Оглавление
National Research Council . Ad Hoc Panel on On-line Computers in Nuclear Research. On-Line Data-Acquisition Systems in Nuclear Physics, 1969
On-Line Data-Acquisition Systems in Nuclear Physics, 1969
Table of Contents
PREFACE
Chapter 1. THE TASKS AND THE COMPUTERS
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE TASKS
C. THE COMPUTERS
1. Introduction
2. Rough Classification of Computers
D. MATCHING COMPUTERS TO TASKS
1. Large Computers
2. Small Computers
3. Medium-Sized Computers
E. ON CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF COMPUTERS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT
1. Word Length
2. Number of Memory Words
3. Cycle Time
4. Direct Data Channels
5. Priority Interrupts (Nested)
6. Mass Storage
7. Program Input Method
8. Memory Protection
9. Parity Check
10. Ease and Cost of Interfacing
11. Typewriters
12. Index Registers
13. Line Printers
14. Plotters
15. Cathode-Ray Tube Displays
16. The Role of External Devices
17. Time Sharing
18. Software That Should Be Supplied by Manufacturer
19. Note on the Cost of Programming
Chapter 2. DATA-ACQUISITION SYSTEMS
A. INTRODUCTION
1. History
2. Possible Systems
3. Small Computers as Satellites
B. A SMALL TIME-SHARED DATA-ACQUISITION SYSTEM BASED ON A PDP-7 COMPUTER
1. Introduction
2. Operational Features
3. Hardware
4. Lessons Learned from Operating Experience
5. Costs
C. A SMALL SYSTEM BASED ON A PDP-8 COMPUTER
1. History and Hardware
2. Programming
3. Lessons from Operating Experience
4. Costs
D. A MEDIUM-SIZED ON-LINE COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. Introduction
2. Description of the System
3. How the System is Used
4. Present Status
5. Lessons from Development and Testing Experience
6. Cost
E. A LARGE SYSTEM BASED ON A SINGLE COMPUTER (THE YALE-IBM NUCLEAR-DATA-ACQUISITION SYSTEM)
1. Introduction
2. Description of the System
3. Software System
4. Costs
5. General Comments on Experience with the System
F. MULTIPLE-COMPUTER SYSTEMS
1. Introduction
2. Two Equivalent Processors
3. Lessons from Operating Experience
4. Limitations on a Twin-Computer System
5. New Directions
6. Computer-Independent Data Bus System
7. Costs
G. A PROCESS-CONTROL SYSTEM: THE BROOKHAVEN MULTIPLE SPECTROMETER CONTROL SYSTEM (MSCS)
1. Introduction
2. Description of System
3. Lessons from Operating Experience
4. Costs
H. RELATIONSHIP TO A REMOTE COMPUTING CENTER
1. The Small Computer with a Fast Data Link to a Remote General Computing Facility
2. Reasons for Lack of Popularity
Chapter 3. A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES
A. THE NATURE OF THE DATA
B. BREAKDOWN OF DATA FOR ANALYSIS
C. TYPES OF COMPUTERS
D. SOME TOTAL COSTS
E. BREAKDOWN OF COSTS BY SYSTEMS
F. ROTATING MEMORY DEVICES
G. SYSTEMS ON-LINE WITH COMPUTING CENTERS
H. ANTICIPATED FUTURE EXPENDITURES
I. INVESTMENT IN ACCELERATORS, COMPUTER SYSTEMS, AND LABORATORY BUDGETS
J. PROCESS-CONTROL APPLICATION
Chapter 4. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SYSTEM PLANNING
A. THE NEED FOR ON-LINE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
B. WHERE SHOULD LARGE-SCALE CALCULATIONS BE DONE?
C. EXERCISING ECONOMIC JUDGMENT IN PLANNING
D. ON THE UTILITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED COMPUTERS
E. GROWTH CONSIDERATIONS
F. SHORT SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS REGARDING SYSTEM PLANNING
1. Planning and Procuring a Data-Acquisition System Today
2. Large-Scale Computations and Computing Centers
3. Remote Large Computing Center On-Line for Data Acquisition
4. Buying versus Renting
5. New Computer or Current Model?
6. Importance of Software
7. Utility of Modern Small Computers
8. Utility of Disks and Drums
9. Need for Adequate Peripheral Devices
10. Peripherals (Brand X)
11. Input-Output Bus Structures
12. Necessity for Competence in Machine-Language Programming
13. Manpower for Programming and Maintenance
Appendix A. TABLES OF PROPERTIES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED COMPUTERS
Appendix B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR CHAPTER 3, A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES
