Digital Universe
Реклама. ООО «ЛитРес», ИНН: 7719571260.
Оглавление
Peter B. Seel. Digital Universe
Digital Universe. The Global Telecommunication Revolution
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Preface
Acknowledgments
Key Terms and Abbreviations
1 Immersion in the Digital Universe
The Social Media Universe
Polarization and Division in the Digital Universe
Navigating This Text
A Few Closing Thoughts about Cybernetics
Notes
2 The Future of Moore’s Law in the Digital Universe
The Prediction
Implications for Computing and the Digital Universe
Technological Determinism
The Social Construction of Technology
The Future of Moore’s Law
Notes
3 Critical Perspectives
Tweets, Texts, Alerts, and the Age of Interruption
Jacques Ellul’s Critique of Technology
The Tao of Digital Technology – Yin and Yang
Our Digital Future
Negotiating the Role of Technology in Modern Life
Notes
4 Origins of the Internet. Beginnings
DARPA’s Information Processing Technology Office
Paul Baran and the Survivable Communications Network
Development of the ARPANET
Licklider to Taylor to Roberts at ARPA
Building the ARPANET
The Father of All Demos47
Notes
5 Internet Evolution
Part 1 – From ARPANET to Internet
The Development of TCP/IP
The Emergence of the Personal Computer
Internet Growth in the 1980s
Notes
6 The Web. The First Web of Information
Vannevar Bush and the Creation of Memex
Ted Nelson’s Dream of Xanadu and Douglas Engelbart’s oN-Line System
The Development of the Web
Mosaic, AOL, and the Growth of the Web
Web 2.0 and the Architecture of Participation
Facebook as a Case Study
Notes
7 Telecommunication and the “Flat” World “What Hath God Wrought.”
The Atlantic Cable
Communication, Empire, and Harold Innis
Evolution of the Flat World
Notes
8 Wired and Wireless Technologies
A Telephonic Love Affair
Wired Is Not Tired
The Diffusion of Broadband Internet Access
The Global Mobile Phone Revolution
The Future of Global Wireless Telephony
The Evolution of AT&T
Notes
9 Digital Media Convergence. Convergence
Analog to Digital
Xerox’s PARC
Atoms and Bits – Benefits to Digitization
Five Digital Attributes
Notes
10 The Public and Private Internet
Internet Management and Governance
Privatization of the US Internet in the 1990s
The International Struggle Over Internet Governance
The Day that Jon Postel Seized Control of the Top-Level Domains
ICANN as the Middle Path
The Internet as a Medium of Democratic Communication
The Social Embeddedness of the Internet
Notes
11 Censorship and Global Cyberculture
Censoring the Internet
Internet Censorship in Iran
The Great Firewall of China
The US Government and WikiLeaks
Cyberwarfare in the Digital Universe
Information and Communication Technology Use in the Global Village
Notes
12 Privacy and Surveillance
Privacy and the Digital Universe
Citizenfour
Privacy and Population
Changing Public Perceptions of Privacy
Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation
The Online Privacy Continuum
The Surveillance Society
Face Recognition as a Surveillance Tool
The Invisible Databases
Surveillance Capitalism
The Cambridge Analytica Case
Notes
13 Artificial Intelligence and Telecommunication
Artificial Intelligence and Life in the Cloud
The Future of the Cloud
Augmented Human Intelligence
The Turing Test
Artificial Intelligence
Future AI Applications
Predictions of Superhuman Intelligence
Critical Perspectives on the Singularity
AI Ethics
Implications for AI and the Future of Telecommunication
AI and the Future of Humanity
Notes
14 Alternative Digital Realties
Distance Education as Augmented Reality
The Sensorama and Morton Heilig
The State of Digital Reality
Sketchpad and Computer Graphics
Virtual Reality
From ArchMac to Google Earth
Video Games as Virtual Worlds
Two Early Virtual Worlds: Second Life and World of Warcraft
Minecraft
The Rise of E-Sports and League of Legends
Augmented Reality
Notes
15 The Future of the Digital Universe
The Future of the Internet of Things
The Future of Cyberwarfare
A Humanistic Perspective on the Digital Future
Notes
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
Отрывок из книги
Peter B. Seel Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado
Second Edition
.....
Part IV begins with Chapter 10’s focus on the battles over public and private control of the internet. The role of e-commerce is studied in the context of this struggle for control over the past 20 years. In Chapter 11 we examine global cyberculture and the role of digital telecommunication in fostering this new culture. The perspectives of media critic Marshall McLuhan are examined in light of what he called the electronically connected “global village.” Digital divide issues are studied in terms of disparities in access to these digital services in various parts of the world. The emergence of global social networks is an outgrowth of the bonds formed by early pioneers on the internet that transcended space and time. However, there are attempts by some governments to limit free access to the internet and these are examined in the context of national priorities that promote censorship and the construction of intentional barriers to the free flow of information. Chapter 12 deals with the “dark side” of the internet. It examines online privacy issues and the threats to personal privacy and data security posed by hackers, surveillance, and facial recognition.
The final section – Part V – is focused on the evolution of new telecommunication and digital technologies that will affect global societies in the coming decades. Chapter 13 explores the topics of artificial intelligence and machine learning and how they will affect telecommunication in the latter part of the twenty-first century. The proliferation of AI-enhanced smart devices and the Internet of Things will be examined from a telecommunication perspective. Chapter 14 examines the creation of virtual worlds that humans can inhabit through participation in online games. Digital games have come of age in the past two decades and have achieved a remarkable level of realism that makes active participation compelling. The chapter will also examine new applications of immersive augmented realities that superimpose computer-generated images over related scenes in the material world. The book concludes with Chapter 15 which provides several perspectives on the future of the digital universe. The immediate future is bright as Moore’s law drives down the cost of digital tools while greatly improving their power and our access to them. As the digital divide shrinks, more humans will have access to these tools to connect and work with others. Some future scenarios are utopian – that humans will co-evolve with technology and adopt the best aspects of artificial intelligence and memory. Others are dystopian – that machine intelligence will eventually surpass that of humans and our role in the future may be that of maintenance staff for the robotic world. The reality will likely be somewhere between these polar visions. Why spend time thinking about these futures? Each of you will spend your lifetime living there, so giving some critical thought to these scenarios may be instructive. I hope you enjoy this journey through the digital universe as a virtual road map for connected life in the decades ahead.
.....