History of Julius Caesar Vol. 2 of 2

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Napoleon III. History of Julius Caesar Vol. 2 of 2

PUBLISHER’S NOTE

BOOK III. THE WARS IN GAUL, AFTER THE “COMMENTARIES.”

CHAPTER I. POLITICAL CAUSES OF THE GALLIC WAR

CHAPTER II. STATE OF GAUL IN THE TIME OF CÆSAR

CHAPTER III. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE HELVETII

CHAPTER IV. CAMPAIGN AGAINST ARIOVISTUS

CHAPTER V. WAR AGAINST THE BELGÆ

CHAPTER VI (Year of Rome 698.)

CHAPTER VII (Year of Rome 699.)

CHAPTER VIII (Year of Rome 700.)

CHAPTER IX (Year of Rome 701.)

CHAPTER X (Year of Rome 702.)

CHAPTER XI (Year of Rome 703.)

BOOK IV. RECAPITULATION OF THE WAR IN GAUL, AND RELATION OF EVENTS AT ROME FROM 696 TO 705

CHAPTER I. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 696

CHAPTER II. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 697

CHAPTER III. EVENTS IN ROME DURING THE YEAR 698

CHAPTER IV. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 699

CHAPTER V. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 700

CHAPTER VI. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 701

CHAPTER VII. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 702

CHAPTER VIII. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 703

CHAPTER IX. EVENTS OF THE YEAR 704

CHAPTER X. EVENTS OF THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE YEAR 705

APPENDIX A. CONCORDANCE OF DATESOF THEANCIENT ROMAN CALENDAR WITH THE JULIAN STYLE,FOR THE YEARS OF ROME 691-709

APPENDIX B. CONCORDANCE OF ROMAN AND MODERN HOURS,

APPENDIX C. NOTE ON THE ANCIENT COINS COLLECTED IN THE EXCAVATIONS AT ALISE

LIST OF ANCIENT COINS. FOUND IN THE EXCAVATIONS AT ALISE

APPENDIX D. NOTICE ON CÆSAR’S LIEUTENANTS

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I. THERE are peoples whose existence in the past only reveals itself by certain brilliant apparitions, unequivocal proofs of an energy which had been previously unknown. During the interval their history is involved in obscurity, and they resemble those long-silent volcanoes, which we should take to be extinct but for the eruptions which, at periods far apart, occur and expose to view the fire which smoulders in their bosom. Such had been the Gauls.

The accounts of their ancient expeditions bear witness to an organisation already powerful, and to an ardent spirit of enterprise. Not to speak of migrations which date back perhaps nine or ten centuries before our era, we see, at the moment when Rome was beginning to aim at greatness, the Celts spreading themselves beyond their frontiers. In the time of Tarquin the Elder (Years of Rome, 138 to 176), two expeditions started from Celtic Gaul: one proceeded across the Rhine and Southern Germany, to descend upon Illyria and Pannonia (now Western Hungary); the other, scaling the Alps, established itself in Italy, in the country lying between those mountains and the Po.1 The invaders soon transferred themselves to the right bank of that river, and nearly the whole of the territory comprised between the Alps and the Apennines took the name of Cisalpine Gaul. More than two centuries afterwards, the descendants of those Gauls marched upon Rome, and burnt it all but the Capitol.2 Still a century later (475), we see new bands issuing from Gaul, reaching Thrace by the valley of the Danube,3 ravaging Northern Greece, and bringing back to Toulouse the gold plundered from the Temple of Delphi.4 Others, arriving at Byzantium,5 pass into Asia, establish their dominion over the whole region on this side Mount Taurus, since called Gallo-Græcia, or Galatia, and maintain in it a sort of military feudalism until the time of the war of Antiochus.6

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Cæsar received as hostages the principal chiefs of the country, and even the two sons of King Galba, exacted the surrender of all their arms, and accepted the submission of the Suessiones. He then conducted his army into the country of the Bellovaci, who had shut themselves up, with all they possessed, in the oppidum of Bratuspantium (Breteuil).255 The army was only at about five miles’ distance from it, when all the aged men, issuing from the town, came, with extended hands, to implore the generosity of the Roman general; when he had arrived under the walls of the place, and while he was establishing his camp, he saw the women and children also demanding peace as suppliants from the top of the walls.

Divitiacus, in the name of the Ædui, interceded in their favour. After the retreat of the Belgæ and the disbanding of his troops, he had returned to the presence of Cæsar. The latter, who had, at the prayer of the Remi, just shown himself clement towards the Suessiones, displayed, at the solicitation of the Ædui, the same indulgence towards the Bellovaci. Thus obeying the same political idea of increasing among the Belgæ the influence of the peoples allied to Rome, he pardoned them; but, as their nation was the most powerful in Belgic Gaul, he required from them all their arms and 600 hostages. The Bellovaci declared that the promoters of the war, seeing the misfortune they had drawn upon their country, had fled into the isle of Britain.

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