little, thinking of my adventurous undertaking. The next morning, at breakfast, the day of my departure was spoken of, when I named the second day after ; which was objected to by Mary, because it was Friday, and was said to be an unlucky day to commence any important business. She said she thought my leaving my native re- sidence to go into a strange country was of the highest importance; and I imagined I could see in her counte- nance strong emotions of the heart—for she very soon left the table and went into the kitchen. I made a light break- fast, too; and when Mary returned it was agreed that the

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 29

following Thursday should be the day when I would leave Allegany; which allowed me six days to bid farewell to all my friends.

I then left this much esteemed family, intending to visit some other playmates and acquaintances. A friend pro- posed a deer-hunt, there being a fine tracking snow on the ground, to which I readily agreed, and off we went with dog and gun. After traveling a long time, in the evening we found a large buck. Having but one gun, and that being mine, I took aim, let drive, and off went the buck. We went to where he had stood when I had shot at him, and, from the hair and blood he left in his tracks, we saw he was wounded, and pursued him with rapid steps; for night was coming on We soon found him, for the poor fellow had lain down from excessive pain and loss of blood. As he made off again, we set on our dog, who was trem- bling with eagerness for the chase. Off went Gunner, for that was the dog's name, and we soon heard him at full bay. Who should be up first was then the question to be decided. Jump and jump we went, side by side, till my strength and long wind prevailed, and I ran up first. But in running through the bushes, some snow having fallen on the lock of my gun, wet the powder, and it would not fire. Here we were, with no means of helping poor Gun- ner, or of keeping him from being injured by the buck's sharp horns. At length, while the faithful dog was hold- ing the buck by the nose, I drew my hunting-knife from my belt and made a desperate pitch at the heart of the infuriated beast, which laid him out dead in the creek, where he had expected to be able to defend himself in the water.

My friend and myself were both wet to the knees, and the evening being very cold, it became necessary for us, a.s soon as possible, to make for the nearest house. With all possible haste we skinned the buck and secured the

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30 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

meat, when we started for the place of safety, which was about four miles. On we strode, with long steps, made in as quick succession as possible, until my friend began to complain that his feet were freezing. He swore they would be frozen oft' to his ancles before we could reach any house. I found mine were freezing too, and I waded all the little streams we crossed; but he would not go into any water, for he said he had been in too much already; so on we went, until we came to the house we had aimed for. As soon as the man of the house saw our condition, he brought some fresh spring-water, and put our feet and legs in it for at least an hour, when the frost was drawn out.

We lodged there that night, and found next morning that our feet were swelled and very sore; but from my frequently wetting mine in the little streams, they were not so much injured as his were.

From this time, I visited all my friends, and got ready for my journey west. The night before the appointed Thursday I was bent on spending, at any rate, within sight of little Mary. I determined to commence talk- ing with her in the presence of the whole family. Accord- ingly, I went to the house, and spoke to the old man as respectfully as I knew how; and in a little while he said to me, in a friendly tone. "So, Meshach, you are going to leave us, I heard.

"Yes, sir," was my answer.

"How long do you intend staving ? "

"Perhaps I shall no' return for years, and it may be that I may not come at all."

"Ah! when you get among strangers, you will soon be homesick, and back you will come."

"Well, Mr. McMullen, this is not impossible; but, sir, I assure" you 1 do not think Allegany county will see me soon again."

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 31

I said this in this in the presence of Mary, whom I had pro- mised that I should return again some time or other. I did not mean exactly what I said; but I knew it was what he wished for, and, that in hopes of this being; the last visit I would pay to his house, he would not object to my having a last talk with Mary.

While I talked to the old man, I saw that Mary listened with attention, and I knew what she had in her mind about what I had told her. I watched the old man closely, and presently he began to ask questions of the boys about the horses and the stable, when he took his hat and went out to the barn. This was my time: I whispered to Mary, and informed her I had told her father such a tale, and that I did it in hopes the old man would not be so bad as to prevent me from having an evening talk with her, which I had much desired since I saw her last. I asked her if she would venture to undertake it in the presence of her father? After a little hesitation, she said she could only try it, and if he cut any capers, I must stop short, and wait till another opportunity to see her. This being agreed on, I went to the barn, and helped to feed the stock. It was quite night, dark, and very cold. Well, thought I, let what may come, I will try my luck. So, when I thought the right time had come, with trembling limbs and beating heart, I drew up my chair by the side of Mary, as she sat knitting. I was half-choked with fear;

of the old man, and so much embarrassed, that it was some minutes before I could speak a single word; but to my great satisfaction, the old man went off to bed.

"Stand still, boy," Mary said, with a sweet smile; "what is the matter with you? I believe you are speech- less."

"No, no, Mary," said I; "but I was afraid that your father would turn me out this cold night, and that I would have no chance to see you again before I started to the

32 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

West. It seemed to me that if he had spoken crossly to me I should have fainted on the floor."

This caused her to laugh heartily at my expense, which seemed to make her still more dear to me than she was before. By this time I had got my nerves quieted; and an interesting discourse sprang up concerning our school pastimes, and the great probability of our never enjoying the like pleasures again. By this I fancied I could bring her to an acknowledgment of what I thought I had seen before in her countenance; but, firm to herself, she would not gratify me with any admission of her affection.

However, we spent a very pleasant evening together, and promised to see each other for a parting farewell the next morning. At, or rather before it was light, the old man left home without saying a word to Mary or I. This was pleasing to us both; and I believe the whole family were glad that he was gone, as it gave us time to finish any little thing we had left unsaid the evening before. After breakfast I began to get ready for a start, all the time watching every motion Mary made; but she kept firm till the old lady had made me a present of a fine pair of socks and a beautiful pair of woolen gloves. She told me that she had knit the socks herself, and that Mary had knit the gloves for me; but that she was too bashful to give them to me. Mary was not present when the old lady handed over the very welcome gifts; but she soon appeared again, and helped to stow away my small stock of clothing. This done, I bade good-bye to all but Mary, who said she would accompany me as far as the bars. Off we started for the bars, which were only a few steps from the door, and here we had another long talk, though we both kept off from the subject of marriage; for I really did not intend to return. In our discourse, I told her it would perhaps be a long time before I should be back to

A HUNTER'S LIFE. 33

see her again; and then I expected to see her a married lady.

"No, no," said she; "when you come, if ever you do return, you will find me as you now leave me."

'' Will you promise me that in good earnest ? " said I.

"If you come in five or six years, you shall find me as I am now in every respect."

"Well, Mary," said I, "if something unexpected does not happen to me, I will see you again before the half of that time."

I looked at her, and saw a tear ready to roll from her clear blue eye, and I was compelled to take her hand as quick as possible, to hide my own emotion from her. I grasped her hand, drew her to my bosom, and kissed her: then wheeled from her, and was soon out of sight.

34 FORTY-FOUR YEARS OF

CHAPTER II.

Starts for Wheeling, and reaches his Uncle James Spurgin's—Good Advice by Uncle, suited to all Young Men—Determines to be guided by it—Continues his Journey—Reaches Union Town—Meets with his Grandfather, and also his Mo- ther—Affecting Interview—Relates the bad usage of his Aunt—Spends a week there—Meets with General Riggs—Good Rifle-shooting—The General wishes him to go to Ohio—Declines going—Reaches Wheeling, and is hired by John Caldwell —Gets acquainted with Daughter Nancy—His first Bear Hunt—Nancy described an Indian Attack—Old Lady does not treat him kindly—Stays four months— Leaves, to the regret of the family — Misfortunes of Caldwell's family.