Welcome to the Genome

Welcome to the Genome
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The popular introduction to the genomic revolution for non-scientists—the revised and updated new edition Welcome to the Genome  is an accessible, up-to-date introduction to genomics—the interdisciplinary field of biology focused on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of an organism's complete set of DNA. Written for non-experts, this user-friendly book explains how genomes are sequenced and explores the discoveries and challenges of this revolutionary technology. Genomics is a mixture of many fields, including not only biology, engineering, computer science, and mathematics, but also social sciences and humanities. This unique guide addresses both the science of genomics and the ethical, moral, and social questions that rise from the technology. There have been many exciting developments in genomics since this book's first publication. Accordingly, the second edition of  Welcome to the Genome  offers substantial new and updated content to reflect recent major advances in genome-level sequencing and analysis, and demonstrates the vast increase in biological knowledge over the past decade. New sections cover next-generation technologies such as Illumina and PacBio sequencing, while expanded chapters discuss controversial ethical and philosophical issues raised by genomic technology, such as direct-to-consumer genetic testing. An essential resource for understanding the still-evolving genomic revolution, this book: Introduces non-scientists to basic molecular principles and illustrates how they are shaping the genomic revolution in medicine, biology, and conservation biology Explores a wide range of topics within the field such as genetic diversity, genome structure, genetic cloning, forensic genetics, and more Includes full-color illustrations and topical examples Presents material in an accessible, user-friendly style, requiring no expertise in genomics Discusses past discoveries, current research, and future possibilities in the field Sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History,  Welcome to the Genome: A User's Guide to the Genetic Past, Present, and Future  is a must-read book for anyone interested in the scientific foundation for understanding the development and evolutionary heritage of all life.

Оглавление

Michael Yudell. Welcome to the Genome

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

WELCOME TO THE GENOME. A User’s Guide to the Genetic Past, Present, and Future

FOREWARD: STILL, THE GENOMIC REVOLUTION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION: WELCOME BACK TO THE GENOME

REFERENCES

1 From Mendel to Molecules

IN THE ABBEY GARDEN

IN THE FLY ROOM

EUGENICS—“PREVAILING SPEEDILY OVER THE LESS SUITABLE”

“A VERITABLE ‘AVALANCHE’ OF NUCLEIC‐ACID RESEARCH”

A STRUCTURAL MILESTONE

REFERENCES

2 The Building Blocks of Gene Sequencing

RESEARCH MILESTONE 1: INVENTION OF DNA SEQUENCING TOOLS

RESEARCH MILESTONE 2: DECIPHERING THE GENETIC CODE

RESEARCH MILESTONE 3: SYNTHESIZING DNA

RESEARCH MILESTONE 4: SEEING GENES

RESEARCH MILESTONE 5: COPYING DNA

RESEARCH MILESTONE 6: SEQUENCING A VIRAL GENOME

RESEARCH MILESTONE 7: THE ULTIMATE DNA COPYING TOOL

REFERENCES

3 Sequencing the Genome

FROM GENE TO GENOME

THE SEQUENCE

RACING TO THE FINISH

REFERENCES

4 The Next Generation

NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING

Pyrosequencing

Sequencing by Synthesis

Real‐time Sequencing

HOW MANY GENES DO HUMANS REALLY HAVE?

REFERENCES

5 Making the Genome Safe

A SHAMEFUL PAST

PREPARING FOR THE GENOME

Genetic Discrimination

Informed Consent and Return of Results in the Genomic Age

WHAT CAN RESEARCHERS, UNIVERSITIES, AND COMPANIES DO WITH YOUR GENETIC MATERIAL?

THE ETHICS OF DTC GENETIC TESTING

WHO OWNS YOUR GENES?

MONITORING OUR GENOMIC FUTURE

PREPARING THE WORLD FOR CRISPR

THE BUSINESS OF BIOLOGY

NATURE/NURTURE

REFERENCES

6 The Meanings of Genetic Diversity: Part I

A ROGUES’ GALLERY OF COMPLETED HUMAN GENOMES

ASSESSING HUMAN VARIATION USING GENOMES

NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING USING TARGETED CAPTURE

OUR GENOMIC PLACE IN THE WORLD

A Genomic Perspective on Our Closest Living Relative

Our Closest Extinct Relatives

A Revolution in Understanding the Movement of Our Species Across the Planet and Ancestry in Our Species

REFERENCES

7 The Meanings of Genetic Diversity: Part II

THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT AND HUMAN GENETIC DIVERSITY

THE STRANGE CAREER OF SCIENTIFIC RACISM

UNDERMINING THE RACE CONCEPT

THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT AND THE FUTURE OF RACE

CONTINUED MISSTEPS OR A PATH TO THE FUTURE?

REFERENCES

8 The Tree of Life: 4 Billion Years of Divergence

INHERITING A CONTROVERSY

THE TREE OF LIFE

Rearranging Life

Prokaryotes don’t Exist!

Protists aren’t a Real Group Either

The Tree of Life is Dead; Long Live the Tree of Life

Many Genomes have Evolved as a Result of “Cannibalism”

Fungi are Closer to us than they are to Plants

There are Many Surprises in Store for us when We Start Looking at Even More Closely Related Organisms

COMPARATIVE GENOMICS

BIODIVERSITY AND GENOMICS

Wildlife Detectives

DNA Barcoding

REFERENCES

9 Sequencing the Small and Infamous: A Look at Metagenomics and Microbiomes

WHOLE‐GENOME SEQUENCING HELPS IDENTIFY DANGEROUS MUTATIONS

MORE THAN ONE GENOME AT A TIME: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, METAGENOMICS, AND MICROBIOMES

OMES EVERYWHERE

REFERENCES

10 The World to Come: Agriculture

GMOs: THE BASICS

RECENT CHANGES IN GENE‐BASED TECHNOLOGY FOR GENETIC MODIFICATION

SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY

A PLATE FULL OF GM FOODS

Bt Corn

Roundup Ready Soy

Golden Rice

Case Studies in Controversy: GM, Science, and Speculation

Case Study 1: Potato‐Eating Rats

Case Study 2: Gilles‐Eric Séralini and Public Opinion

Case Study 3: Early Case Studies on Ecological Impact—Monarchs and Maize

Case Study 4: Caddis Flies and GMO runoff in streams

Case Study 5: Genetically Modified Crops and Their Landscapes

TRENDS IN ECONOMIC USE OF GM FOODS

ISSUES AND ETHICS: THE FOOD CHAIN AND UNINTENDED EFFECTS

LABELING GM FOODS

CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARD GM FOOD

REFERENCES

Conclusion: Conclusion: Don’t Believe the Hype (Including Ours)

REFERENCES

INDEX

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

Отрывок из книги

SECOND EDITION

Rob DeSalle

.....

Figure 1.5 Most Drosophilia look like the red‐eyed fly on the left. Morgan’s discovery of and breeding experiments with the mutant white‐eyed variety, as seen on the right, confirmed Mendel’s basic laws and expanded them to include the linearity of genes on chromosomes.

Credit: Daniel Marenda, PhD and the Marenda Laboratory

.....

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