1000 Scupltures of Genius

1000 Scupltures of Genius
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From antiquity to the 20th century, this sculpture collection offers a truly original vision of Western art. Here are the most sensual and harmonious masterworks to the most provocative and minimalist sculptures. Sculpture shapes the world and our concept of beauty, leaving everlasting silhouettes and always creating new intriguing ones. These masterworks are the mirror of an era, of an artist and his public and through this sculpture gallery, one visits not only the history of art, but history as a whole. Between the acclaimed ideals of beauty and the most controversial works, 1,000 Sculptures of Genius will give you a true panoramic view of Western sculpture. Along with numerous references, comments on masterworks and biographies, this work enables the reader to rediscover Western world heritage and is the perfect guide for art students and statuary lovers.

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Patrick Bade. 1000 Scupltures of Genius

Introduction

The Classical World

The Collapse of Rome and the Rise of Medieval Culture

Renaissance and Baroque Europe: Naturalism and the Revival of Antiquity

The Modern Age: From Neoclassicism to the Twentieth Century

Antiquity

Middle Ages

Renaissance

Baroque

Modern

Glossary

Biographies

Magdalena Abakanowicz

Alessandro Algardi

Carl Andre

Benedetto Antelami

Hans Arp

Egid Quirin Asam

César Baldaccini, called Cesar

Nanni di Banco

Ernst Barlach

Richmond Barthe

Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Umberto Boccioni

Giovanni Bologna called Giambologna

Fernando Botero

Edmé Bouchardon

Louise Bourgeois

Constantin Brancusi

Michelangelo Buonarroti, called Michelangelo

Pol Bury

Melchiore Caffa

Jean-Jacques Caffieri

Alexander Calder

Callimachus

Alonzo Cano

Antonio Canova

Sir Anthony Caro

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux

Benvenutto Cellini

Camille Claudel

Michel Colombe

Charles Henri Joseph Cordier

Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou

Charles-Antoine Coysevox

Honoré Daumier

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas

Andrea della Robbia

Luca della Robbia

Donatello

Jean Dubuffet

Marcel Duchamp

Raymond Duchamp-Villon

François Duquesnoy

Gregor Erhart

Etienne Maurice Falconet

Armand Fernandez, called Arman

Naum Gabo

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Alberto Giacometti

François Girardon

Jean Goujon

Horatio Greenough

Dame Barbara Hepworth

Jean Antoine Houdon

Donald Judd

Juan de Juni

Katarzyna Kobro

Henri Laurens

Lord Frederick Leighton

Leochares

Sol Lewitt

Jacques Lipschitz

Lysippos

Stefano Maderno

Aristide Joseph-Bonaventura Maillol

Marisol

Gaspard and Balthazar Marsy

Juan Martines Montanes

Henri Matisse

Guido Mazzoni

Pedro de Mena

Franz Xavier Messerschmidt

Constantin Meunier

Claude Michel, called Clodion

George Minne

Francesco Mochi

Henry Moore

Hans Multscher

Myron

Bruce Naumann

Claes Oldenburg

Augustin Pajou

Eduardo Paolozzi

Giuseppe Penone

Phidias

Pablo Ruiz Picasso

Jean-Baptiste Pigalle

Germain Pilon

Andrea Plsano

Nicola Pisano

Polykleitos

Jean-Jacques Pradier (James Pradier)

Praxiteles

Antoine-Auguste Preault

Barthelemy Prieur

Francesco Primaticcio

Pierre Puget

Tilman Riemenschneider

Auguste Rodin

Pedro Roldan

Antonio Rossellino

Medardo Rosso

François Rude

Auguste Saint-Gaudens

Niki de Saint-Phalle

Johann Gottfried Schadow

Andreas Schluter

Skopas

Claus Sluter

David Smith

William Wetmore Story

Veit Stoss

Sophie Taeuber-Arp

Takis

Jean Tinguely

Andrea del Verrocchio

Adriaen de Vries

Ossip Zadkine

Chronology

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The ancient Greeks, at first an isolated and provincial people among many population groups in the Mediterranean basin, rose to cultural, military, and political prominence, but they stood on the shoulders of giants and learned from the traditions of other ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern civilisations. In the sphere of the arts, the Egyptians, in particular, had already developed a culture of idealised, well-proportioned human figures, a narrative tradition in painting and relief sculpture, and temple architecture that incorporated the display of a variety of sculptural elements. Yet the Greeks, in altering the static forms of the Egyptians, sought to craft sculptural figures that expressed life, movement, and a more fundamental and humane sense of moral potential. This development is seen in its early phase in the growing naturalism and subtlety of facial expression in sculpture produced in the Archaic period of the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E. greater freedom of invention appeared during that time in vase painting, but sculptors, restrained by the intractability of stone and by convention, lagged somewhat behind. Reflecting a philosophical search for the ideal, the sculptors aimed at achieving timeless beauty. Just as Greek philosophers considered the nature of the ideal republic, perfect justice, or the ideal Good itself, artists brought forth a host of perfected forms. In their subject matter, sculptors often favoured the naked, youthful male body, a reflection of the Greek penchant for athleticism and military prowess, and an indication of the fluid boundaries of their range of sexual appreciation. A widespread and important form was the kouros, a free-standing male figure often placed at tombs in honour of the deceased. Kore, female equivalents of the kouroi, were clothed, following the convention of the time, but equally focused on youth, charm, and ideal beauty.

During the fifth century B.C.E. a mood of great confidence developed among the Athenian people, spawned by their victory over the Persians in 490–479 B.C.E. and by continued Athenian leadership among the collected Greek city-states. Indeed, the Athenian leader Perikles, in his famous oration (431 B.C.E.) for soldiers fallen in the Peloponnesian War, affirmed the superiority of Athens in cultural affairs, stating that their dedication to citizenship, sacrifice, and intellect formed the moral core of Athenian greatness. This was a moment of revolution in artistic style. Ever more explicitly based on the ideals of the perfect body, sculptured figures expanded in movement and emotion, but always with a moderating balance of weight, proportion, and rhythm. Equally important was the sense of palpable reality; sculpture, rather than being made of unadorned marble or bronze, was often enhanced by details in other media to achieve, in restrained fashion, an extra degree of naturalism. In later eras, a belief in the “purity” of the art of the Greeks led critics to overlook these additions, but the Greeks themselves gave life to their figures by painting on the marble key parts such as lips or eyes; in bronze sculpture, the highest and most enduring form of artistic technique, one found such additions as glass eyes and silver eyelashes. Later Greeks and Greek colonists would make a specialty of coloured terracotta figurines. The realm of ancient Greek sculpture was a lively and at times colourful world.

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86. Anonymous. Apollo Sauroktonos, Hellenistic copy after a Greek original created during the 4th century B.C.E. by Praxiteles. Marble. Museo Pio Clementino, Vatican (Italy). Greek Antiquity.

87. Anonymous. Aphrodite of Knidos, copy after a Greek original created around 350 B.C.E. by Praxiteles. Marble. Museo Pio Clementino, Vatican (Italy). Greek Antiquity.

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