Pinnock's improved edition of Dr. Goldsmith's History of Rome

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Oliver Goldsmith. Pinnock's improved edition of Dr. Goldsmith's History of Rome

PREFACE

HISTORY OF ROME. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHICAL OUTLINE OF ITALY

CHAPTER II. THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND PEOPLE – CREDIBILITY OF THE EARLY HISTORY

CHAPTER III. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ROME

CHAPTER IV. THE ROMAN CONSTITUTION

CHAPTER V. THE ROMAN TENURE OF LAND – COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER VI. THE ROMAN RELIGION

CHAPTER VII. THE ROMAN ARMY AND NAVY

CHAPTER VIII. ROMAN LAW – FINANCE

CHAPTER IX. THE PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS AND PRIVATE LIFE OF THE ROMANS

CHAPTER X. GEOGRAPHY OF THE EMPIRE AT THE TIME OF ITS GREATEST EXTENT

HISTORY OF ROME

CHAPTER I. OF THE ORIGIN OF THE ROMANS

CHAPTER II. FROM THE BUILDING OF ROME TO THE DEATH OF ROMULUS

CHAPTER III. FROM THE DEATH OF ROMULUS TO THE DEATH OF NUMA POMPILIUS, THE SECOND KING OF ROME. – U.C. 38

CHAPTER IV. FROM THE DEATH OF NUMA TO THE DEATH OF TULLUS HOSTILIUS THE THIRD KING OF ROME. – U.C. 82

CHAPTER V. FROM THE DEATH OF TULLUS HOSTILIUS TO THE DEATH OF ANCUS MARTIUS THE FOURTH KING OF ROME. – U.C. 115

CHAPTER VI. FROM THE DEATH OF ANCUS MARTIUS, TO THE DEATH OF TARQUINIUS PRISCUS THE FIFTH KING OF ROME. – U.C. 130

CHAPTER VII. FROM THE DEATH OF TARQUINIUS PRISCUS TO THE DEATH OF SERVIUS TULLIUS THE SIXTH KING OF ROME. – U.C. 176

CHAPTER VIII. FROM THE DEATH OF SERVIUS TULLIUS TO THE BANISHMENT OF TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS THE SEVENTH AND LAST KING OF ROME U.C. 220

CHAPTER IX. THE COMMONWEALTH. FROM THE BANISHMENT OF TARQUIN TO THE APPOINTMENT OF THE DICTATOR – U.C. 245

CHAPTER X. FROM THE CREATION OF THE DICTATOR TO THE ELECTION OF THE TRIBUNES. – U.C. 255

CHAPTER XI

SECTION I. FROM THE CREATION OF THE TRIBUNES, TO THE APPOINTMENT OF THE DECEMVIRI – U.C. 260

SECTION II

CHAPTER XII

SECTION I. FROM THE CREATION OF THE DECEMVIRI TO THE EXTINCTION OF THAT OFFICE. – U.C. 302

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV

SECTION V

CHAPTER XIII

SECTION I. FROM THE WARS WITH THE SAMNITES AND THOSE WITH PYRRHUS, TO THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST PUNIC WAR; WHEN THE ROMANS BEGAN TO EXTEND THEIR CONQUESTS BEYOND ITALY

SECTION II. U.C. 431

SECTION III

CHAPTER XIV

SECTION I. FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST PUNIC WAR, TO THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND, WHEN THE ROMANS BEGAN TO GROW POWERFUL BY SEA. – U.C. 493

SECTION II

CHAPTER XV

SECTION I. FROM THE END OF THE FIRST PUNIC WAR TO THE END OF THE SECOND

SECTION II

SECTION III

CHAPTER XVI

CHAPTER XVII

SECTION I. FROM THE DESTRUCTION OF CARTHAGE TO THE END OF THE SEDITION OF THE GRACCHI. – U.C. 621

SECTION II

CHAPTER XVIII

SECTION I. FROM THE SEDITION OF GRACCHUS TO THE PERPETUAL DICTATORSHIP OF SYLLA, WHICH WAS THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS THE RUIN OF THE COMMONWEALTH. – U.C. 634

SECTION II

CHAPTER XIX. FROM THE PERPETUAL DICTATORSHIP OF SYLLA TO THE TRIUMVIRATE OF CÆSAR, POMPEY, AND CRASSUS. – U.C. 680

CHAPTER XX

SECTION I. FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE, TO THE DEATH OF POMPEY. – U.C. 694

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV

SECTION V

CHAPTER XXI

SECTION I. FROM THE DESTRUCTION OF THE COMMONWEALTH TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIRST EMPEROR, AUGUSTUS. – U.C. 706

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV

SECTION V

SECTION VI

SECTION VII

SECTION VIII

CHAPTER XXII

SECTION I

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV

SECTION V

SECTION VI. U.C. 794. – A.D. 42

SECTION VII. U.C. 793 – A.D. 55

SECTION VIII

SECTION IX. A.D. 70

SECTION X

SECTION XI

CHAPTER XXIII

SECTION I. THE FIVE GOOD EMPERORS OF ROME

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV

CHAPTER XXIV

SECTION I. FROM COMMODUS TO THE TRANSFERRING OF THE SEAT OF EMPIRE UNDER CONSTANTINE, FROM ROME TO CONSTANTINOPLE. – U.C. 933. A.D. 180

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV. U.C. 996. – A.D. 243

SECTION V. U.C. 1035. – A.D. 282

SECTION VI

CHAPTER XXV

SECTION I. FROM THE DEATH OF CONSTANTINE TO THE RE-UNION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE UNDER THEODOSIUS THE GREAT

SECTION II

CHAPTER XXVI

SECTION I. FROM THE DEATH OF THEODOSIUS TO THE SUBVERSION OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE

SECTION II

CHAPTER XXVII. HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE DIFFERENT BARBAROUS TRIBES THAT AIDED IN DESTROYING THE ROMAN EMPIRE

CHAPTER XXVIII. THE PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY

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1. The outline of Italy presents a geographical unity and completeness which naturally would lead us to believe that it was regarded as a whole, and named as a single country, from the earliest ages. This opinion would, however, be erroneous; while the country was possessed by various independent tribes of varied origin and different customs, the districts inhabited by each were reckoned separate states, and it was not until these several nations had fallen under the power of one predominant people that the physical unity which the peninsula possesses was expressed by a single name. Italy was the name originally given to a small peninsula in Brut'tium, between the Scylacean and Napetine gulfs; the name was gradually made to comprehend new districts, until at length it included the entire country lying south of the Alps, between the Adriatic and Tuscan seas. 2. The names Hespéria, Satúrnia, and Œnot'ria have also been given to this country by the poets; but these designations are not properly applicable; for Hespéria was a general name for all the countries lying to the west of Greece, and the other two names really belonged to particular districts.

3. The northern boundary of Italy, in its full extent, is the chain of the Alps, which forms a kind of crescent, with the convex side towards Gaul. The various branches of these mountains had distinct names; the most remarkable were, the Maritime Alps, extending from the Ligurian sea to Mount Vésulus, Veso; the Collian, Graian, Penine, Rhœtian, Tridentine, Carnic, and Julian Alps, which nearly complete the crescent; the Euganean, Venetian, and Pannonian Alps, that extend the chain to the east.

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9. The institution of vestal virgins was older than the city itself, and was regarded by the Romans as the most sacred part of their religious system. In the time of Numa there were but four, but two more were added by Tarquin; probably the addition made by Tarquin was to give the tribe of the Lu'ceres a share in this important priesthood. The duty of the vestal virgins was to keep the sacred fire that burned on the altar of Vesta from being extinguished; and to preserve a certain sacred pledge on which the very existence of Rome was supposed to depend. What this pledge was we have no means of discovering; some suppose that it was the Trojan Palla'dium, others, with more probability, some traditional mystery brought by the Pelas'gi from Samothrace.

10. The privileges conceded to the vestals were very great; they had the most honourable seats at public games and festivals; they were attended by a lictor with fasces like the magistrates; they were provided with chariots when they required them; and they possessed the power of pardoning any criminal whom they met on the way to execution, if they declared that the meeting was accidental. The magistrates were obliged to salute them as they passed, and the fasces of the consul were lowered to do them reverence. To withhold from them marks of respect subjected the offender to public odium; a personal insult was capitally punished. They possessed the exclusive privilege of being buried within the city; an honour which the Romans rarely extended to others.

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