Human Rights

Human Rights
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Описание книги

Human Rights , now in its fourth edition, is an introductory text that is both innovative and challenging. Its unique interdisciplinary approach invites students to think imaginatively and rigorously about one of the most important and influential political concepts of our time. Tracing the history of the concept, the book shows that there are fundamental tensions between legal, philosophical and social-scientific approaches to human rights. This analysis throws light on some of the most controversial issues in the field: What are the causes of human-rights violations? Is the idea of universal human rights consistent with respect for cultural difference? Are we living in a ‘post-human rights’ world? Thoroughly revised and updated, the new edition engages with recent developments, including the Trump and Biden presidencies, colonial legacies, neoliberalism, conflict in Syria, Yemen and Myanmar, the Covid-19 pandemic, new technologies and the supposed crisis of liberal democracy. Widely admired and assigned for its clarity and comprehensiveness, this book remains a ‘go-to’ text for students in the social sciences, as well as students of human-rights law who want an introduction to the non-legal aspects of their subject.

Оглавление

Michael Freeman. Human Rights

Table of Contents

Guide

Pages

Series Title. Key Concepts Series

Human Rights

Copyright Page

Preface to the Fourth Edition

1 Introduction Thinking About Human Rights. Realities

Concepts

The social sciences

Beyond human-rights law

Conclusion

2 Origins The Rise and Fall of Natural Rights. Why history? Which history?

On rights and tyrants

Justice and rights

Natural rights

The age of revolutions

The decline of natural rights

Conclusion

3 After 1945 The New Age of Rights. The UN and the rights revival

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

From theory to practice. The Cold War and anti-colonialism

After the Cold War

9/11 and after

Reform of the UN human-rights regime

A crisis of liberal democracy?

Conclusion

4 Theories of Human Rights. Why theory?

Human-rights theory. Rights

Justifications

Specification

Democracy

Other values

Obligations and costs

Conflicts of rights

Objections to human rights

Conclusion

5 Human Rights and Social Science. Introduction

The critique of law

Social science methods and measurement

Aid and sanctions

Why do states ratify human-rights treaties?

Does human-rights law improve human rights?

Transitional justice

National Human Rights Institutions

Political science

Sociology

Social psychology

Anthropology

International relations

Conclusion

6 The Politics of Human Rights. Rights, politics and law

The international politics of human rights

The spiral model

The national politics of human rights

Explaining human-rights violations: the quantitative approach

NGOs

Conclusion

7 Globalization, Development and Poverty Economics and Human Rights. Globalization

Global poverty and inequality

Economic and social rights

Human rights versus social justice? Human rights and neoliberalism

Tax justice and illicit financial flows

Development

The right to development

The causes of development

Trade and investment

Business corporations

International financial institutions

Climate change

Pandemic

Technology

Global justice

Conclusion

8 Universality, Diversity and Difference Culture and Human Rights. Universalism

Imperialism

Cultural relativism

On culture and rights

Religion and human rights: the case of Islam

The right to culture

Minority rights

Indigenous peoples

The right to self-determination

The rights of women

The rights of children

Sexual minorities

Persons with disabilities

Migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers

Conclusion

9 Conclusion Utopians, Endtimers, Slow Borers. Learning from history

Objections to human rights

On human-rights law and social science

Conclusion: boring slowly between utopia and the endtimes

References

Index

POLITY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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Fourth Edition

Michael Freeman

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Locke’s attitude to women was ambiguous: women might acquire property through their labour and had certain rights in marriage. Men had ultimate authority in the family, however, because they were ‘abler and stronger’. It is not clear whether women could participate in politics (Hirschmann and McClure 2007).

Several scholars have linked Locke’s defence of property with his support for British colonialism. In the Second Treatise Locke asserts that God commanded Mankind to cultivate unappropriated land, particularly in America. This expressed the so-called ‘agriculturalist argument’ for European rights to American land. Locke’s liberal theory of rights, therefore, justified British colonialism.

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