Оглавление
Paul Preston. Franco
DEDICATION
CONTENTS
PROLOGUE The Enigma of General Franco
I. THE MAKING OF A HERO. 1892–1922
II. THE MAKING OF A GENERAL. 1922–1931
III. IN THE COLD. Franco and the Second Republic, 1931–1933
IV. IN COMMAND. Franco and the Second Republic, 1934–1936
V. THE MAKING OF A CONSPIRATOR. Franco and the Popular Front, 1936
VI. THE MAKING OF A GENERALÍSIMO. July – August 1936
VII. THE MAKING OF A CAUDILLO. August – November 1936
VIII. FRANCO AND THE SIEGE OF MADRID. October 1936–February 1937
IX. THE AXIS CONNECTION. Guadalajara & Guernica, March – April 1937
X. THE MAKING OF A DICTATOR. Franco & the Unificación, April 1937
XI. FRANCO’S WAR OF ANNIHILATION. May 1937–January 1938
XII. TOTAL VICTORY. February 1938–April 1939
XIII. BASKING IN GLORY. The Axis Partnership, April – September 1939
XIV. THE MAN WHO WOULD BE EMPEROR. The Defeat of France, 1940
XV. THE PRICE OF EMPIRE. Franco and Hitler, September – October 1940
XVI. IN THE WINGS. Franco & the Axis November 1940–February 1941
XVII. TOWARDS A NEW CRUSADE. February 1941–January 1942
XVIII. WATCHING THE TIDE TURN. January – December 1942
XIX. THE HERO AS CHAMELEON. January 1943–January 1944
XX ‘FRANCO’S VICTORY’ January 1944–May 1945
XXI. THE HERO BESIEGED. 1945–1946
XXII. A WINNING HAND. 1947–1950
XXIII. THE SENTINEL OF THE WEST. 1950–1953
XXIV. YEARS OF TRIUMPH AND CRISIS. 1953–1956
XXV. LEARNING TO DELEGATE. Homo Ludens, 1956–1960
XXVI. INTIMATIONS OF MORTALITY. 1960–1963
XXVII. PREPARING FOR IMMORTALITY. 1964–1969
XXVIII. THE LONG GOODBYE. 1969–1975
EPILOGUE ‘No enemies other than the enemies of Spain’
NOTES. PROLOGUE
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII
CHAPTER XIV
CHAPTER XV
CHAPTER XVI
CHAPTER XVII
CHAPTER XVIII
CHAPTER XIX
CHAPTER XX
CHAPTER XXI
CHAPTER XXII
CHAPTER XXIII
CHAPTER XXIV
CHAPTER XXV
CHAPTER XXVI
CHAPTER XXVII
CHAPTER XXVIII
EPILOGUE
SOURCES
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
PRAISE
OTHER WORKS
COPYRIGHT
ABOUT THE PUBLISHER
Отрывок из книги
For James and Christopher
Title Page
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For his bravery in a battle at Beni Salem on the outskirts of Tetuán on 1 February 1914, the twenty-one year-old Franco was promoted to captain ‘por méritos de guerra’, with effect from that date although it was not announced until 15 April 1915. He was building a reputation as a meticulous and well-prepared field officer, concerned about logistics, provisioning his units, map-making, camp security. Twenty years later, Franco told a journalist that to stave off boredom in Morocco, he had devoured military treatises, memoirs of generals and descriptions of battles.50 By 1954, he had inflated this to the point of telling the English journalist S.F.A. Coles rather implausibly that, in his off-duty hours in Morocco, he had studied history, the lives of the great military commanders, the ancient Stoics and philosophers and works of political science.51 This later reconstruction by Franco contrasted curiously with the assertion of his friend and first biographer that he spent every available moment either at the parapet watching for the enemy through his binoculars or else surveying the terrain on horseback in order to improve his unit’s maps.52
Whatever Franco did in his spare time, it was during this period that anecdotes began to be told about his apparent imperturbability under fire. He was said to be cold and serene in his risk-taking rather than recklessly brave. He was already making good his low position in the pass list of his year at the Academy (promoción). This came near to costing him his life during a large-scale clean-up operation against guerrilla tribesmen who were massing in the hills around Ceuta in June 1916. The guerrillas had their main support point about six miles to the west of the town, in the mountain top village of El Biutz, which dominated the road from Ceuta to Tetuán and was protected by a line of trenches manned by machine-gunners and riflemen. Rigidly constrained by their own field regulations, the Spaniards could be expected to make a frontal assault up the slope. As they were advancing, being decimated by fire from the trenches above, other tribesman planned to pour down the back of the hill, sweep around below the Spaniards and trap them in a cross-fire.
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