Repairable Systems Reliability Analysis

Repairable Systems Reliability Analysis
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Most of the reliability literature is directed towards non repairable systems, that is, systems that fail are discarded. This book is mainly dedicated towards providing coverage to the reliability modeling and analysis of repairable systems that are repaired and not replaced when they fail. Most of the equipment – mechanical or otherwise -are repairable and are subjected to maintenance actions- reactive or proactive- at various levels. Maintenance actions are carried out either to preserve a system or to renovate it to a specified functionable state. Maintenance actions are also characterized by the degree (perfect or imperfect) to which a system can be restored, i.e., to an ‘as good as new condition’ (AGAN), or ‘as bad as old condition’ (ABAO). Mathematically perfect repair is modeled using a renewal process (RP). Since it represents much idealized situation, this model has restricted applications in the analysis of repairable systems. At the other extreme, the ABAO repair is mathematically modelled using a Non-Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP). These assumptions are very unrealistic for probabilistic modeling and leads to major distortions in statistical analysis. This unique book provides a comprehensive framework for the modeling and analysis of repairable systems considering both the non- parametric and parametric approaches to deal with the failure data. The book presents MCF based non-parametric approach with several illustrative examples and the generalized renewal process (GRP) based arithmetic reduction of age (ARA) models along with its applications to the systems failure data from aviation industry. The book also covers various multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), integrated with repairable systems reliability analysis models to provide a much better insight into imperfect repair and maintenance data analysis. A complete chapter on an integrated framework for procurement process is added which will of a great assistance to the readers in enhancing the potential of their respective organization. This book also presents FMEA methods tailored for GRP based repairs. This text has primarily emerged from the industrial experience and research work of the authors. A number of illustrations have been included to make the subject lucid and vivid even to the readers who are relatively new to this area. Besides, various examples have been provided to display the applicability of presented models and methodologies to assist the readers in applying the concepts presented in this book.

Оглавление

Rajiv Nandan Rai. Repairable Systems Reliability Analysis

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Repairable Systems Reliability Analysis. A Comprehensive Framework

Series Editor Preface

Preface

List of Tables

List of Figures

1 Introduction to Repairable Systems. 1.1 Introduction

1.2 Perfect, Minimal, and Imperfect Repairs

1.3 Summary

References

2 Repairable Systems Reliability Analysis: Non-Parametric. 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Mean Cumulative Function

Example 2.1

2.3 Construction of MCF Plot and Confidence Bounds: Exact Age Data. 2.3.1 MCF Construction: Exact Age Data

Example 2.2. [6]

Example 2.3. [6]

2.3.2 Confidence Bounds on MCF: Exact Age Data

2.3.3 Construction of MCF Plot and Confidence Bounds: Grouped Data

2.3.4 Confidence Bounds on MCF: Grouped Data

Example 2.4. [4]

2.4 Case Study: ROV System

2.5 Interval Age Analysis. 2.5.1 MCF With All Types of Failure Modes Combined

2.5.2 MCF for Individual Failure Modes

2.5.3 Exact Age Analysis

2.6 Summary and Conclusion

Exercises

References

Note

3 Repairable Systems Reliability Analysis: Parametric. 3.1 Introduction

3.2 Basic Terminologies

3.3 Parametric Analysis Approaches. 3.3.1 Renewal Process

3.3.2 Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP)

Example 3.1

Solution

Example 3.2

3.3.3 Generalized Renewal Process (GRP)

3.3.3.1 ARA Models

3.3.3.2 Kijima-I Model

3.3.3.3 Kijima-II Model

3.3.3.4 Virtual Age–Based Reliability Metrics

Solved Examples. Example 3.3

Example 3.4. [7]

Example 3.5. [7]

3.3.4 Summary

Exercises

References

Further Reading

ARI Models

4 Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Repairable Systems. 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Mann’s Test for the Weibull Distribution

Example 4.1

4.3 Laplace Trend Test

Example 4.2

4.4 GOF Models for Power Law Process

4.4.1 Crow/AMSAA Test

4.4.2 Common Beta Hypothesis (CBH) Tests

Example 4.3

4.4.3 CVM Test

Example 4.4

4.5 GOF Model for GRP Based on Kijima-I Model

Example 4.5

4.6 Summary

Exercises

References

5 Maintenance Modeling in Repairable Systems. 5.1 Introduction to Maintenance Policies Using Kijima Virtual Age Model

5.2 Need for HFRC Threshold

5.3 Reliability-Based Methodology for Optimal Maintenance Policies in MA

5.3.1 Reliability-Based Threshold Model for HFRC

5.3.1.1 Review of Present Maintenance Policy for HFRCs

Example 5.1

Example 5.2

5.4 Availability-Based HFRC Analysis

5.4.1 Availability-Based Criteria for HFRC (BB Approach)

5.4.1.1 Review of Overhaul Cycle (BB Approach)

Example 5.3

Example 5.4

5.4.2 Availability-Based HFRC Threshold Model Considering FMs

5.4.2.1 Maintenance Strategy for HFRCs With FM Approach

5.4.2.2 TBO Model Considering FMs

Example 5.5

5.5 Summary

Exercises

References

6 FMEA for Repairable Systems Based on Repair Effectiveness Index. 6.1 Introduction

6.2 A Brief Overview on Performing FMEA

6.2.1 System Definition

6.2.2 Identification of Failure Modes

6.2.3 Determination of Cause

6.2.4 Assessment of Effect

6.2.5 Classification of Severity (S)

6.2.6 Estimation of Probability of Occurrence (O)

6.2.7 Detection

6.2.8 Computation of Conventional RPN

6.2.9 Determination of Corrective Action

6.3 Estimating RPNs Through the Modified Approach [15]

6.4 Corrective Actions

6.5 Summary

References

7 An Integrated Approach to Weapon Procurement Systems. 7.1 Introduction

7.2 Analytic Network Process Model

7.3 AP Index and AP Value Estimation

7.3.1 Analytic Hierarchy Process Model

7.3.2 AP Index Estimation

7.3.3 Sample AP Index Estimation

7.3.4 AP Value Estimation

7.4 Formation of an ACU

7.4.1 Attack Model

7.4.2 Defense Model

7.4.3 Illustrative Example

7.5 Summary

References

8 Throughput Analysis of the Overhaul Line of a Repair Depot. 8.1 Introduction

8.2 Basic Definitions, Parameters, and Relationships

8.3 Variability

8.3.1 Measures and Classes of Variability

8.3.2 Causes of Variability

8.3.3 Variability from Preemptive Outages (Breakdowns)

8.3.4 Variability in Flows

8.3.5 Variability Interactions Queuing

8.3.5.1 The M/M/1 Queue

8.3.5.2 The G/G/1 Queue

8.4 Process Batching

8.5 System Flow and Parameters

8.6 System Analysis and Discussion

8.6.1 Component 1: LPCR Blades

8.6.2 Component 2: CCOC

8.6.3 Component 3: LPTR Blades

8.7 Summary

References

Appendix A. The Saaty Rating Scale

Pairwise Comparisons and Estimation of Weights for ANP

Appendix B

Unweighted Super-Matrix (Part 1)

Unweighted Super-Matrix (Part 2)

Weighted Super-Matrix (Part 1)

Weighted Super-Matrix (Part 2)

Limit Super-Matrix (Part 1)

Limit Super-Matrix (Part 2)

Appendix C

Pairwise Comparisons and Estimation of Weights for AHP

Appendix D. F Distribution Table

Appendix E. Normal Distribution Table

Appendix F. Chi Square Table

Appendix G. Critical Values for Cramér-von Mises Test

Index

Also of Interest. Check out these published and forthcoming titles in the Performability Engineering Series

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The renewal and homogeneous Poisson processes (HPPs) followed by an exhaustive description of NHPP are covered in Chapter 3 along with solved examples. Thereafter, the chapter brings out a detailed description of ARA and ARI models along with their applicability in maintenance. The chapter also derives the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for Kijima virtual age models with the help of GRP. The models are demonstrated with the help of suitable examples.

Chapter 4 provides various goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests for repairable systems and their applications with examples.

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