An EasyGuide to APA Style
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Regan A. R. Gurung. An EasyGuide to APA Style
An EasyGuide to APA Style
An EasyGuide to APA Style
• Brief Contents •
• Detailed Contents •
• Preface •
Our Reader-Friendly Approach
How to Use This Book
Acknowledgments
• About the Authors •
1 APA Style Versus Format:Why It Matters to Your Audience and Why It Should Matter to You
What Is the Difference Between APA Style and APA Format?
Why APA Style Anyway? Wasn’t MLA Good Enough?
In the Long Run, Attention to Detail Matters (Including APA Style and Format)
Write for Your Specific Audience: Term Papers Versus Formal Research Papers
2 Your Visual Table of Contents QuickFinder
The Sample Paper With Content and Page Numbers
Descriptions of Images and Figures
3 General Writing Tips Specific to APA Style: General Bare-Bones Fundamentals
Clear and Succinct Writing: Using Your Scholarly Voice
Commonly Confused Words in Psychology and Beyond
Subject–Verb Agreement
Active Voice Versus Passive Voice in APA Style
Some (But Not Too Much) First-Person Usage
Avoiding Anthropomorphism
4 A Quick Grammar Summary for APA-Style Writing
Parts of a Sentence
Parts of Speech
Noun
Pronoun
Adjective
Article
Verb
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection
Common Grammar Mistakes to Avoid
5 Plagiarism and How to Avoid It: Thou Shalt Not Steal (or Be Lazy)
But I Didn’t Know…
It Sounds Like a Bad Word
Quoting: More Than Just a Copy and Paste
Paraphrasing: In Your Own Words
That’s Really Sic [and Not a Typo]
An Author’s License (Yours): Modifying Source Material
But I Can Freely Use My Own Work, Right?
How About This for a Plagiarism Awareness Exercise?
6 Avoiding Biased Language
The Fundamental Lesson: View People as Individuals First
Specific Recommendations for Reducing Bias: Nonsexist Language and Other Areas
Sexual Orientation
Racial and Ethnic Identity
Disabilities
Occupations
Gender and Pronouns: With an Indefinite Recommendation
7 Writing Your Introduction: Tying the Story All Together
What to Include in Your Introduction
Formatting Your Introduction
Getting Your Introduction Started
Using an Outline: Organizing Your Literature Review
Common Mistakes to Avoid in Your Introduction
Outline for the Sample Introduction
Descriptions of Images and Figures
8 Citing Sources in Text: Whodunit (or Said It)?
A Good Rule of Thumb
Ready, Cite, GO
In-Text Citation Basics
Three or More Authors
A Variation on the Theme
Some Curveballs
Citing More Than One Article in the Same Spot
Including Two or More Articles by the Same Author, and Some Are the Same Year
Including Two or More Articles by Authors With the Same Last Name
Citing an Article or Document From a Website or Video
Referring to the Same Article More Than Once in the Same Paragraph
Citing an Article That I Read About in Another Article or Book
Citing a Lecture, an E-Mail, or a Conversation
What If There Is No Author?
9 A Step-by-Step Playbook of Your Method: How, What, When, Who, and Where?
Where in the Flow of Pages Do You Place the Method Section?
Where in the Method Section Does This Information Go?
Subjects/Participants
Participants
Materials and Apparatus
Materials
Procedure
Procedure
Formatting Your Method Section
10 Writing About Statistics and Associated Fun: How Did It All Turn Out?
Let Us Talk Statistics
Basics and Beyond
Formatting Your Results Paragraph
Including Effect Size and Power
11 Writing Your Discussion: It’s a Wrap
Formatting Your Discussion Section
What to Include in Your Discussion Section
Getting Your Discussion Section Started
Organizing Your Discussion Section
Common Mistakes to Avoid in Your Discussion Section
Outline for the Sample Discussion Section Included
Sample Paper
Descriptions of Images and Figures
12 Everybody Needs References. A Helpful Note
Creating Your References Section
Using Abbreviations
The Basics
Journal Articles
Books
Chapter in an Edited Book
Online Sources
Works With 20 or More Authors
Conference Presentations
Newspapers and Magazines
Basic References Section Formatting Rules
Some Not-So-Basic Rules You Might Need
13 The Numbers Game: How to Write Numbers (and When the Rules Change)
When You Use Numerals
When You Use Words
Using Both Numerals and Words
How to Use Decimal Points. When to Include a Zero Before the Decimal Point
How Many Numbers Should Be Written After the Decimal Point?
Additional Rules for Including Numbers in Your Paper
Metrication
When Do You Use Abbreviations?
14 Formatting: Organizing, Headings, and Making Your Work Look Good to Print
What Goes Where?
What Your Paper Should Look Like. Fonts, Margins, and Indents
Page Headers
Headings
Spelling Matters: Spelling and Capitalization Rules
Plural Words
Hyphenation
Capitalization
Final Touches
15 Table That Motion: The Special Challenges of Tables and Figures
What Is What
Getting the Details Just Right
A Note on “Notes”
Figuring It Out
Get Legendary (and Use Captions)
Where to Place Tables and Figures
But I Am Doing a Literature Review: Could I Use a Table or Figure?
Do Not Forget
Descriptions of Images and Figures
16 Make Microsoft Word 2016 Work for You: APA Formatting
Word 2016 Tabs and Drop-Down Menus
Setting the Margins
Line Spacing and Spacing Between Paragraphs
Page Numbering
Tabs, Centering, and the Ruler
References and the Hanging Indent
Preparing a Table (Rows, Columns, Lines, Centering)
Fonts and Font Variations (Italics, Bold, Superscript)
Page Breaks, Orphans, and Widows
Spellchecker and Grammar Checker
Developing Good Habits: Autosaving, File Naming, File Storage, Frequent Backups
Descriptions of Images and Figures
17 Making a List, No Apps Required: Enumeration and Seriation
Why Bother?
Keeping Order at the Section Level
Order Within Paragraphs or Sentences
On a Related Note
18 Abbreviations, Signs, Symbols, and Punctuation: The Details Can Matter: Emoji This!
OMG: To Abbreviate or Not?
Blinding You With Science and Latin
Punctuation
19 Using Rubrics: Knowing What It Means to Write a Good Paper
Follow Rubrics When Provided
Example Rubrics
Descriptions of Images and Figures
20 Proofreading the Entire Paper: Get It Right!
Sample Page of APA Text for Practicing Proofreading
Descriptions of Images and Figures
21 Complete Sample of an Experimental (Research) Student Paper: Samples, Anyone?
Sample Student Paper
Sample Manuscript Title Page
Descriptions of Images and Figures
22 How to Avoid the Most Common Mistakes: All Together Now
APA Style and Format Quiz
APA Style and Format Quiz: Answers
Be Aware of Professors’ Pet Peeves
• Appendix A • Error List for Chapter 20
• Appendix B • APA Style and Format Checklist
• References •
• Index •
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Page number, 7 is shown at the top right corner and the heading, Procedure is shown at the left. Below the title is the following content:
Participants first signed up on Sona Systems to take the survey, and then were given 60 minutes to complete the survey online on any device with Internet capabilities, taking an average of 28.65 minutes (SD equals 21.84). They were not debriefed after completion of the survey but they were thanked for their participation.
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