Оглавление
Peter Foerthmann. SELF-STEERING UNDER SAIL
Imprint
Foreword
1. The history of self-steering
The First Windvane Steering System
The First Cockpit Autopilot
2. Windvane Steering. Systems versus Autopilots
Why autopilots?
3. Autopilots. How they work
Cockpit Autopilots for Tiller Steering
Cockpit Autopilots for Wheel Steering
Inboard Autopilots
The Three Modules of an Inboard Autopilot. Control unit
Central processing unit
a. Course computer
b. Fluxgate compass
c. Rudder position indicator
d. Windvane (optional) e. Peripherals
Drive unit
a. Linear drive unit:
b. Linear/hydraulic drive unit:
c. Hydraulic drive units:
d. Chain drive unit:
Integrated Systems
The Windvane Transducer
Power Consumption
a. Length and displacement of the vessel
b. Type of rudder
c. Speed with which corrective rudder movements must be made
d. Sail trim, weather helm
e. Sea conditions
f. Desired steering precision
Conserving power
Range of adjustment of an autopilot
The Limits of Autopilots
Electromagnetic Interference
Extreme Sailing
Autopilots for Different Purposes. Holiday and weekend sailing
Coastal Sailing
Blue Water Sailing
Racing
A. Fully crewed boats:
B. ULDBs in singlehanded races:
4. Windvane Steering Systems
The Windvane
The Vertical Vane. How it works
Adjustment
Shape
Area
Counterweight
Availability
The Horizontal Vane. How it works
Adjustment
Shape
Mounting and removal
Counterweight
Area
The Linkage
The Rudder
Auxiliary Rudder
Pendulum Rudder
Trim Tab
Prebalancing the rudder
Damping
Damping at the windvane. V vane:
H vane:
Damping at the linkage
1. Auxiliary rudder with V vane:
2. Auxiliary rudder with H vane:
3. Trim tab:
4. Servo-pendulum gear
5. Double rudder systems rely on the damping of the servo-pendulum system. they incorporate. The categories are:
Damping at the rudder. 1. Auxiliary rudders steer directly and are reset/damped by the pressure of the water flowing past. 2. Pendulum rudder:
3. Double rudder:
5. Types of System. Windvane Only
Auxiliary Rudder System
Effective steering
Categories of auxiliary rudder system
Auxiliary rudder with H vane
The advantages of auxiliary rudder systems
The disadvantages of auxiliary rudder systems
Installation
Auxiliary rudder system manufacturers:
Trim-Tab-on-Auxiliary-Rudder Systems. How they work
Length of lever = servo force:
Advantages and disadvantages. Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Installation
Trim-tab-on-auxiliary-rudder system manufacturers:
Trim-Tab-on-Main-Rudder Systems. How they work
Trim-tab-on-main-rudder system manufacturers:
Servo-Pendulum Systems
How they work
The servo principle
Yaw damping
The push rod
Steering force transmission
Steering line travel
Transmission to a tiller
Fine-trimming with tiller steering
Transmission to mechanical wheel steering
Setting the wheel adaptor
Transmission to hydraulic wheel steering
Transmission to an emergency tiller
Overload protection. A. In the transmission components
B. In the rudder shaft
The pendulum rudder: material, buoyancy, shape and balance
Setting the windvane to the wind direction. V vane
H vane
Ease of installation
Installation position
The big misconception
Ease of use. Removal
Operation
Dimensions and weight
Advantages and disadvantages
H vane servo-pendulum systems:
Double Rudder Systems. How they work
System suitability
SAILOMAT 3040
PACIFIC PLUS
Use with hydraulic steering
Fields of use
The ultimate limits of windvane steering
Ocean racing
6. Choosing a System. Materials
Bearings
Maintenance
DIY Construction
Building a New Boat
Types of Boat
Long keel boats
Intermediate length keel boats
Fin keel and balanced rudder
Centre-board or internal ballast
Multihulls. Catamarans
Trimarans
Rig: Sloop, Cutter, Yawl or Ketch
Swim Ladders, Swim Platforms and Davits
Mounting a Windvane Gear
Vessel Size
Man Overboard Function
Summary
7. Synthesis of Autopilot and Windvane Steering Systems
Double rudder gears:
8. At a Glance. System Comparison: Autopilots versus Windvane steering systems
Autopilot: Pros
Autopilot: Cons
Windvane steering system: Pros
Windvane steering system: Cons
The Ultimate Limits of Self-steering
Sail trim is always important
9. The Present Situation
Autopilot
Windvane steering system
Cockpit autopilot/windvane steering system synthesis
Size
Design
Speed potential
Steering
Cockpit positioning
Use
Trends
Practical Tips
Distribution
10. The Market. A to Z of Manufacturers. Autopilots. AUTOHELM
BENMAR
BROOKES & GATEHOUSE
NAVICO
CETREK
NECO
ROBERTSON
SEGATRON
SILVA
VDO
VETUS
Windvane Steering Systems. ARIES (System type 11)
ATLAS
ATOMS
AUTO-HELM
AUTO-STEER
BOUVAAN
BWS TAURUS (System type 6)
CAPE HORN
FLEMING
HYDROVANE
LEVANTER
MONITOR
MUSTAFA
NAVIK
RVG
SAILOMAT (System types 11 and 12)
SAYE’S RIG
SCHWINGPILOT
WINDPILOT
WINDTRAKKER
