The Summer of Theory

The Summer of Theory
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‘Theory’ – a magical glow has emanated from this word since the sixties. Theory was more than just a succession of ideas: it was an article of faith, a claim to truth, a lifestyle. It spread among its adherents in cheap paperbacks and triggered heated debates in seminar rooms and cafés. The Frankfurt School, Structuralism, Post-Structuralism, Adorno, Derrida, Foucault: these and others were the exotic schools and thinkers whose ideas were being devoured by young minds. But where did the fascination for dangerous thoughts come from? In his magnificently written book, Philipp Felsch follows the hopes and dreams of a generation that entered the jungle of difficult texts. His setting is West Germany in the decades from the 1960s to the 1990s: in a world frozen in the Cold War, movement only came from big ideas. It was the time of apocalyptic master thinkers, upsetting reading experiences and glamorous incomprehensibility. As the German publisher Suhrkamp published Adorno’s Minima Moralia and other High Theory works of the Frankfurt School, a small publisher in West Berlin, Merve Verlag, provided readers with a steady stream of the subversive new theory coming out of France. By following the adventures of the publishers who provided the books and the reading communities that consumed and debated them, Philipp Felsch tells the remarkable story of an intellectual revolt when the German Left fell in love with Theory.

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Philipp Felsch. The Summer of Theory

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

The Summer of Theory. History of a Rebellion, 1960–1990

Copyright Page

Dedication

Illustrations

Acknowledgements

Introduction: What Was Theory?

Notes

1 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ADORNO

Reflections from Damaged Life

Culture after Working Hours

In the Literary Supermarket

Adorno Answers

Are Your Endeavours Aimed at Changing the World?

Notes

2 IN THE SUHRKAMP CULTURE

New Leftists

He Didn’t Write

School of Hard Books

Paperback Theory

Birth of a Genre

Notes

3 ILL-MADE BOOKS

Theoretical Practice

Smash Bourgeois Copyright!

Mondays, Fridays and Sundays

The Disorder of Discourse

Notes

4 WOLFSBURG EMPIRE

Proletarian Public Sphere

In the Land of Class Struggle

The Lightness of Being Communist

A Fateful Stroke of Luck

Notes

5 (POSSIBLE) REASONS FOR THE HAPPINESS OF THOUGHT

All Kinds of Escapes

Intensity Is Not a Feeling

The Laugh of Merve

Vague Thinkers

Notes

6 THE READER AS PARTISAN

The Death of the Author

The Pleasure of the Text

Children’s Books

A Different Mode of Production

Lying on Water

Notes

7 FOUCAULT AND THE TERRORISTS

A Schweppes in Paris

Political Tourists

Vermin

On Tunix Beach

Notes

8 CRITIQUE OF PURE TEXT

The Master Thinkers

Adults Only

Sola Scriptura

Aesthetics of Counter-Enlightenment

A Little Materialism

Notes

9 INTO THE WHITE CUBE

The Mountain of Truth

Be Smart – Take Part

German Issues

The Island of Posthistoire

The Trouble with Duchamp

Notes

10 PRUSSIANISM AND SPONTANEISM

War in the Time of Total Peace

Machiavelli in Westphalia

The Wild Academy

In Search of the Punctum

Jacob Taubes’s Best Enemy

Notes

11 DISCO DISPOSITIVE

Tyrannies of Intimacy

Pub Blather

The Art of Having a Beer

In the Jungle

Above the Clouds

Notes

Epilogue: After Theory?

Notes

Appendix: Translations of Illustrations

Bibliography. Archives

Author’s Interviews and Conversations

Audio and Video Recordings

Literature

Index

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PHILIPP FELSCH

Translated by Tony Crawford

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Neither Enzensberger nor Adorno could have imagined in 1959 that they would owe their own success as authors to the generation of paperback readers.50 Once Minima Moralia appeared in a soft cover in the early 1960s, no one carried it around in hardcover any more. Adorno later attained high sales figures in the various paperback series published by Suhrkamp. The new medium, which, from its critics’ perspective, ensured the conformance of the consumer, was supplying difficult ideas – initially as contraband – to a growing readership.51 The history of theory is not conceivable without these upheavals in the book market, and that is what makes Peter Gente, the book collector and book producer, such an exemplary figure in that history. It was the Penguin designer Hans Schmoller, a German-Jewish emigrant, who remarked in 1974 on the paradox of the ‘paperback revolution’: ‘though in the West paperbacks have become big business, this has not prevented their publishers from giving free rein to expressing ideas strongly opposed to established political and economic systems and indeed advocating their overthrow’.52

After having been forgotten for an interim, Adorno was omnipresent in the 1960s.53 He filled the lecture halls and appeared in the young mass media – most of all, radio, the German ‘counter-university’ of the post-war period.54 The barely modulated voice, separating its words with tiny pauses, was unmistakable. It was a hit with the audiences of the cultural programmes and the night-time airwaves. Learning by radio how to read Hegel: such breathtakingly highbrow content sends today’s cultural editors into raptures of nostalgia. It is hardly imaginable any more, Joachim Kaiser wrote for Adorno’s hundredth birthday, what influence the philosopher had in those days.55 At that time, when Kaiser himself fell under that influence, he described it in these terms: ‘Anyone writing, speculating, politicizing, aestheticizing today must engage with Adorno.’56 No one has held a comparable monopoly since. In the seventies, as Marxism grew sclerotic, Critical Theory submerged in the think-tank on Lake Starnberg – the Max Planck Institute for the Study of the Scientific-Technical World, whose second director was Jürgen Habermas – and the French came to dominate the theoretical airspace, another German generation grew accustomed to living in the philosophical provinces, dependent on onerously decrypted imports from a Mecca of theory across the Rhine. The Weltgeist didn’t live here any more.

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