Оглавление
Peter P. Wan. Asia Past and Present
Table of Contents
Guide
Pages
Asia Past and Present. A Brief History
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Introduction to Part 1 Asian and Non-Asian Cultures Interact to circa 1850 CE
1 Cultures and the Development of Core Asian Civilizations
What Is Asia?
What Is Culture?
Timeline: Cultures and the Development of Core Asian Civilizations
Cultural Categories
Paleolithic Culture
Neolithic Culture
Pastoral Nomadic Culture
Civilized Culture
Ancient Indian Civilization
Ancient Chinese Civilization
The Ongoing Influence of India and China in Asia
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
2 The Land and the People of Ancient China to 221 BCE: Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties
Introduction to the Study of Chinese History
Timeline: Ancient China
The Land and the People in Paleolithic and Neolithic Times
China in the Bronze Age: The Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou Dynasties
China Enters the Iron Age: The Eastern Zhou Dynasty, 770–221 BCE
The Golden Age of Classical Chinese Philosophy: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism
Kong Zi and Confucianism
Lao Zi and Daoism
Legalism: Xun Zi and Han Fei Zi
Suggested Readings and Viewings
3 China’s First Empire: The Qin and Han Dynasties, 221 BCE–220 CE
The Founding of China’s First Empire: The Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE)
Timeline: Qin and Han Dynasties and the Era of Division, 221 BCE–581 CE
The Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE): The Consolidation of China’s System of Empire
Disunity and the “Melting Pot” (220–581)
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Note
4 The Golden Age of Imperial China: The Sui and Tang Dynasties, 581–960
Timeline: Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, 581–960
The Sui Dynasty (581–618): Reunification
The Tang Dynasty (618–907): The “Golden Age” of Imperial China
Tang’s Capital Chang’an and the Silk Road
Government and Law
Land and Tax Reform
Confucianism and the System of Imperial Examinations for the Civil Service
The “Golden Age” of Classical Chinese Poetry
Buddhism
The Shift of China’s Economic Center from the Yellow to the Yangtze River Valley
Suggested Readings and Viewings
5 The Peaking of Traditional Chinese Civilization: The Song and Yuan Dynasties, 960–1368
The Song Dynasty (960–1279): The Epitome of Traditional Chinese Civilization
Timeline: Song and Yuan Dynasties, 960–1368
Wang Anshi’s Reforms, 1069–1085
The Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368): China under Mongol Rule
The “Four Great Inventions”
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Note
6 The Decline of Imperial China: The Ming and Early Qing Dynasties, 1368–1840
The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644): Powerful, Majestic, Conservative, and Brutal
Timeline: Ming and Early Qing Dynasties, 1368–1842
Why?
Why Not?
China under Sinicized Manchu Rule: The Early Qing Dynasty (1644–1839)
Suggested Readings and Viewings
7 Premodern Japan and Korea. Premodern Japan
Ancient Japan: The Land and the People (to the Seventh Century)
Premodern Japan to circa 1868
The Age of the Kings and Emperors (Seventh–Twelfth Centuries)
The “Age of the Shogun” (Twelfth–Sixteenth Centuries)
Premodern Korea. Ancient Korea: The Land and the People
Timeline: Premodern Korea to 1897
Traditional Korea
Foreign Invasions of Korea
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Note
8 The Formation of Indian Civilization: 1200 BCE–185 BCE
Aryan Conquest
Timeline: India, 1500–185 BCE
Vedic Period
Religion
Jainism
Buddhism
Republics and Monarchies, 600–321 BCE
Mauryan Empire (321–185 BCE)
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
9 The Hindu Synthesis at Home: 185 BCE–1200 CE
The Emergence of India’s Cultural and Geographical Contours
Timeline: Hindu Synthesis at Home, 185 BCE–1200 CE
Regionalism and Foreign Invaders: Northern India and Central Asia, 185 BCE–1200 CE
Indian Politics, Religion, and Commerce: Domestic Developments and Their Influences Abroad
Central and Southern India and Ceylon, circa 300–1200
Hindu Synthesis and Non‐Hindu Religions
Conclusions
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
10 The Indianization of South, Central, Southeast, and East Asia: 185 BCE–1200 CE
Indian Culture beyond India
Timeline: Indian Cultural Influence beyond India, 184 BCE to Fourteenth Century CE
India in Ceylon/Sri Lanka and the Himalayan Kingdoms
India in Persia, Afghanistan, and Central and Inner Asia
India in Southeast Asia
India in China and East Asia
Conclusions
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
11 India under Islamic Rule: The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, 1206–1707
Introduction
Islamic Expansion into India: The Background
India under Muslim Rule, 1206–1707
The Delhi Sultanate, 1206–1526
The Mughal Empire, 1526–1858
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
12 On the Indian and Chinese Northern Frontiers: Asian Empires and Kingdoms on the Central and Inner Asian Steppe, circa 1100–1850
Introduction
The Mongol Empire
Empires on the Indian and Chinese Northern Frontiers, 1100–1850
Great Khans. Great Khans
The Manchu Empire
Qianlong Emperor’s Assessment of His Military Campaigns on China’s Frontiers, 1792
Siberia
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
13 On the Indian and Chinese Southern Frontiers: Asian Empires and Kingdoms in Southeast Asia, circa 1100–1850
Development of Kingdoms in Southeast Asia
Emergence of Kingdoms and Arrival of Europeans in Southeast Asia
Cambodia/Kampuchea
Siam/Thailand
Burma/Myanmar
Indonesia
Philippines and Guam
Vietnam
Le Loi on Sino‐Vietnamese Relations
Suggested Readings and Videos
Notes
14 European Empires in Asia: The Foundations for Revolutionary Transformation, circa 1500–1850
Introduction
The Revolutionary West in Asia
Revolutionary Western Civilization
The Kangxi Emperor on Scientific Method
Revolutionary Western Civilization Moves East
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
Introduction to Part 2 The Age of Transformations: Nationalism and Modernization in the Era of Global Wars and the Search for New Social Arrangements, circa 1800 to Present
15 Foreign Incursions, Domestic Challenges, and Late Qing Dynastic Decline: China’s Long Road to Modernization, 1840–1911
Introduction
First and Second Opium Wars Reduce Imperial China to a Semi‐Colony
Timeline of Late Qing Dynasty China, 1839–1911
The Tianjin Incident
Rebellion and Reform
The Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864
The Self‐Strengthening Movement (1860s–1890s) and the First Sino‐Japanese War (1894–1895)
The Imperial Hundred Days of Reform in 1898
The Boxer Rebellion and Foreign Intervention, 1900
Empress Dowager Cixi’s Reforms and the End of Dynastic Government, 1900–1911
Selected Readings and Viewings
Notes
16 The Birth of Republicanism in China, 1911–1949
The Republican Revolution (1911) and the Founding of the Republic of China (1912)
Timeline for Republican China, 1912–1949
Warlordism (1916–1928)
The May 4th Movement (1919)
The Chinese Nationalist Party (GMD) and Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Jiang and the Republic of China: The Nanjing Decade (1928–1937)
The Second Sino‐Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II (1939–1945)
The Nationalist‐Communist Civil War, 1945–1949
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Note
17 The People’s Republic of China, 1949–
Mao’s 27 Years (1949–1976)
The Korean War (1950–1953)
The Consolidation of One‐Party Rule in a Communist Regime
The “Great Leap Forward”
Mao’s Cultural Revolution (1966–1976): A “Ten‐Year Disaster”
Deng Xiaoping’s Reforms (1978–1989)
Problems
Suggested Readings and Viewings
18 Japan’s Rapid Modernization, 1868–1918
Meiji Restoration, 1868–1873
Timeline for Japan’s Rapid Modernization, 1868–1918
Emergence of Modern Japan
Education
The Economy
The Military
Intellectual Trends
On the War Path to Build an Empire
The Russo‐Japanese War, 1904–1905
Japan and World War I, 1914–1918
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
19 Japan Goes from Liberalism to Militarism, 1918–1945
Timeline for Taisho Emperor, 1912–1926
The Era of Party Government, 1918–1931
Taisho Foreign Policy
Timeline for the Showa Emperor, 1926–1989
The Ascendance of Militarism in the 1930s
Japan in the Second Sino‐Japanese War and World War II, 1937–1945
The Outbreak of the Second Sino‐Japanese War, 1937
Japan’s Sneak Attack on Pearl Harbor and the Outbreak of World War II
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Note
20 Japan since World War II
Japan’s American Revolution, 1945–1952
Timeline for Japan after 1945
Japan’s Transformation during the Cold War, 1952–1989
Japan in Recent Years
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
21 Korea in Modern Times
Foreign Incursions
Timeline for Modern Korea, 1860–1945
Early Efforts at Modernization and Japanese Influence
The Gaehwapa Party and the Gapsin Coup of 1884
The Donghak Peasant Rebellion (1894) and the First Sino‐Japanese War (1894–1895)
The Gabo Reform (1894–1896)
The Korean Empire (1897–1910) and the Gwangmu Reform
Korea under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1910–1945
Korea after World War II
Two Koreas
The Korean War, 1950–1953
Timeline for Modern Korea, 1945–2019
Postwar Development: South Korea
Postwar Development: North Korea
Nuclear Crises
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
22 The European Struggle for India and the Emergence of Indian Resistance, 1707–1914
Introduction
Emergence and Dominance of the British in India
The British Conquest under the East India Company
Hindu Renaissance
The Sepoy Mutiny and the Emergence of Indian Nationalism
Nationalism and the Formation of the Congress Party (1885) and the Muslim League (1906)
Britain’s Response to Indian Nationalism
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
23 The Impact of World Wars, Revolution, and Nationalism in India and South Asia, 1914–1945
World War I and Its Impact
Timeline for South Asia, 1914–1945
Nationalist Movements in South Asia, 1914–1945
Gandhi and the Struggle for Indian Independence, 1920–1945
Sri Lanka
Himalayan Nations
Conclusions
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
24 India since 1945
India: Securing Indian Independence and Developing Political and Economic Institutions
Timeline for India, 1945–Present
Indian Independence, Partition, and Setting Paths to the Future, 1945–1950
Socialist Republic of India, 1950–1991
Political and Economic Developments, 1950–1991
Political and Economic Course Corrections, 1991–
Social Developments
Foreign Policy and Terrorism Issues since 1991
Conclusion
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
25 In India’s Orbit: South Asian Nations in the Cold War Setting and the Rise of China
Introduction to South Asia since 1945
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Dominion of Pakistan, 1947–1956
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1956–2018: Political and Economic Developments
How the Pakistani Military Ruled, 1958–2008
People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Political and Economic Developments, 1947–1971
Independence, Political Developments, and Economic Plans, 1971–2018
The Himalayan Nations
Sikkim
Bhutan
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Colonial Ceylon, 1802–1948
Independent Ceylon/Sri Lanka, 1948–1983
Sri Lanka, Civil War, and Reconciliation, 1983–present
Maldives
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
26 Mainland Southeast Asia since 1945
Southeast Asia since 1945
Timeline for Mainland Southeast Asia, 1945–2019
Colonial Burma to the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
British Malaya to the Federation of Malaysia
Decolonization, the Emergency, Independence, and State Formation, 1945–1970
UMNO, the New Economic Policy, and Mahathir Mohamad, 1970–2003
Malaysia since Mahathir’s Departure and His Return, 2003–2019
Colonial Singapore to Republic of Singapore
Lee Kuan Yew and the Rise of Independent Singapore, 1945–1965
Lee Kuan Yew, Cosmopolitanism, and the Soft Authoritarian Model of Development, 1965–1990
Singapore in Transition, 1990–2019
Colonial Vietnam to Socialist Republic of Vietnam
The Cold War and the First Vietnam War, 1945–1954
Divided Independent Vietnam, 1954–1975
Vietnam under Communism, 1975–2019
Protectorate of Cambodia to Kingdom of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Communism, the Killing Fields, and a New Beginning, 1975–2018
Protectorate of Laos to Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Nationalist Developments, the Cold War, and Independence, 1945–1961
Coalition Governments and the Second Vietnam War, 1962–1975
Laos under Communist Rule, 1975–2020
Independent Thailand: Civilian and Military Governments, the Cold War, and the First Vietnam War, 1945–1973
Civilian and Military Governments, 1973–2000
Red Shirts, Yellow Shirts, and the Future of Thailand, 2001–2018
Conclusions
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
27 Insular Southeast Asia since 1945
Timeline for Insular Southeast Asia, 1945–2019
Netherlands East Indies to the Republic of Indonesia
Winning Independence, 1945–1949
The Sukarno Years, 1950–1965
Muhammad Suharto and the New Order, 1965–1998
Reformasi: Democracy, 1998–Present
Indonesia Enters the Twenty‐First Century
Portuguese Timor to East Timor to Timor Leste
Portuguese Rule, 1945–1975
Indonesian Occupation, 1975–1999
Timor Leste, 1999–Present
Territory of Papua and New Guinea to Papua New Guinea
Sultanate of Brunei to Brunei Darussalam
Commonwealth of the Philippines to Republic of the Philippines
Independence, the Onset of the Cold War, and Social Concerns, 1945–1965
Democracy and Its Discontents: Marcos, Martial Law, and People Power, 1965–1986
Return to Democracy, 1986–Present
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
28 Colonialism, Independence, and Nation Building on the Northern Frontiers of India and China, 1850–2019: Afghanistan, Central and Inner Asia, and the Russian Far East
Introduction
Afghanistan
Timeline for Afghanistan, 1850–2019
Post‐Monarchy Afghanistan, 1973–2019
Central Asia
Central Asia, 1850–1945
Timeline for Central Asia, 1850–2019
Central Asia, 1945–2019
Mongolia
Timeline for Mongolia, 1850–2019
Mongolia, 1911–1945
Mongolia, 1945–2020
Siberia and the Russian Far East
Timeline for Russian Far East, 1850–2020
The Soviet Union in Central and Inner Asia
The Soviet Union/Siberia/Russian Far East
Conclusions
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
29 Asia in the Twenty‐First Century: The Problems of Progress
Timeline: Asia in the Twenty‐First Century
Political Conditions
Economic Developments
Social Issues
Trafficking, Gangs, and Corruption
Asia’s Tinder Boxes
Assessing Asia
Suggested Readings and Viewings
Notes
Index
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
