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Главная Авторы Patricia Barnes-Svarney The Handy Dinosaur Answer Book

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The Handy Dinosaur Answer Book

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Страница 1 About the Authors Also from Visible Ink Press Страница 4 Contents Introduction Acknowledgments IN THE BEGINNING How old is Earth? How old is the oldest rock and mineral found on Earth? What caused the early Earth’s water and atmosphere to form? What gases began to accumulate after Earth’s crust finally solidified? How did oxygen form on early Earth? What is the greenhouse effect? What is ozone and how did it benefit the early Earth? BEGINNINGS OF LIFE When did life first begin on Earth? What were the conditions on the early Earth that scientists believe may have led to life? What are the oldest-known fossils found in rock on Earth? When did the basic form of life develop on Earth? When did larger cells develop? When did the first multicellular forms of life develop? Did life develop more than just one time? When did the first true plants appear on land? When did the first soft-bodied animals appear in the oceans? What is the oldest-known life form that existed on land? What were the first land animals and why did they move onto the dry land? When did the first primitive dinosaurs appear? How long did it take for dinosaurs to evolve from the first land animals? GEOLOGIC TIME What is geologic time? What is the geologic time scale? What are the divisions of the geologic time scale? How are the divisions on the geologic time scale named? What are the major time units used in the geologic time scale? What do the divisions on the geologic time scale represent? What is relative time in relationship to geologic time? What is absolute time in relationship to geologic time? When were radiometric dating techniques discovered? Who first developed an absolute geologic time scale using radiometric dating? TIME PERIODS What is the Pre-Cambrian era? Why do scientists believe that several ice ages occurred during the late Pre-Cambrian era? Why was the “Cambrian Explosion,” also called the “evolutionary big bang”? What were trilobites and when did they exist? What theories attempt to explain why the Cambrian Explosion occurred? What are the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras? What are the divisions of the Mesozoic era? What are the more recent time divisions on the geologic time scale? FIRST FOSSILS What is a fossil? How does a fossil form? How likely is it that an organism becomes a fossil? How do scientists determine the age of fossils? What are molds and casts? What are trace fossils? What can some trace fossils of dinosaur tracks tell us? DINOSAUR FOSSILS How do paleontologists identify species of dinosaurs from other fossils? When was the first dinosaur bone collected and described? What are some of the oldest dinosaur fossils found to date? What is a dinosaur? What does the term dinosaur mean? DINOSAUR ANCESTORS How did life evolve after the early one-celled organisms? What are vertebrates? What were the early amphibians and when did they live? What were some of the earliest species that led to amphibians? What were some of the problems amphibians faced in moving from water to land? When did reptiles first evolve from amphibians? What was one of the most important changes that enabled reptiles to become true land-dwelling animals? What were some of the earliest known reptiles? Why did the reptiles dominate during the Mesozoic but not the amphibians? Did some reptiles return to the oceans? How are reptiles grouped? DINOSAURS FIRST APPEAR How did the reptiles give rise to the dinosaurs? What were early archosaurs like? What were other archosaurs like? What are thecodonts? What was the next stage in the evolution towards true dinosaurs? What are some of the earliest known primitive dinosaurs? What were early carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs like? How are dinosaurs classified? How has the definition of dinosaur changed over the years? How many species of dinosaurs are currently known? How many species of dinosaurs have been named since the first skeletons were uncovered? How do the number of known dinosaur species compare to some modern species? How is a dinosaur currently defined using cladistic analysis? How are dinosaurs named? How did dinosaurs evolve? How are dinosaurs classified? Is there a continent where dinosaur fossils have never been found? What kinds of dinosaurs were in the saurischian group? What kinds of dinosaurs were in the ornithischian group? What events led to the dominance of dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era? How long were dinosaurs dominant on Earth? Were there dinosaurs at the beginning of the Mesozoic? When did the age of dinosaurs end? What is the Triassic period and how did it get its name? How long did the Triassic period last? What are the divisions of the Triassic period? What did the Triassic period signify? CONTINENTS DURING THE TRIASSIC PERIOD Do Earth’s continents change positions? What are continental drift and plate tectonics? How did fossil evidence support the theory of continental drift? Who discovered seafloor spreading? What magnetic evidence did scientists use to verify seafloor spreading? What is the driving force behind the movement of the continental plates? What are the consequences of continental plate movements? What did our planet look like at the start of the Triassic period? What led to the original formation of the supercontinent Pangea? How did the supercontinent Pangea change during the Triassic period? How did this continental configuration affect the dinosaurs? Where are Triassic period rocks found? What is the Newark Supergroup and why is it significant? What is the Ischigualasto formation and why is it important? TRIASSIC DINOSAURS Did any Triassic period dinosaurs fly? Did any Triassic period dinosaurs live in the oceans? Were there many dinosaurs during the Triassic period? Why did the dinosaurs begin to thrive in the Late Triassic period? What were some of the early dinosaurs? Why is Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis thought to be one of the earliest dinosaurs known? Is the Eoraptor lunensis also one of the most primitive dinosaurs? Which Triassic period dinosaurs were herbivores? What is the earliest-known herbivorous dinosaur? Which Triassic period dinosaurs were carnivores? What was Coelophysis like? What were the smallest dinosaurs known to have existed during the Triassic period? Were there other reptiles in the Middle to Late Triassic period that may have been early dinosaurs? What was the largest dinosaur known to have existed during the Triassic period? OTHER LIFE DURING THE TRIASSIC If the dinosaurs were just evolving, which land and marine animals dominated the Triassic period? What are the tetrapods? Where did tetrapods live on Pangea during the Late Triassic period? What were the major groups of land organisms during the Triassic? What were the major marine animals living during the Triassic period? Страница 129{buyButton}

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