The Urban Planning Imagination

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Nicholas A. Phelps. The Urban Planning Imagination

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Dedication

The Urban Planning Imagination. A Critical International Introduction

Copyright Page

List of figures and tables. Figures

Tables

Preface

1 Introduction: what is planning? Introduction

The urban planning imagination

Who plans?

History and the urban planning imagination

Geography and the urban planning imagination

Urban planning’s enduring appeal

The structure of the book

Notes

2 Imagination: what is planning’s spirit and purpose? Introduction

Who plans?

Citizens

Clubs

States

Mixes of actors

The history and temporality of planning

Macro-historical change: empires, economic systems and states

Meso-level institutions of states

The micro-level

The temporalities of urban planning

The geography of the urban planning imagination

Bounded places: neighbourhood, city, region, nation, metropolis and megalopolis

Sites and neighbourhoods

Regional planning

Megalopolitan realities

National planning

Networks, flows and virtual urban planning

Cities as nodes within networks

Flows: the metabolism of cities

Virtuality and synchronicity

Conclusion

Notes

3 Substance: what are the objects of planning? Introduction

Shelter

Cities without slums: seeing like a state

Housing as externality: club solutions to state failings

House as home: the latent informality of household desires

Health

Water, food and air

The infirmity of the city?

Mobility

Automobility and its systemic urban planning legacies

High-speed rail and aeromobility: the interplaces yet to come?

Virtual mobility and its effects

Sustainability

Environmental designations: the paradoxes of planning for the city and its other

Eco- and other city forms

Urban metabolism in an urban age of climate change and hazards

Economy

Economic growth: a state obsession

The circular urban economy

The alternative economies of clubs and citizens

Conclusion

Notes

4 Wisdom: what does planning teach us? Introduction

Justice and equity

The tragedy of the commons and other wicked problems

Urban planning, externalities and land-value capture

Externalities

Private property, externalities, betterment and compensation

Unintended consequences

Planning failures great and small

Self-fulfilling prophecies of planning for mobility

Failures to plan with nature

Inabilities to control urban sprawl

Participation and the lack of it

Conclusion

Notes

5 Methods: what are the means of planning? Introduction

City as organism: the art and science of urban planning

City as system: the predicting, providing and nudging of the state

Smart cities: the city as a mine of data

City as scenario: clubthink

Cities and citizens: participation in planning

Public participation

Communicative action and urban planning

Planning without statutory planning: agonism, co-production and radicalism

Mixes of methods for new urban planning imaginaries

Planning’s artistry

Experimentation

Planning rhetoric

Conclusions

Notes

6 Comparisons: what are the global variations in planning? Introduction

Comparative approaches

Politics, political and administrative science

Geography and history

National planning systems and cultures

Planning systems: formal contrasts in law and administration

Culture: the local personalities of planning

Models of welfare and national economic development

Liberal markets

European welfare models

Predatory systems

South Asian democracies

Developmental systems

China

Born globals

Conclusion

Notes

7 Exchanges: what are the global connections in planning? Introduction

The who, what and how of exchange

Nation states, empires and urban planning

Urban planning’s global iron cage?

The Europeanization of urban planning

Global urban planning governance?

Clubs: planning for extraordinary desires

The seductive power of urban planning

Urban planning by and for a TCC

Urban planning and the mediation of urban tastes

Pick-and-mix planning

Citizens: planning for ordinary needs

Conclusion

Notes

8 Prospects: what is the future of planning? Introduction

The limits of citizens, clubs and states as urban planners

Citizens

Planning in the name of clubs

W(h)ither the state?

The city as laboratory: productive mixes of the urban planning imagination?

Conclusion: urban planning’s disciplinary dialogues

References

Index

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For 苗田

Yulia Elizabeth Phelps

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To be effective, planners need to be able to contribute on a given issue for a period of time (Krumholz, 1982). The problem is that churn is a feature of the careers of trained urban planners regardless of which citizen, club or state actors they work in the service of. Even the lesser time frames discussed above may exceed the tenure of individual planners. The meso-historical time frames needed to resolve some urban planning challenges far exceed those of particular institutional configurations of statutory planning, let alone the lives of individual citizens or trained urban planners. For example, ‘even though the science and use of scenarios in climate change projections might suggest the need for a long-term view, UK planners and planning authorities have … been inhibited in taking a long-term perspective or in engaging with futures thinking’ (Wilson, 2009: 223). In macro-historical terms, the urban planning imagination is revealed as seeking for resilience and gradual adjustment to climate change and events, but it is questionable whether and how it can respond in the short term to the increasing frequency and greater severity of climate events (Halsnæs and Laursen, 2009: 83).

Across the global south, time is a resource that citizens know how to exploit. Inaction by states, or their inabilities to fully enforce regulations, become opportunities for income generation in tactical adjustments by street vendors (Recio, 2021). Waiting for the state to act opens the way to the autoconstruction of housing (Oldfield and Greyling, 2015). In both instances the citizen–state relationship is reconstituted. The temporal interstices of urban planning are essential to understanding some of the creative energies of global south citizens in resisting some of the institutionalized divisiveness of statutory planning.

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