Оглавление
Pauline Pears. Organic Book of Compost
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS GARDEN COMPOST?
A METHOD FOR EVERY SITUATION
GARDEN ORGANIC
COMPOSTING FOR GROWING
COMPOST AS WASTE DISPOSAL
EDUCATION AND SUPPORT
FROM PIGS TO WORMS
DANGERS?
FULL CIRCLE
BENEFITS TO YOU
ORGANIC GARDENING
SAVING MONEY AND TIME
SLIM YOUR BIN
SLIM YOURSELF
ENGAGING CHILDREN
BENEFITS TO THE GARDEN
NO MORE BONFIRES!
BENEFITS FOR THE FUTURE ENVIRONMENT
SAVING PEAT BOGS
WILDLIFE HABITAT
REDUCE GREENHOUSE GASSES
SUSTAINABLE AND LOCAL MEANS ENERGY EFFICIENT
CUT LANDFILL
CONCLUSIONS
WHERE TO START
EQUIPMENT
LOCATION
COMPOSTING MATERIALS
CHOOSING THE RIGHT METHOD FOR YOU
CHOOSING THE RIGHT METHOD FOR YOU
HOW COMPOSTING WORKS
THE NATURAL COMPOSTING PROCESS
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
WHAT IS NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE COMPOSTING. RAW MATERIALS
WATER
AIR
WARMTH
COLLECTING MATERIALS FOR YOUR COMPOST HEAP
KITCHEN MATERIALS
HOUSEHOLD MATERIALS
GARDEN MATERIAL
MATERIALS SOURCED FROM THE LOCALITY
HOW TO MAKE COMPOST
QUICK OR SLOW COMPOSTING?
HOW TO MAKE A “COOL” COMPOST HEAP
HOW TO MAKE A “HOT” COMPOST HEAP
CHOPPING AND SHREDDING
SHREDDERS
TURNING AND AERATING
COMPOST TUMBLERS
GETTING COMPOST OUT OF THE BIN
DALEK-TYPE BIN
BEEHIVE-TYPE BIN
WOODEN OR WIRE-NETTING BINS
WILL IT COMPOST?
SHOULD I PUT IT ON MY COMPOST HEAP?
OTHER COMPOSTING METHODS
“GREENS” AND “BROWNS”
WHAT CAN I COMPOST?
PLANT MATERIALS
KITCHEN WASTE
ANIMAL PRODUCTS
ANIMAL WASTE
PACKAGING AND PAPER
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
BUYING A COMPOST BIN
FEATURES OF A GOOD COMPOST BIN
What is it made of?
How heavy is it?
Solid or slatted sides
Volume and dimensions
Keeping it covered
Base
Rat-proofing
Static or mobile
Filling the bin
Getting it out
MAKING YOUR OWN COMPOST BIN
STRAW BALE BIN
POST AND WIRE BIN
RECYCLED WOODEN PALLETS
DIY SECTIONAL COMPOST BIN
Size
Materials and tools
TWO-BAY WOODEN COMPOST BIN
WHERE TO PLACE YOUR COMPOST BIN
PERMANENT SPOT OR MOVE IT AROUND?
WHY WORM COMPOSTING?
HOW TO START
COMPOSTING WORMS
HOW WORMS WORK
GETTING YOUR WORMS
WHAT WORMS NEED
TYPES OF WORM COMPOST BINS
MATERIALS
DESIGN
MAKING AND SETTING UP YOUR OWN WORM BIN
MAKING A WORM COMPOST BIN FROM A PLASTIC BIN
MAKING A WORM BIN FROM OTHER RECYCLED MATERIALS. SHALLOW WOODEN BOX
PLASTIC CRATE
DIY INSULATED WORM BIN
WHAT WORMS EAT
FEEDING THE WORMS
HARVESTING THE WORM COMPOST
STACKING TIERED WORM BIN
NON-STACKING WORM BIN
LEAF MOLD
HOW TO MAKE LEAF MOLD
MULCHING
GRASS CLIPPINGS
NEWSPAPERS AND CARDBOARD
AUTUMN LEAVES
STRAW AND HAY
HIGH-FIBER HEAP
GRASS-BOARDING
BOKASHI SYSTEM
BOKASHI TREATMENT
BOKASHI LIQUID FEED
GREEN CONE
HOW TO USE A GREEN CONE
APPLE WORM HEAP
TO MAKE AN APPLE WORM HEAP
PLANT SUPPORT STRUCTURES
WILDLIFE HEAP
SHREDDING AND CHIPPINGS
MAKING SHREDDING AND CHIPPING COMPOST
NASTY WEED HEAP AND WEED BAG
USING THE NASTY WEED HEAP METHOD
USING THE WEED BAG METHOD
TRENCH COMPOSTING
MAKING A COMPOST TRENCH
TUMBLER COMPOSTING
USING A TUMBLER
METHOD: COMPOST TOILETS
WHAT DOES COMPOST DO?
USING COMPOST. WHEN IS IT READY?
WHEN TO APPLY
HOW MUCH COMPOST
WHERE SHOULD IT GO?
Rough compost
“Weedy” compost
Fine crumbly compost
Sifted compost
USING WORM COMPOST. WHEN IS IT READY?
WHERE SHOULD IT GO?
USING AUTUMN LEAVES AND LEAF MOLD
Newly fallen leaves
Young leaf mold
Well-rotted leaf mold
Comfrey leaf compost
USING COMPOSTED WOODCHIPS AND SHREDDINGS
COMPOST USE IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
VEGETABLE PLOT
FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES
LAWNS
ORNAMENTALS
POTS AND CONTAINERS
MAKING YOUR OWN SEED AND POTTING MIXES. SEED SOWING MIXES
POTTING MIXES
WHO LIVES IN THE BIN?
NO PESTICIDES PLEASE
WHO EATS WHOM?
LEVEL ONE DECOMPOSERS – BACTERIA AND FUNGI. BACTERIA
FUNGI AND ACTINOMYCETES
LEVELS TWO AND THREE DECOMPOSERS
ANIMALS WITH NO LEGS. Nematodes
Enchytraeids
Brandling worms
Slugs and snails
ANIMALS WITH SIX LEGS. Ants
Springtails
Bristletails
Earwigs
Beetles
Flies (mainly true flies with two wings)
Fungus gnats
ANIMALS WITH EIGHT LEGS. Spiders
Daddy longlegs
False scorpions
Mites
ANIMALS WITH MORE THAN EIGHT LEGS. Millipedes
Centipedes
Woodlice
EXPLORING YOUR COMPOST HEAP
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE COMPOSTABLE WASTE WE THROW AWAY?
COMPOSTING WITH THE COMMUNITY
LEARNING WITH COMPOST
MASTER COMPOSTERS
MAKING COMPOST
A HOME FOR YOUR COMPOST
WORM COMPOSTING
THE CREATURES IN YOUR COMPOST BIN
HEALTH AND SAFETY
RESOURCES. Garden Organic
Garden Organic Home Composting and Master Composters
The Organic Gardening Catalog
Organics Recycling Group
Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT)
Bio-based and Biodegradable Industries Association
Compost Education Centre
Composting Council Research and Education Foundation
Compost Now
Cornell University
DEFRA
Local government websites
Minibeasts – an identification guide
Recycle Now
The Field Studies Council
Picture credits
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Harriet Kopinska PhD
Jane Griffiths MA
Heather Jackson BSc (Hons)
Pauline Pears MSc
