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R. R. Lutz. Wage Earning and Education
Wage Earning and Education
Table of Contents
FOREWORD
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
WAGE EARNING AND EDUCATION
CHAPTER IToC
THE INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION SURVEY
Types of Occupations Studied
The Survey Staff and Methods of Work
CHAPTER IIToC
FORECASTING FUTURE PROBABILITIES
The Popular Concept of Industrial Education
The Importance of Relative Numbers
A Constructive Program Must Fit the Facts
An Actuarial Basis for Industrial Education
CHAPTER IIIToC
THE WAGE EARNERS OF CLEVELAND
TABLE 2.—NATIVITY OF THE WORKING POPULATION IN CLEVELAND. U.S. CENSUS, 1910TableList
CHAPTER IVToC
THE FUTURE WAGE-EARNERS OF CLEVELAND
The Public Schools
TABLE 3.—PUPILS ENROLLED IN THE DIFFERENT GRADES OF THE PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS IN JUNE, 1915TableList
TABLE 4.—ENROLLMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS, SECOND SEMESTER, 1914–1915TableList
Ages of Pupils
TABLE 5.—AGES OF PUPILS ENROLLED IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY, HIGH, AND NORMAL SCHOOLS IN JUNE, 1915TableList
Education at the Time of Leaving School
TABLE 6.—EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENT OF THE CHILDREN WHO DROP OUT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS EACH YEAR, AS INDICATED BY THE GRADES FROM WHICH THEY LEAVETableList
CHAPTER VToC
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FOR BOYS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
TABLE 7—PER CENT OF TOTAL MALE WORKING POPULATION ENGAGED IN SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS, 1900 AND 1910TableList
What the Boys in School Will Do
TABLE 8.—DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE BORN MEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 21 AND 45. IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONAL GROUPSTableList
Organization and Costs
What the Elementary Schools Can Do
CHAPTER VIToC
THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Specialized Training Not Practicable
A General Industrial Course
Industrial Mathematics
Mechanical Drawing
Industrial Science
Shop Work
Vocational Information
CHAPTER VIIToC
TRADE TRAINING DURING THE LAST YEARS IN SCHOOL
The Technical High Schools
TABLE 10.—DISTRIBUTION BY OCCUPATION OF CLEVELAND TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATESTableList
A Two-Year Trade Course
CHAPTER VIIIToC
TRADE-PREPARATORY AND TRADE-EXTENSION TRAINING FOR BOYS AND MEN AT WORK
TABLE 11.—TIME ALLOTMENT IN THE APPRENTICE COURSE. GIVEN BY THE WARNER AND SWASEY COMPANY, CLEVELANDTableList
Continuation Training from 15 to 18
The Technical Night Schools
TABLE 12.—COURSES AND NUMBER ENROLLED IN THE TECHNICAL NIGHT SCHOOLS, JANUARY, 1915TableList
A Combined Program of Continuation and Trade-Extension Training
CHAPTER IXToC
VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR GIRLS
TABLE 13.—PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION ENGAGED IN GAINFUL OCCUPATIONS DURING THREE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODSTableList
TABLE 14.—NUMBER EMPLOYED IN THE PRINCIPAL WAGE-EARNING OCCUPATIONS. AMONG EACH 1,000 WOMEN FROM 16 TO 21 YEARS OF AGETableList
Differentiation in the Junior High School
Specialized Training for the Sewing Trades
Other Occupations
CHAPTER XToC
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
The Work of the Vocational Counselor
The Girls' Vocation Bureau
CHAPTER XIToC
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER XIIToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON BOYS AND GIRLS IN COMMERCIAL WORK
A General View of Commercial Work
Bookkeeping
Stenography
Clerks' Positions
Wages and Regularity of Employment
The Problem of Training
CHAPTER XIIIToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON DEPARTMENT STORE OCCUPATIONS
Department Stores
Neighborhood Stores
Five and Ten Cent Stores
Wages and Employment
TABLE 15.—PER CENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES OVER 18 YEARS OF AGE EARNING $12 A WEEK AND OVERTableList
Regularity of Employment
Opportunities for Advancement
The Problem of Training
Character of the Instruction
CHAPTER XIVToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON THE GARMENT TRADES
Characteristics of the Working Force
Earnings
TABLE 16.—WAGES FOR FULL-TIME WORKING WEEK, WOMEN'S CLOTHING, CLEVELAND, 1915TableList
TABLE 17.—AVERAGE WAGES FOR FULL-TIME WORKING WEEK FOR SIMILAR WORKERS, MEN'S AND WOMEN'S CLOTHING, CLEVELAND, 1915TableList
Regularity of Employment
Training and Promotion
Educational Needs
Sewing Courses in the Public Schools
Elective Sewing Courses in the Junior High School
A One Year Trade Course for Girls
Trade-Extension Training
CHAPTER XVToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON DRESSMAKING AND MILLINERY
Dressmaking
Millinery
The Problem of Training
CHAPTER XVIToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON THE METAL TRADES
Foundry and Machine Shop Products
TABLE 18.—PROPORTIONS AND ESTIMATED NUMBERS EMPLOYED IN MACHINE TOOL OCCUPATIONS, 1915TableList
TABLE 19.—AVERAGE, HIGHEST, AND LOWEST EARNINGS, IN CENTS PER HOUR, AND PER CENT EMPLOYED ON PIECE WORK AND DAY WORK, 1915TableList
TABLE 20.—ESTIMATED TIME REQUIRED TO LEARN MACHINE TOOL WORKTableList
Automobile Manufacturing
Steel Works, Rolling Mills, and Related Industries
CHAPTER XVIIToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON THE BUILDING TRADES
Sources of Labor Supply
TABLE 22.—ESTIMATED NUMBER OF MEN ENGAGED IN BUILDING TRADES, 1915TableList
Apprenticeship
TABLE 23.—UNION REGULATIONS AS TO ENTERING AGE OF APPRENTICESTableList
TABLE 24.—UNION REGULATIONS AS TO LENGTH OF APPRENTICESHIP PERIODTableList
Union Organization
Earnings
TABLE 25.—UNION SCALE OF WAGES IN CENTS PER HOUR MAY 1, 1915TableList
TABLE 26.—USUAL WEEKLY WAGES OF APPRENTICES IN THREE BUILDING TRADESTableList
Hours
Regularity of Employment
Health Conditions
Opportunities for Advancement
The Problem of Training
CHAPTER XVIIIToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON RAILROAD AND STREET TRANSPORTATION
Railroad Transportation
Motor and Wagon Transportation
Street Railroad Transportation
CHAPTER XIXToC
SUMMARY OF REPORT ON THE PRINTING TRADES
Composing Room Workers
TABLE 27.—AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS OF JOB AND NEWSPAPER COMPOSING-ROOM WORKERS, 1915TableList
The Pressroom
TABLE 28.—AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS OF PRESSROOM WORKERS, 1915TableList
The Bindery
TABLE 29.—AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS OF BINDERY WORKERS, 1915TableList
Other Occupations
TABLE 30.—AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS IN PHOTOENGRAVING, STEREOTYPING, ELECTROTYPING, AND LITHOGRAPHING OCCUPATIONS, 1915TableList
The Problem of Training
CLEVELAND EDUCATION SURVEY REPORTS
