Human Rights
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Оглавление
Michael Freeman. Human Rights
Table of Contents
Guide
Pages
Series Title. Key Concepts Series
Human Rights
Copyright Page
Preface to the Fourth Edition
1 Introduction Thinking About Human Rights. Realities
Concepts
The social sciences
Beyond human-rights law
Conclusion
2 Origins The Rise and Fall of Natural Rights. Why history? Which history?
On rights and tyrants
Justice and rights
Natural rights
The age of revolutions
The decline of natural rights
Conclusion
3 After 1945 The New Age of Rights. The UN and the rights revival
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
From theory to practice. The Cold War and anti-colonialism
After the Cold War
9/11 and after
Reform of the UN human-rights regime
A crisis of liberal democracy?
Conclusion
4 Theories of Human Rights. Why theory?
Human-rights theory. Rights
Justifications
Specification
Democracy
Other values
Obligations and costs
Conflicts of rights
Objections to human rights
Conclusion
5 Human Rights and Social Science. Introduction
The critique of law
Social science methods and measurement
Aid and sanctions
Why do states ratify human-rights treaties?
Does human-rights law improve human rights?
Transitional justice
National Human Rights Institutions
Political science
Sociology
Social psychology
Anthropology
International relations
Conclusion
6 The Politics of Human Rights. Rights, politics and law
The international politics of human rights
The spiral model
The national politics of human rights
Explaining human-rights violations: the quantitative approach
NGOs
Conclusion
7 Globalization, Development and Poverty Economics and Human Rights. Globalization
Global poverty and inequality
Economic and social rights
Human rights versus social justice? Human rights and neoliberalism
Tax justice and illicit financial flows
Development
The right to development
The causes of development
Trade and investment
Business corporations
International financial institutions
Climate change
Pandemic
Technology
Global justice
Conclusion
8 Universality, Diversity and Difference Culture and Human Rights. Universalism
Imperialism
Cultural relativism
On culture and rights
Religion and human rights: the case of Islam
The right to culture
Minority rights
Indigenous peoples
The right to self-determination
The rights of women
The rights of children
Sexual minorities
Persons with disabilities
Migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers
Conclusion
9 Conclusion Utopians, Endtimers, Slow Borers. Learning from history
Objections to human rights
On human-rights law and social science
Conclusion: boring slowly between utopia and the endtimes
References
Index
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Отрывок из книги
Fourth Edition
Michael Freeman
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Locke’s attitude to women was ambiguous: women might acquire property through their labour and had certain rights in marriage. Men had ultimate authority in the family, however, because they were ‘abler and stronger’. It is not clear whether women could participate in politics (Hirschmann and McClure 2007).
Several scholars have linked Locke’s defence of property with his support for British colonialism. In the Second Treatise Locke asserts that God commanded Mankind to cultivate unappropriated land, particularly in America. This expressed the so-called ‘agriculturalist argument’ for European rights to American land. Locke’s liberal theory of rights, therefore, justified British colonialism.
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