Code Nation

Code Nation
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Описание книги

Code Nation explores the rise of software development as a social, cultural, and technical phenomenon in American history. The movement germinated in government and university labs during the 1950s, gained momentum through corporate and counterculture experiments in the 1960s and 1970s, and became a broad-based computer literacy movement in the 1980s. As personal computing came to the fore, learning to program was transformed by a groundswell of popular enthusiasm, exciting new platforms, and an array of commercial practices that have been further amplified by distributed computing and the Internet. The resulting society can be depicted as a “Code Nation”—a globally-connected world that is saturated with computer technology and enchanted by software and its creation. Code Nation is a new history of personal computing that emphasizes the technical and business challenges that software developers faced when building applications for CP/M, MS-DOS, UNIX, Microsoft Windows, the Apple Macintosh, and other emerging platforms. It is a popular history of computing that explores the experiences of novice computer users, tinkerers, hackers, and power users, as well as the ideals and aspirations of leading computer scientists, engineers, educators, and entrepreneurs. Computer book and magazine publishers also played important, if overlooked, roles in the diffusion of new technical skills, and this book highlights their creative work and influence. Code Nation offers a “behind-the-scenes” look at application and operating-system programming practices, the diversity of historic computer languages, the rise of user communities, early attempts to market PC software, and the origins of “enterprise” computing systems. Code samples and over 80 historic photographs support the text. The book concludes with an assessment of contemporary efforts to teach computational thinking to young people.

Оглавление

Michael J. Halvorson. Code Nation

ACM Books

Code Nation

Contents

Acknowledgments

1How Important is Programming?

1.1Programming Programmingculture Culture

1.2Programminglearning languageLearning a Language

1.3Programmingnew ways of thinkingNew Ways of Thinking

1.4Programmingequity and accessEquity and accessEquity and Access

1.5Programmingpersonal connectionsPersonal connectionsPersonal Connections

1.6Programmingmanifestos of movementManifestos of the Movement

1.7Programmingnew history of personal computingA New History of Personal computingPersonal Computing

2Four Computing Mythologies Computing mythologies

2.1North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Conference on Software Engineering Computing mythologiesNATO Conference on Software Engineering

2.2The Complexity of software Complexity of Software Computing mythologiescomplexity of software

2.3Computing mythologiessystems for customersSystems are Systemfor customers for Customers

2.4Counterculture movementThe Counterculture Movement Computing mythologiescounterculture movement

2.5IntertwingularityEverything is Deeply Intertwingled Computing mythologiesintertwingularity

2.6The Computing mythologiesbirth of computer science Birth of Computer Science Computer science

2.7Computing mythologiescomputers for people Computers for the People

2.8Computing mythologiespersonal computing Personal computing Personal Computing

3FORTRAN, Logo, and the Tower of Babel

3.1Solving Problems with Computers

3.2The Tower of Babel Tower of Babel

3.3High-level languagesHigh-level Languages

3.4Learning FORTRAN

3.5Daniel McCracken’s primersDaniel McCracken’s Primers

3.6Logodesign by Seymour PapertSeymour Papert and Logo

3.7Logodesign by Cynthia SolomonSolomon, CynthiaCynthia Solomon

3.8Logo as a Model for Code Nation

3.9LogoHow successful was Logo?

4Advocating Computer Literacy

4.1Robert Albrecht and the Popularization of movement, Robert Albrecht and Popularization of the Movement Computer literacyRobert Albrecht and popularization of movement

4.2I Speak BASIC programming language BASIC Computer literacyBASIC

4.3The B. F. Skinner approach B. F. Skinner Approach Computer literacyB. F. Skinner approach

4.4Hold Me Closer Tiny BASIC Tiny BASIC Computer literacyTiny BASIC

4.5Luehrmann, ArthurComputer literacyArthur Luehrmann and computer literacy debateArthur Luehrmann and the Computer Literacy Debate

4.6A Blow to the Movement Computer literacyblow to movement

4.7Computer literacyApple Computer’s Education AgendaApple Computer’s Apple ComputerEducation Agenda Education Agenda

4.8Computer literacyapplications over languagesApplications over Languages

5Four Million BASIC programmers BASIC Programmers

5.1Introducing Ahl, David H. David Ahl

5.2A BASIC programmersproliferation of BASICs Proliferation of BASICs

5.3IBMBASICAIBM BASICA

5.4Adventure gamesAdventure Games BASIC programmersadventure games

5.5BASIC programmersstructured programmingStructured programmingStructured Programming

5.6Microsoft Press and Learn BASIC Now

5.7Microsoft Game ShopBASIC programmersMicrosoft Game ShopMicrosoft Game Shop

5.8Visual Basic for Windows

5.9Innovative programming primersBASIC programmersinnovative programming primersProgramming primersinnovativeInnovative Programming Primers

6Power Users, Tinkerers, and Gurus

6.1Computing terminologyComputing Terminology

6.2Personal computers (PCs)tinkering withTinkering with Personal Computers

6.3Batch filesVan Wolverton andWolverton, VanVan Wolverton and Batch Files

6.4The DOS for Dummies PhenomenonDOS guru

6.5The Personal computers (PCs)economic impact Economic Impact of Personal Computers

6.6Cary Lu Introduces the Macintosh

6.7The Waite Group’s Macintosh Primers Waite Group’s Macintosh Primers

6.8Maturing Mac PlatformThe Maturing Mac Platform

7Hackers and Cyberpunks Cyberpunks

7.1Landreth, Billand 1980s Hacker CultureHackersBill Landreth and 1980s Hacker CultureBill Landreth and 1980s Hacker Culture

7.2Milhon, JudeJude Milhon: Cyberpunksfrom civil rights activist toFrom Civil Rights Activist to Cyberpunk

7.3Mondo 2000 and Cyberpunk HandbookThe Cyberpunk Handbook

7.4Cypherpunks Cypherpunks and Cryptography Cryptography

8Computer Magazines and Historical Research

8.1Computer magazinesmagazines and popular culture of computingMagazines and a Popular Culture of Computing Computing culture

8.2Letters from the Programming Community Computer magazinesletters from programming community

8.3New PC Users Computer magazinesnew PC users

8.4Power usersPower Users Computer magazinespower users

8.5Advanced Hobbyists

8.6Computer magazinesprofessional programmersProfessionalprogrammersProfessional Programmers

8.7Computer magazinesnew approaches to historical researchNew Approaches to Historical Research

9Developing for MS-DOS: Authors and Entrepreneurs

9.1MS-DOSnew platforms for commercial softwareNew Platforms for Commercial Software

9.2MS-DOSinside IBM PC with Peter NortonIBM PCswith Peter NortonNorton, PeterIBM PC withInside the IBM PC with Norton, Peter Peter Norton

9.3MS-DOSBorland’s Turbo PascalBorland’s Turbo Pascal language Turbo Pascal

9.4MS-DOSRay Duncan’s advanced MS-DOSRay Duncan’s Advanced MS-DOSAdvanced MS-DOS

9.5MS-DOSEncyclopediaThe MS-DOS Encyclopedia

9.6MS-DOSSample CodeMS-DOS Sample Code

9.7MS-DOStechnology diffusionTechnology Diffusion

10C Programming Nation: From Tiny C to Microsoft Windows

10.1The C Language

10.2Personal computers (PCs)learning C onLearning C on Personal Computers

10.3Academic and Professional Resources

10.4Programming primersCC Programming for the PeopleCfor people

10.5Charles Petzold’s Programming Windows Petzold, CharlesProgramming WindowsProgramming Windows

10.6On Complexity

11“Evangelism is sales done right”: PCs and Commercializationcommercial programming culture Commercial Programming Culture

11.1EvangelismMacintosh WayThe Macintosh Way

11.2EvangelismWest Coast Computer FaireThe West Coast Computer Faire West Coast Computer Faire

11.3COMDEXEvangelismCOMDEX and trade show movementCOMDEX and the Trade Show Movement

11.4Evangelismtrouble with self-taught programmersThe Trouble with Self-taught Programmers

11.5Evangelismsoftware engineering for peopleSoftware Engineering for the People

11.6EvangelismProfessional and Enterprise Development SystemsProfessional Development SystemsProfessional and Enterprise Development Systems Enterprise Development Systems

11.7EvangelismcommercializationCommercializationCommercialization

Afterword: Programming in the Internet Age

Computing Mythologies

The Commercial Internet

Disruption

Hour of Code

Campaigns for Computer Literacy

Author’s Biography. Michael J. Halvorson

Index

Отрывок из книги

Editor in Chief

Sanjiva Prasad, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi

.....

Haitham Hassanieh, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

The Continuing Arms Race: Code-Reuse Attacks and Defenses

.....

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