(101 things to know when you go) ON SAFARI IN AFRICA

(101 things to know when you go) ON SAFARI IN AFRICA
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On Safari in Africa is unlike any other travel guide to Africa. This is not a “where to go, where to stay, what to see” style of travel guide, rather, it is more a travel companion that aims to pick up where your Africa Travel Specialist leaves off (and even acts as your safari guide along the way). Along with pre-departure information, packing and travel tips it is also a comprehensive insight into the wildlife, landscapes, people and issues that surround the safari world.<br />Aimed at both first time travellers to Africa as well as those who have been on safari before, On Safari in Africa is prefaced on the notion that the more you know about a subject the more you will come to fully appreciate it – the more you learn, the more your fascination grows. On Safari in Africa seeks to heighten that fascination, and in so doing, enhance the safari experience.<br />On Safari in Africa has been designed to illustrate just how you can get more out of your safari to Africa. The process starts with some background on Africa; provides a check list of what you need to do before you leave home; takes you through what to expect on safari, including safari jargon and your safari guide; teaches you the nuances of learning to observe and question all that you see and hear; explains what we know about the habitats and animals you will encounter, their behaviour and physiology; provides you with a wealth of interesting facts about the wildlife; and introduces you to many other aspects of an African safari including birding, trees, insects and wild flowers and the night sky. A reference section discusses the people’s of Africa, photographic tips and finishes with a comprehensive glossary of safari terms and definitions.<br />On Safari In Africa picks up where your travel agent leaves off. With your safari itinerary and air tickets in hand, it is time to purchase your copy of On Safari In Africa.

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Patrick Brakspear. (101 things to know when you go) ON SAFARI IN AFRICA

ON SAFARI IN AFRICA

Map of Africa

CALL OF AFRICA

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Author’s note

DEDICATION

Why do people go to Africa?

What is a safari?

Africa - looking back

Archaeological significance

Early Man

Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

‘Lucy’ & ‘Ardi’ – Hadar, Ethiopia

‘Little foot’ & ‘Mrs Ples’ - Sterkfontein, South Africa

Turkana Boy

Jebel Irhoud, Morocco

Early Civilisations “Adam’s Calendar”

The Early Explorers

The Scramble for Africa

Africa - today

Mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts & forests

Mountains

Rivers

Lakes

Deserts

Forests

The Great Rift Valley

African Natural World Heritage Sites

Africa - looking forward

The good news

The not such good news

To Do List (before you go)

Some safari travel tips

Dietary requirements

Cash & Credit Cards

Cash

Credit & debit cards

ATM machines

Electric current

Country Plug type:

​Mobile (cell) phone & WiFi access

Check-in luggage

Hand luggage

Jewellery

Drinking water

Heat

Dust

Personal safety

Tipping

Tipping for gorilla trekking: trackers, guides + porters

Charity on safari

Keeping a travel journal

Tips for self-drivers

Dangers.

The African sun

HIV/AIDS (and Hep B.)

Ebola

Malaria

Malaria protection for younger children

Zika virus

Bilharzia (schistosomiasis)

African sleeping sickness (Nagana)

The Tsetse Fly

Rabies

Hepatitis A

Typhoid

Meningitis

Cholera

Tuberculosis (TB)

Polio

Tetanus

Yellow Fever

TRAVELLERS' DIARRHOEA (& PROBIOTICS)

MOTION SICKNESS

Vaccinations

Vaccination certificates

Vaccine recommendations for children

Considerations for families (& solo travellers)

Anti child-trafficking

General precautions

Swimming pools

Safety

Meals and meal times

Sleeping arrangements

Children’s activity programs

Age restrictions on activities

Pregnant Women (flying in small planes)

Tips for solo travellers

What to pack for your safari

Clothes and toiletries

Some suggestions:

Camera, video and binoculars

Phone, music, tablet or laptop

Passport, itinerary, travel insurance docs and etickets

Prescription glasses (sunglasses, hat, sunblock et al)

Prescription meds

Preventative pharmaceuticals

A ban on ALL plastic bags

Odds & ends

What to expect on safari

Be prepared for/to

Don’t expect

Do not be surprised/alarmed

Be sure to

Try to avoid

Think about…

Safari Jargon

Vehicle Etiquette

Safety on safari

A Warning:

Your safari guide

Guide styles

How to help your guide:

How to help yourself:

The difference between a safari guide and a driver/guide

Safari activity options

Thrill seeking

Active

Passive

So what types of activities are available ‘on safari’?

Safari camps vs. lodges vs. bush camps & fly-camps

So what different accommodation styles can you expect?

Wellness & Health Spas

What else you can expect on safari. Food & Wine

Beer is another story altogether…

Tea & Coffee

Meat & Veg

Shopping & Buying tips

Entertainment on safari

On the Breakfast Show

African Idol

On the Catwalk

Flower Power

The All Africa Games

African Opera

Ballet

Art Galleries

Circus Acts

The Night Life

Around the CAMP fire

The Sundowner

Final Check-List

Observing (& Questioning)

Standing, walking and running

Tails

Horns, tusks and teeth

Bills

Colouring & markings

Posture

Spoor (signs)

Habitat

Weather

Seasons

Smell & hearing

Smell

Hearing

Avoiding injury

Be pragmatic (survival is the key)

Sleep deprivation and dehydration

Life & Death in the African bush

Animal Behaviour

Who’s with whom?

Alpha pairs (dominance hierarchy)

Monogamous couples

The territorial male (or female)

Mixed herds

Bachelor herds (the lads)

Solitary (lonely hearts club)

Harems (polygamous)

Matriarchal and matrilineal (Mum rules)

Keeping a low profile

Who’s talking to whom?

Scent marking

Mutual grooming and greetings

Bulletin boards

Chemical signals

Vocal communication

Visual communication

Submission and aggression

The stare

Posturing

Size matters

More visual signs

Other behavioural traits

Nocturnal or Diurnal?

Terrestrial or Arboreal?

Browsers or Grazers?

How do they know to do that?

Why do they do that/why is it that?

Animal Physiology

Animal Senses (sight, sound & smell)

Sight

Hearing

Smell

Keeping out of trouble

Speed and deception

Sight, Sound & Smell

Early warning systems

Camouflage

Defence mechanisms

More anatomical specialisations and adaptations

Desert adaptations

Adaptations amongst birds

Melanism, Leucism and Albinism

What's in a name?

What's in a name?

Ungulates, Ruminants, Herbivores, Carnivores & Primates

Collective nouns - pod, herd, pack!

Rabbit or Hare?

Fireflies and Glow worms

Grubs, maggots and nymphs?

The African Elephant

African elephant ( Loxodonta africana )

Forest elephants

Desert-adapted elephants

The Ivory Story

Some Elephants of Distinction

The Big Cats (lion, leopard & cheetah)

Lion ( Panthera leo )

Leopard ( Panthera pardus )

Cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus )

Large Herbivores (buffalo, giraffe, rhino, hippo, zebra)

Buffalo ( Syncerus caffer )

Giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis )

Rhinoceros - Black (Diceros bicornis) & White (Ceratotherium simum)

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACK & WHITE RHINOCEROS

Hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibious )

Plains zebra ( Equus quagga )

So why do zebras have stripes?

Canids (wild dog, jackal, bat-eared fox)

African Wild dog ( Lycaon pictus )

Jackals (Genus Canis )

Bat-eared fox ( Otocyon megalotis)

Smaller cats & other carnivores

Caracal ( Caracal caracal )

Serval ( Leptailurus serval )

African Wild Cat ( Felis silvestris lybica )

Honey Badger ( Mellivora copensis )

Mongooses, Genets and Civets (Family Viverridae )

Nile Crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus )

The Big 5

The Little 5

Klipspringer ( Oreotragus oreotragus )

Dik Dik ( Madoqua kirkii )

Grysbok ( Raphicerus sharpei )

Oribi ( Ourebia ourebi )

Steenbok ( Raphicerus campestris )

The Shy 5 (aardvark, meerkat, porcupine, pangolin, elephant shrew)

Aardvark ( Orycteropus afer )

Meerkat ( Suricata suricate )

Porcupine ( Manis temminckii )

Pangolin ( Hystrix cristata )

Elephant shrew (Genus Elephantulus )

The Ugly 5 (hyena, wildebeest, warthog, marabou, vulture)

The Stately 5 (kudu, sable, oryx, eland, roan)

Greater kudu ( Tragelaphus strepsiceros )

Sable ( Hippotragus niger )

Oryx (O ryx gazella )

Eland ( Taurotragus oryx )

Roan ( Hippotragus equinus )

The Wet & The Swift. The Wet Ones (Tribe Reduncini)

Waterbuck ( Kobus ellipsiprymnus )

Sitatunga ( Tragelaphus spekeii )

Ugandan kob ( Kobus kob thomasi )

Lechwe ( Kobus leche )

Reedbuck ( Redunca arundinum )

The Swift Ones (Tribe Antilopini)

Thomson’s gazelle ( Gazella thomsonii )

Grant’s gazelle ( Gazella granti )

Springbok ( Antidorcas marsupialis )

Impala ( Aepyceros melampus )

Gerenuk ( Litocranius walleri )

The Mighty 5

The Ant Lion ( Neuroptera myrmeleontoidea )

The Mighty Dung Beetle ( Scarabaeinae coprinae )

The Formidable Termite ( Macrotermes sp. )

The Fearless Army Ant

The Flying Ace – the Dragonfly

Primates (gorilla, chimpanzee & baboon)

Mountain Gorilla ( Gorilla beringei )

Chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )

Baboons (Genus Papio )

Did you know...and it's just not true!

It's just not true!

That giraffe perform romantic ‘necking’ displays!

That hyenas are purely scavengers!

That the hippo kills more people in Africa each year than any other animal!

That male lions do not hunt!

That elephants get drunk from overindulging in the fruit of the marula tree!

That hippos kill more people than any other animal in Africa!

That hyenas are hermaphrodites!

That porcupines shoot their quills at their attackers!

That the Kalahari is a desert

That crocodiles store their prey under water until it rots!

That a cheetah's claws are more like a dog than a cat

That the source of the Nile is at Jinja on Lake Victoria

That ostriches bury their heads in the sand

That supporting 'lion petting' or 'walking with lions' helps research and bolsters lion numbers

That Rhino horn is considered to be an aphrodisiac

That China is the biggest importer of rhino horn, creating and continuing to drive the demand for poaching

Birding.

So what is ‘birding’ all about?

Some interesting facts about birds

Some other aspects of birding…

Colouration in birds

Avitourism

Grasses, flowers & trees

Grasses

Wild flowers

Africa’s Trees

Getting to know (a little) about trees on safari

Mopane (Colophospermun mopane)

Miombo Woodland

Acacia (re-classified as Vachellia or Senegalia)

Baobab (Adansonia Digitata)

African Palms

Medicinal uses of trees

The night sky.

Dark adapted eyes

Averted vision

Using binoculars

Star-gazing apps

What to look for… Stars

The Sun

Planets

The Moon

Constellations

The Celestial “Big 5”

Some Star gazing trivia

The impact of Man

The Impact of Man

Establishment of game reserves

Water points

Game fences

Country boundaries

Disease, fire, chemicals & Invasive species

Fire

Use of Chemicals

Invaders

Conservation in Africa

Some conservation issues for your consideration

Hunting – does it have a place?

Responsible Hunting

Fishing

Culling

The ivory trade

Wildlife must pay its way

Community based programs

Commercial attractions vs. orphanages & research centres

Responsible Tourism (Eco friendly)

The six principles of Fair Trade Tourism: Fair share

Fair say

Respect

Reliability

Transparency

Sustainability

A little about Ecotourism Kenya:

Carbon Neutral

Cultural interactions

Volunteer tourism

Plastic water bottles

Spotlighting at night

Educational initiatives

Philanthropic eco-investors

Why should we care?

The future of conservation

Africa - its people

The Peoples of Africa

Bantu, Khoisan & Pygmy peoples

Nilotic peoples

Arab, European & Asian influences

The Africans of today

Beliefs and practices

Greetings

Be aware

Keep calm (at all times)

Land Ownership

Time

Political Authority & Tribalism

Language

Religion

Marriage

Family

Names

Work

Cattle

Traditional healers

Cultural exchange (and the borrowing of beliefs and rituals)

Body decoration (& traditional attire)

African dance & music

African Superstitions & Folklore

African architecture

The Grande Mosque of Djenne

The Medieval Castles of Gondar & Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela (Ethiopia)

Great Zimbabwe (the Machu Picchu of Africa!)

African rock art

Greetings & other useful phrases

Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania & Uganda)

Pronunciation:

Greetings:

Forms of Address:

Hodi:

Food:

Numbers & time:

Stores & shops:

Animals:

Common words and phrases:

People:

Swahili words from English:

Other East African languages:

Tswana (Botswana)

Pronunciation tips:

Some simple Tswana phrases

Other Useful Phrases

Farewells:

Nyanja (Zambia & Malawi)

Greetings:

Useful Phrases:

Zulu (South Africa)

Useful Phrases:

Digital photography

What to take on safari

Other suggestions

Photographic tips

Taking good photographs on safari

What makes a good image?

More advanced topics

Taking photographs from a safari vehicle

Country maps

Animal spoor charts

Animal check list

Primates

Carnivores & Omnivores

Ungulates

A last word.

About the author

About the artist

Appendix A - Africa's World Heritage sites

Deserts

Earth's Crust

Forests

Great Rift

Mountains

Savannahs

Strange Worlds

Wetlands

Woodlands

Appendix B - Scientific & common names

Appendix C - Naming conventions

National Parks vs. Game Reserves vs. Conservancies and Private Game Reserves

National Park

Game Reserves

Game Management Area (GMA) or Safari Area

Private Concession Areas

Private Game Reserves & Conservancies

Intensive Protection Zone (IPZ)

Wildlife ownership

Wildlife Corridors

Community Based Tourism Projects

Appendix D - What is the point in saving endangered species?

Glossary

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When you've acquired a taste for dust,

The scent of our first rain,

.....

Meanwhile, some of the oldest trading nations in Europe abandoned Africa and new players emerged. The Dutch and Danes left the continent whereas Germany, Italy and Belgium moved in.

Elsewhere, the mineral wealth of the continent fixated and dazzled European adventurers. Soon casual commercial dealings were replaced by systematic exploitation and control. At the beginning of the 19th century the European grasp of African geography was confined mainly to the coast, but by the end of the century Europeans were straddling the continent with railways and roads. Now it was possible for them to take control - politically and commercially.

.....

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