Taking the Right Road to Inclusive Growth

Taking the Right Road to Inclusive Growth
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This report discusses key policy challenges that need to be addressed if the Philippines were to embark on sustainable and inclusive growth. We take the view that the main reason behind the Philippines' lagging growth and development outcomes in the regional context lies in a sluggish transformation of the economy–in particular, stagnant industrialization. Chronic problems of unemployment, poverty, and low investment are reflections of weak industrial development. The economy has been led by services, and it has been further shifting toward services with the growing business process outsourcing. Nevertheless, sole development of the services sectors is not sufficient to address the development challenges and lead to inclusive growth. We propose more targeted public sector support, which focuses on specific industries and products for industrial upgrading and diversification. This report shows a methodology of choosing products for targeted public sector support, and recommends effective dialogue between the public and private sectors to identify constraints specific to the target products and to develop adequate solutions. The Philippines needs to develop a stronger industrial base to enable the economy to «walk on two legs» of industry and modern services, to create productive job opportunities for the growing working-age population.

Оглавление

Norio Usui. Taking the Right Road to Inclusive Growth

Taking the Right Road to Inclusive Growth

Contents

Tables and Figures

Abbreviations

Acknowledgments

Executive Summary

Introduction

Structural Transformation—Aggregate Productivity Growth

Structural Transformation—Evolution of Product Space

Service-Led Growth—Can Services Alone Drive Inclusive Growth?

Policy Options for Economic Diversification—Product Identification and Targeted Public Sector Support

Concluding Remarks

Road Map

Appendix 1. Labor Productivity, 1980–2009

Appendix 2. Labor Productivity—Manufacturing, 1980–2006

Appendix 3. Technical Notes on Key Concepts in Product Space. 1. Revealed Comparative Advantage and Diversification

2. Ubiquity and Standardness

3. Level of Sophistication (PRODY and EXPY)

4. Proximity and Path

5. Density, Open Forest, and Strategic Values

Appendix 4. PRODY–PATH Distribution

Appendix 5. Evolution of Product Space—Selected Countries, 1965–2008

Appendix 6. Investment Promotion Agencies and Incentive Packages

Appendix 7. Labor Intensities of Export Products in the Philippines

Appendix 8. List of Selected “Middle” and “Far Away” Products

Note

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Industrial Upgrading and Diversification in the Philippines

Norio Usui

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The Philippines has a long tradition of public sector support for both domestic and foreign investors, mainly through investment promotion agencies (IPAs). IPAs have provided a variety of tax incentives for investment, export, job creation, and regional development. Registered firms enjoy income tax holidays, tax-exempted import of materials and capital goods, and deduction of wage bills from taxable income. While the IPAs have supported a wide range of priority industries in the Investment Priority Plans (IPP), the country has failed to attract investors, particularly foreign ones, and to spur local entrepreneurs in industry. Most investors have regarded past provision of fiscal incentives as redundant. The revenue loss due to the redundant incentives has likely reached over 1% of GDP. Impact assessments of the fiscal incentives have rarely been conducted.

Public sector support that can be implemented by the government usually falls in one of two broad categories: one is to improve general business and investment climate across sectors (broad-based or horizontal interventions), and another is to improve the efficiency of specific products and industries (targeted or vertical interventions).

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