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Peter Haugen. World History For Dummies
World History For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “World History For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Getting into History
Tracing a Path to the Present
Firing Up the WABAC Machine
Footpath to Expressway: Building on Humble Beginnings
War! What Is It Good For? Material for History Books, That’s What
Appreciating History’s Tapestry
Threading backward
Crossing threads
Weaving home
Making the Connections
Tracking the Centuries
Digging Up Reality
Homing In on Homer
The Troy story
Inspiring archaeological finds
Raising Atlantis
Reading the Body Language of the Dead
Frozen in the Alps
Salted away in Asia
Bogged down in northern Europe
Dried and well preserved in the Andes
MUMMIES FOR DUMMIES
Preserved pharaohs in Egypt
Tracking the Centuries
Putting History into Perspective
Being Human Beings
Nearing the Neanderthal
Talking like no one had before
Making sense of AD, BC, CE, and BCE
Dividing Time into Eras … and Giving Them Names
Sorting ancient from modern
Telling classical from schmassical
Bowing to the queens
Perceiving and avoiding biases
Noticing the Noteworthy and the Notorious
Studying contradictions
Looking at events from different angles
Verifying virtue
Tracking the Centuries
Finding Strength in Numbers
Getting Civilized
Building Jericho’s Walls for Mutual Defense
Planting Cities along Rivers
Settling between the Tigris and Euphrates
Getting agricultural in Africa
FLOODING ON A MYTHIC SCALE
Assembling Egypt
Going up the river into Kush
Giving way as new civilizations rise
PERILS OF POWER
Heading east to the Indus and Yellow Rivers
Plumbing the mysteries of ancient Indus Valley sites
PULLING PREHISTORY FROM A BRICK PILE
Separating history from myth: China’s oldest dynasties
Coming of Age in the Americas
Keeping Records on the Way to Writing and Reading
Planning pyramids
Laying down laws and love songs
ABCs IN BC
Shaping the World Ever After
Building a Persian Empire
Growing toward Greekness
Adapting to the lay of the Greek land
Finding strength in common culture
Making Alexander great
Extending an empire to the farthest reaches
Leaving a legacy
Developing Cultures Abounding
Tracking the Centuries
Rising and Falling Empires
Rome’s Ascent and Demise
Forming the Roman Republic
Earning citizenship
Expanding the empire
ROMAN CLASS
Crossing the Rubicon
Empowering the emperor
Roaming eastward
Western empire fades into history
Rome and the Roman Catholic Church
WHATEVER IT’S CALLED, IT’S STILL THE CHURCH
Building Empires around the World
Ruling Persia and Parthia
India’s empires
Uniting China: Seven into Qin
Flourishing civilizations in the Americas
Sharing with the Maya
Building in Peru
Remembering Far-Flung Cultures
Tracking the Centuries
Splitting Eras: The Middle Ages
Building (And Maintaining) the Byzantine Empire
Sharing and Imposing Culture
Bearing with barbarians
Traversing Africa with the Bantu
Sailing and settling with the Vikings
INVADING ENGLAND’S FORMER INVADERS
Carrying on through generations
Finding and losing the New World
Traveling the Silk Road
Planting the Seeds of European Nations
Repelling the raiders
Uniting Western Europe: Charlemagne pulls it together
ANGLING FOR A KINGDOM’S NAME
Keeping fledgling nations together
Emerging Islamic Fervor
Rebounding Guptas in India
Rounding Up Developments in Cultures Far to the East and to the West
Tracking the Centuries
Struggling for Dominance
Extending the Arab Empire and Spreading Islam
Taking education and literacy to new heights
Making advances in science and technology
Mastering the Indian Ocean
Assembling and disassembling an empire
Taking advantage of circumstances
Growing apart
HOLDING ONTO ANCIENT DIFFERENCES
Excelling in East Asia
Innovating the Chinese way
Traveling the Silk Road for trade and cultural exchange
Sailing away for a spell
BREACHING THE WALL: INVADING CHINA
Developing a Taste for Eastern Goods
Orienting Venice
Writing the first best-selling travel book
Fighting for economic advantage
Controlling trade routes between Europe and the East
Mounting the Crusades
Meeting the main players
Looking at the misguided zeal of specific Crusades
Setting a precedent for conquest
Growing Trade between East and West
PUTTING CULTURAL DOMINANCE IN PERSPECTIVE
Surviving the Black Death
Killing relentlessly
Doing the math: Fewer folks, more wealth
FALLING DOWN
Seeking a Way East and Finding Places to the West
Meeting the Americans who met Columbus
Celebrating or ruing “discovery”
Training and experience shaped Columbus
Stumbling upon the West Indies
SMOKIN’
Tracking the Centuries
Grabbing the Globe
Sailing South to Get East
Getting a foothold in Indian trade
Demanding respect
“Discovering” America
How the Aztecs rose and fell
Becoming masters
Believing in the return of Quetzalcóatl
Incas grasp greatness and then fall to the Spanish
Building an empire like no other
Accepting the invaders’ invitation
Circling the Planet
Ottomans ascend among Eastern empires
Amassing a vast area
Looking eastward to other Asian empires
Founding East India companies
TELLING EAST FROM WEST
Closing the door to Japan
Playing by British East India Company rules
Going from Ming to Qing in China
Spreading the Slave Trade
Perpetuating an evil
Developing a new market
Profiting from a contemptible institution
Starting Revolutions
Bringing in the new
Playing with dangerous ideas
Rebelling Americans
Erupting rage
Making a bold bid for freedom in Haiti
Tracking the Centuries
Pulling Empires Together as Subjects Push Back
Managing Unprecedented Empires
Britain battles on multiple fronts
France rebrands after its revolution
Europe divides Africa
Making gradual inroads
PRESUMING DR. LIVINGSTONE
Overwhelming Africa’s defenders
Challenging European Dominance
Turning against Spanish and Portuguese rule in Latin America
Confusing leadership in Chile
Breaking away with Bolívar
Hopping borders with José de San Martín
Achieving a royal independence for Brazil
Struggling in Mexico
Reclaiming Africa for Africans
Uprising in Asia
Unleashing pent-up power in Japan
Ricocheting unrest comes home to Europe
Revolting in Russia
Standing apart up north
Rushin’ toward rebellion
Taking power in the Soviet Union
GETTING PLACES FASTER, THANKS TO TECHNOLOGY
Fighting World Wars
Redefining war: World War I
Precipitating events and attitudes
Adding combatants to the war
Reacting to the carnage
Returning to conflict: World War II
Breaking the treaty: Hitler moves his troops
Choosing sides
Assessing the war’s damage
Redrawing the map
Running Hot and Cold (Wars)
Daring each other to blink in the Cold War
Seeing no end to violent conflicts
Getting it Together and Forming the United Nations
Tracking the Centuries
Seeking Answers
Worshipping through the Ages
Defining Religion
Divining the role of god(s)
Worshipping a supreme god
Worshipping many gods
CREATION STORIES
Analyzing the religious impulse
Distinguishing philosophy from religion
Assessing Animism
Seeking understanding through spirit
Connecting animals to deities
Jotting down Judaism
Awaiting a Messiah
Maintaining Jewish nationalism
Hammering Out Hinduism
Biting Off a Bit of Buddhism
Condensing Christianity
Initiating the Roman Catholic Church
Becoming “the Church”
Being a unifying force
Facing dissent and departures
Instigating the Inquisition
Maintaining continuity
Evaluating the Eastern Orthodox Church
Peeking at the Protestant churches
Investigating Islam
Honoring the Five Pillars
Going beyond Mecca and Medina
Clashing cultures
Summarizing Sikhism
Tracking the Centuries
Loving Wisdom: Philosophy’s Impact
Asking the Big Questions
Founding science in philosophy
Testing a theory but blowing the methodology
Diverging disciplines
Mixing philosophy and religion
Tracing Philosophy’s Roots
Living on the edges of Greek society
Drawing inspiration from other cultures
Traveling broadens the mind
Examining Eastern Philosophies
Leading to (and from) Socrates
Building a tradition of seeking answers
Leading from the city-state of Athens
Training in the art of persuasion
Living and thinking in a heady time
Thinking for himself: Socrates’ legacy
Glimpsing Socrates through Plato’s writings
Viewing Socrates as the scapegoat
Building on Socrates: Plato and Aristotle
Tracing Plato’s influence
Advancing the theory of Ideas
Recognizing Aristotle’s advancements
Philosophy in the Age of Alexander and After
Spreading Hellenistic philosophies
Pleasing yourself: Hedonism
Looking at original cynicism
Indulging in Epicureanism
Standing together in Stoicism
Doubting the world: Skepticism
Putting philosophy to practical use
Tracking the Centuries
Being Christian, Thinking Greek
The Great Chain of Being
Interpreting Christian Theology
Stacking scripture upon scripture
Replacing Homer with the Bible
Establishing Jesus’s Divinity
Augustine’s Influence on Early Christian Thought
Divining the mind of God
Condoning righteous killing
Tracing two paths to salvation
Adapting Augustine’s ideas
Promoting other views on predestination
The Philosophy of Aquinas
Keeping scholarship alive
Coming back to Aristotle
Supporting faith with logic
Embracing Humanism and More
Nothing secular about it
Tracing humanism’s impact
Tracking the Centuries
Awakening to the Renaissance
Realizing the Reach of the Renaissance
Redefining the Human Role
Flowering in Florence
Spreading the word
Promoting human potential
Reclaiming the ancients
Presenting the printing press
Printing the Gutenberg Bible
Reading other early publications
Having an impact on Church authority
Uniting Flesh and Soul
Inspiring Michelangelo
Living in the material world
Returning to Science
Shifting the center of the universe
Studying human anatomy
Being All That You Could Be
Striving for perfection
WHAT A MAN!
Stocking up on self-help books
Writing for the Masses
Creating new classics
Staging dramas with Classical roots
Packing something to read onboard a ship
Undermining Renaissance Gains with Conflict
Battling for control of Italian city-states
WHO KILLED LATIN?
Spilling outside Italy’s borders
Tracking the Centuries
Breaking Away: The Reformation
Cracks in the Catholic Monopoly
Losing authority
Satirizing the Church
Luther Challenges the System
Selling salvation
Peddling to pay the pope
Insisting on faith
A Precarious Holy Roman Empire
Searching for sources of cash
Fighting crime and inflation
Setting the stage for dissent
Here Luther Stands (Up to the Emperor)
Luther Gains a Following
Losing control of the Lutheran movement
Choosing sides
The Empire Strikes Back
Savoring a bitter victory
Achieving compromise
Reform Spreads to England
Creating the Church of England
Divorcing and annulling in Tudor court
Finding a way to get his way
Breaking ties with Rome
Paying the penalty for disloyalty
Making the Pilgrimage of Grace
Realizing Henry’s legacy
Along Comes Calvin
Reforming the Swiss church
Establishing Puritanism
Causing turmoil in France
Sparking rebellion in Holland
Weakening the Holy Roman Empire
Pushing for Puritanism in England and Scotland
Emigrating to America
Tracking the Centuries
Opening Up to Science and Enlightenment
Mingling Science and Philosophy
Starting a Scientific Revolution
Gazing at the heavens: Astronomy
Brahe sees a comet
Kepler charts planets
Galileo gazes through a telescope
Advancing the scientific method
Waking Up to the Enlightenment
Experiencing empiricism
Living a “nasty, brutish, and short” life
Reasoning to rationalism
Expanding to the Encyclopedists
Engineering the Industrial Revolution
Dealing with the social fallout
Raging against the machines: Luddite uprising
Marketing Economics
Playing the money game with Adam Smith
Developing capitalism and Marxism
Tracking the Centuries
Fighting, Fighting, Fighting
Wielding Sticks and Stones: Old-Fashioned War
Fighting as an Ancient Way of Life
WE’RE NOT THE ONLY ONES MAKING WAR
Raising Armies
Keeping out attackers
Escalating weapons technology: Using metal
Riding into battle: Hooves and wheels
Avoiding Assyrian Arsenals
Assembling the units
Wreaking havoc
TRIBES CALLED ‘LOST’ HAVE NEVER BEEN FORGOTTEN
Farming and Fighting Together in Greece
Soldiering shoulder to shoulder
Standing up to the Persians
Facing Macedonian ferocity
Making War the Roman Way
Marching in three ranks
Recruiting a standing force
Diversifying the legion
Returning to riders
Tracking the Centuries
Upgrading the War Machine
Reinventing the Cavalry
Standing tall and staying astride with stirrups
Raiding as a way of life on horseback
Guarding Byzantine borders
Battling mounted Moors
Charging into chivalry
Donning the Steel Suit
Wearing metal rings: Chain mail
Putting more power into the archer’s bow
Charging behind the lance
Marrying precision to power with the longbow
DID THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR REALLY LAST 100 YEARS?
Adding Firepower with Gunpowder
Lighting the fire of discovery
Spreading explosive news
Bringing in the big guns
Battering down Constantinople’s walls
Refining the new weaponry
Making guns lighter and more maneuverable
Improving gunpowder with brandy
Putting guns in soldiers’ hands
Striking sparks
Adapting old strategies for new weapons
Floating fortresses on the sea
Adapting fortifications to the artillery era
Tracking the Centuries
Modernizing Mayhem
Following Three Paths to Modern War
Promoting devastation in Prussia
Putting technology to deadly uses: The Crimean War
Adding accuracy and speed with new rifles
THE CLERGYMAN’S NEW GUN
Transporting troops via steamship
Laying down railroad tracks to the front lines
Stringing telegraph wires to the battlefield
INTO THE VALLEY OF DEATH
Redefining armed conflict: The U.S. Civil War
Waging total war on Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sorting through the Civil War’s causes
Exceeding expectations with grim determination
SPEWING BULLETS FROM THE MACHINE GUN
Tying Tactics to Technology in the 20th Century
Trapping valor in a trench: World War I
Retooling the World War II arsenal
Warring On Despite the Nuclear Threat
Drawing strength from stealth: Guerilla tactics
Wielding the weapon of fear: Terrorism
Tracking the Centuries
Meeting the Movers and Shakers
Starting Something Legendary
Spinning Legends
Uniting for Strength
Playing for Power
Building Bridges
Writing Laws
Tracking the Centuries
Battling Toward Immortality
Towering Over Their Times
Building Empires
Launching Attacks
Mounting a Defense
Devising Tactics
Instigating Inspiration
A TALE OF TWO — OR MORE — BRIDGES
Tracking the Centuries
Exploring and “Discovering”
Famous Pioneers: Arriving Before Their Time
Courageous Couriers: Carrying Messages
Trailblazing Explorers: Seeking New Routes
Notorious Conquerors: Bad Company
Famous Firsts
NAME THAT EXPLORER
Renowned Guides
Famous Mavericks: Taking Advantage of Opportunity
Tracking the Centuries
Turning Tables: Rebels and Revolutionaries
Rising from Revolutionaries to Rulers
TOUCHY, TOUCHY
Gaining Support As Charismatic Rebels
Making Ideas Reality
Standing Against Authority
Changing Rules
Living and Dying by the Sword
Dying for a Cause
Tracking the Centuries
The Part of Tens
Ten Unforgettable Dates in History
460 BC: Athens Goes Democratic
323 BC: Alexander the Great Dies
476: The Western Roman Empire Falls
1066: Normans Conquer England
1095: The First Crusade Commences
1492: Columbus Sails the Ocean Blue
1776: Americans Break Away
1807: Britain Bans the Slave Trade
1893: Women Start Getting the Vote Around the World
1945: The United States Drops the A-Bomb
Ten Essential Historical Documents
The Rosetta Stone
Confucian Analects
The Bible
The Quran
The Magna Carta
The Travels of Marco Polo
The Declaration of Independence
The Bill of Rights
Das Kapital
On the Origin of Species
Index. Numerics
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
About the Author
Dedication
Author’s Acknowledgments
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
