Оглавление
Paul R. Waibel. Western Civilization
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Western Civilization. A Brief History
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I Ancient and Classical Civilization: An Overview
1 The Cradle of Civilization. Chronology
Birth of Civilization
Egypt
Hebrews
Hebrew Contribution to Western Civilization
Later Empires
References
Notes
2 The Ancient Greeks and Their World. Chronology
Minoan Civilization
Mycenaean Civilization
The Dark Ages (c. 1100–800 BC)
The Archaic Age (c. 800–480 BC)
Sparta and Athens
Persian Wars (492–449 BC)
The Classical Age (c. 480–338 BC)
The Hellenistic Age (323–31 BC)
Greek Society
Women in Greek Society
Slaves in Greek Society
Sex in Greek Society
Greek Philosophy
The Greek Legacy
References
Notes
3 The Roman World. Chronology
Early Republic
Early Conquest Under the Republic
Roman Expansion in the East
Decline of the Republic
Pax Romana
Roman Cultural Life
The Rise of Christianity
Decline of the Empire
References
Notes
Part II Europe in the Middle Ages: An Overview
4 The Birth of Europe. Chronology
Early Germanic Kingdoms. Goths
Franks
Anglo‐Saxons
Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire
New Invasions
Feudalism
Feudal System
Manorial System
Europe's Neighbors. The Byzantine Empire
Rise of Islam
References
5 Dawn of the Age of Faith. Chronology
Rise of the Papacy
Rise of Monasticism
Feudalism and the Church
Church Renewal
Crusades
Feudal Monarchies
England
France
Holy Roman Empire
References
Notes
6 The High Middle Ages, 1000–1300. Chronology
Faith and Reason
Medieval Synthesis
Medieval Model of the Universe
Medieval Art and Literature
Late Middle Ages, 1300–1500
Famine
Plague
Hundred Years' War, 1337–1453
References
Notes
Part III Birth of Modern Europe: An Overview
7 The Renaissance and Reformation. Chronology
Renaissance Italy
Renaissance Humanism
Leading Italian Humanists
Northern Renaissance
Leading Christian Humanists
Renaissance Art and Culture1
Protestant Reformation
Background
Mainline and Radical Reformation
Martin Luther
Huldrich Zwingli
John Calvin
Reformation in England
Catholic Reformation
Conflicts among the Protestant Reformers
Assessment
References
Notes
8 New Horizons. Chronology
Rise of the Nation‐States
Spain
France
England
Holy Roman Empire
Exploration and Discovery
Scientific Revolution
From Copernicus to Newton
Bacon and Descartes
Significance of the Scientific Revolution
References
Notes
9 Age of Enlightenment and Revolution. Chronology
Enlightenment
Enlightenment Political Theory
Social Contract Theorists
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean‐Jacques Rousseau
Montesquieu
Enlightened Despotism
French Revolution and Napoleon
Background
Moderate Phase, 1789–1791
Radical Phase, 1792–1794
End of the Terror and Return of the Moderates, 1794–1799
Napoleonic Period, 1799–1815
Enlightened Despot
Empire
References
Notes
Part IV Nineteenth Century: An Overview
10 Europe’s Great Powers in the Nineteenth Century. Chronology
Vienna Congress
Concert System
Latin America, Britain, and the United States
Greek War for Independence
Decembrist Revolt
Revolutions of 1830–1832
Revolutions of 1848
France
Germany
Austria
Rome
Why the Revolutions Failed
Unification of Italy and Germany
Italy
Germany
Paris Commune
References
Note
11 Industrial Revolution. Chronology
Origins
A Second Industrial Revolution
Free Trade
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Society
Child Labor
Women
Urbanization
Responses to Industrialization
Early Reform Efforts
Marxism and the Working Class
Marxism's Appeal
Orthodoxy and Revision
Socialism in Britain
Anarchism
References
12 Nineteenth‐Century Intellect and Culture. Chronology
Romanticism
Romantic Revolt and Immanuel Kant's Idealism
A Second Scientific Revolution
Darwin and Evolution
Reaction to Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Christian Response to Darwin
Social Darwinism
Positivism
Realism and Naturalism
Revolt Against Reason
Friedrich Nietzsche
Bergson, Sorel, Freud, and Einstein
References
Notes
13 Nineteenth‐Century Imperialism. Chronology
New Imperialism
Motives
Colonial Empires
Scramble for Africa
India
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
American Empire
References
Note
Part V The Crisis of Western Civilization: An Overview
14 The Great War: 1914–1918. Chronology
Prelude to the Great War
Explosion in the Balkans
1914
War in the Trenches
Modern Weapons of War
1915
Sausage Machine: 1916
Home Front
War around the World
Year of Decision: 1917
End of the War: 1918
References
Note
15 Peace and Disillusionment. Chronology
Paris Peace Conference: 1919
League of Nations
Disillusionment
Culture
Art
Literature
Popular Culture
Social Impact
References
Notes
16 A Failed Peace: 1919–1939. Chronology
Recovery and Prosperity
Great Britain
France
Weimar Germany
United States
Soviet Russia
Italy
The Great Depression
American Connection
Hitler’s Rise to Power
References
Notes
17 A Second Great War. Chronology
Road to War in Europe
Totalitarianism
Hitler and the Appeasers: 1933–1939
Blitzkrieg
Road to War in the Pacific
Turning of the Tide
Banality of Evil
Holocaust
No Room
References
Note
Part VI The End of Europe: An Overview
18 Cold War and Recovery: 1945–1962. Chronology
Origins of the Cold War
1946
Containment
Cold War in Asia
China
Vietnam
Europe
To the Brink of Nuclear War
Postwar Recovery
Rise of Christian Democracy
Building the Welfare State
Postwar America
References
19 Cold War: 1962–1991. Chronology
The Space Race
Globalizing the Cold War
Vietnam War
Turbulent 1960s
Paris: 1968
The Prague Spring: 1968
Economic Slump
Recovery
Revolution of 1989 and End of the Russian Revolution of 1917
References
Note
20 A New World Order. Chronology
Visions of a New World Order
War in the Balkans
Terrorism and War
Afghanistan
Iraq
Arab Spring
World Migration
The Search for Meaning in a Multicultural World3
Culture
Popular Culture
2000–2019
Worldwide Internet
Probing the Limits of Space
Human Genome Project
Western Civilization and the World
References
Notes
Index. a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
Отрывок из книги
Paul R. Waibel
The growth of what is commonly referred to as “non‐traditional” education has required a rethinking of how core courses are taught and what can be required from the students enrolled in them. Such courses are often marketed as a means for working adults to complete a degree once started, but interrupted. Frequently, adult students need to take a semester or two of history survey to meet a core requirement. Hence, courses in Western Civilization or World History are offered. Students may be required to attend evening classes that meet once a week for six to eight weeks, during which an entire semester's work is completed. At one point in my career, I was assigned to teach a one‐semester course in Western Civilization in a weeks as part of a non‐traditional adult program. Increasingly, non‐traditional courses are taught online, either live or prerecorded. Adult students taking these condensed courses, while at the same time trying to juggle work, family, and other of life's daily demands usually have very little time to spend reading the traditional survey history textbook.
.....
The Hyksos invaders enjoyed the advantage of advanced military organization and technology. The Egyptian army was outdated both in its weaponry and its emphasis on infantry. They relied on their infantry organized into sections of spearmen, bowmen, and archers. Their main weapons were the mace, a solid shaft with a heavy round head used to bludgeon the enemy, and a simple bow. One can only imagine the fear that must have possessed the Egyptians when confronted with a mobile army of warriors with lightweight, horse‐drawn chariots. The Egyptians had never seen horses before. Furthermore, the Hyksos warriors had a new composite bow that could fire an arrow at least 200 yards further than the simple bows used by the Egyptians. They wore helmets and body armor and carried penetrating axes, swords, and quivers of arrows. Weapons made of bronze gave the Hyksos a decisive advantage on the battlefield, and subsequently brought Egypt into the Bronze Age.
The Hyksos controlled Lower Egypt, while Upper Egypt remained under a native Egyptian line that ruled from Thebes. Pharaoh Ahmose I (1570–1546 BC) eventually drove the Hyksos out of Egypt and pursued them north into Palestine as far as the Euphrates River. Ahmose I also led a campaign south into Nubia. Ahmose I's reign marks the beginning of the New Kingdom, or the Egyptian Empire (1550–1069 BC). His conquered lands were consolidated and expanded by his successors, Amenhotep I (1546–1526 BC), Thutmose I (1525–1512 BC), Thutmose II (1512–1504 BC), and Thutmose III (1504–1450). Babylon, Assyria, and the Hittite Empire were compelled to send tribute annually to Egypt.
.....
