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Reginald O. York. Social Work Research Methods
Social Work Research Methods
Brief Contents
Detailed Contents
Description of Chapters. Part 1: The Fundamentals of Science and Social Work Research
Chapter 1: Science, Research, and Social Work Practice
Chapter 2: Purposes and Processes of Social Work Research
Chapter 3: Ethics and Cultural Competence in Social Work Research
Chapter 4: Evidence-Based Practice
Part 2: Conducting Different Types of Social Work Research
Chapter 5: Conducting Research That Employs Social Surveys
Chapter 6: Conducting Research That Describes People
Chapter 7: Conducting Research That Explains Things
Chapter 8: Conducting Research That Evaluates Services
Chapter 9: Conducting Qualitative Research That Explores the Unknown
Chapter 10: Conducting Program Evaluations
Part 3: Conducting Each Phase of Social Work Research
Chapter 11: Developing Your Knowledge Base and Your Intervention
Chapter 12: Drawing Your Study Sample
Chapter 13: Measuring Your Study Variables
Chapter 14: Selecting a Research Design for a Group Evaluation Study
Chapter 15: Selecting a Research Design for a Single Client
Chapter 16: Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions
Chapter 17: Analyzing Qualitative Data
Preface
Learning by Doing
The User-Friendly Approach
Organization of This Book
Part 1: The Fundamentals of Science and Social Work Practice
Part 2: Conducting Different Types of Social Work Research
Part 3: Conducting Each Phase of Social Work Research
New Ideas in This Book
Summary
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Part One The Fundamentals of Science and Social Work Research
1 Science, Research, and Social Work Practice
Introduction
How Do We Know What We Know?
It Makes Sense to Me
It Is the Way We Have Done It
It Is Evidence-Based Practice
Avoiding Errors in Decision Making
Incomplete Information
Personal Investment
Illogical Reasoning
Science as a Way of Knowing
What Do You Already Know?
The Nature of Science
Science and Critical Thinking
Steps in the Scientific Research Process
Summary of What Makes It Scientific
Social Work Practice and Science
Common Sense and the Scientific Method
Don’t Reinvent the Wheel!
Don’t Put the Cart Before the Horse!
Two Heads Are Better Than One!
Some Things Happen Just by Chance!
Limitations of Common Sense
Pseudoscience as an Alternative to Science
Applying the Basic Principles of Science: Does the Full Moon Make Us Different?
Chapter Practice Exercises. Why Do Some People Think the Full Moon Affects Human Behavior?
Competencies Demonstrated by This Practice Exercise
Activities for This Practice Exercise
what You Will Report From This Practice Exercise
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Descriptions of Images and Figures
2 Purposes and Processes of Social Work Research
Introduction
Four Purposes of Social Work Research
The Descriptive Study
The Explanatory Study
The Evaluative Study
The Exploratory Study
Evaluating Programs and Interventions
The Program Evaluation
The Intervention Evaluation
Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement
The Research Process
Step 1: Developing the Research Question and Knowledge Base
Step 2: Determining the Study Methods
Step 3: Collecting and Analyzing Data
Step 4: Drawing Conclusions
Chapter Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise 1: Evaluating a Human Service Program
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 1
Activities for Practice Exercise 1
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 1
Practice Exercise 2: Evaluating an Intervention
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 2
Activities for Practice Exercise 2
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 2
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Descriptions of Images and Figures
3 Ethics and Cultural Competence in Social Work Research
Introduction
Section A: Ethics in the Use of Human Subjects in Research
The Code of Ethics as a Guide for the Professional Social Worker
Major Principles About Protection of Human Subjects in Research
Informed Consent and Privacy
Risks and Benefits
Justice
Challenges for the Social Work Researcher
Obtaining Informed Consent
Protecting Privacy
Weighing the Risks and Benefits
The Institutional Review Board
Violations of Human Rights That Led to Ethical Review Boards
The Kinds of Research That Are Reviewed
The IRB Review Process
Advice for the Social Work Researcher
Section B: Cultural Competence in Social Work Research
The Nature of Cultural Competence
Cultural Competence Among Types of Research
Cultural Competence and the Research Process
Strategies for Culturally Competent Evaluation
Are Social Workers Culturally Competent?
Rethinking Cultural Competence
Chapter Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise 1: Ethics for Your Study
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 1
Activities for Practice Exercise 1
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 1
Practice Exercise 2: Demonstrating Cultural Competence for Your Research Study
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 2
Activities for Practice Exercise 2
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 2
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test on Ethics
Chapter Test on Cultural Competence
Chapter Glossary
4 Evidence-Based Practice
Introduction
The Nature of Evidence and Evidence-Based Practice
Levels of Evidence
The Single Article on Evidence
Traditional Literature Review of Evidence
Meta-Analysis
Systematic Review
Places to Find Evidence on the Internet
Listed for the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare
Cochrane Collaboration
Treating Obesity in Children
Authors’ conclusions
Plain language summary
Psychosocial and Psychological Interventions for Treating Postpartum Depression
Authors’ conclusions
Plain language summary
Psychotherapeutic Treatments for Older Depressed People
Authors’ conclusions
Plain language summary
Advice for the Social Worker
Steps in the Process of Evidence-Based Practice
Step 1: Articulate the Evidence-Based Research Question
Step 2: Search for Evidence
Step 3: Decide on the Chosen Treatment Based on Evidence, Client Preferences, and Practitioner Expertise
Step 4: Implement the Treatment and Evaluate the Outcome
Step 5: Draw Conclusions
Critical Appraisal of Evidence-Based Practice
The Dodo Bird Verdict
Chapter Practice Exercises
Competencies Demonstrated by These Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise 1: Examining a Systematic Review on Maternal Psychosocial Health
Activities for Practice Exercise 1
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 1
Practice Exercise 2: Finding a Systematic Review for Your Proposed Study
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Part Two Conducting Different Types of Social Work Research
5 Conducting Research That Employs Social Surveys
Introduction
The Nature of the Social Survey
Types of Social Surveys
The Face-to-Face Self-Administered Survey
The Mailed Survey
The Phone Interview
The Face-to-Face Interview
The Online Survey
When to Use Each Type of Survey
Conducting Your Own Social Survey
Step 1: Clarifying the Purpose of Your Study and the Variables That Are to Be Measured
Step 2: Securing a Study Sample From Your Designated Study Population
Step 3: Measuring Each Study Variable
Step 4: Distributing the Questionnaire and Analyzing Data
Step 5: Drawing Conclusions and Reporting Your Results
Composing Your Own Questionnaire
Deciding on the Form of the Items on the Questionnaire
Constructing the Questions
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Survey
Chapter Practice Exercises
Competencies Demonstrated by This Practice Exercise
Activities for This Practice Exercise
What You Will Report From This Practice Exercise
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
6 Conducting Research That Describes People: What Are the Traits That Describe the Good Manager?
Introduction
Preliminary Step for Practice Exercise 2 for This Chapter
Types of Social Work Research
Four Purposes of Social Work Research
Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement
Purposes and Measurement
The Phases of Descriptive Research
Phase 1: The Research Question and Knowledge Base
Phase 2: The Methods to Be Used to Conduct the Study
Reliability and Validity in Measurement
Sampling
Phase 3: Data Collection and Analysis
Levels of Measurement
Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
Descriptive Statistics and Levels of Measurement
Phase 4: Drawing Conclusions
Chapter Practice Exercises
Competencies Demonstrated by These Practice Exercises
Activities for These Practice Exercises
What You Will Report From These Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise 1: Reviewing the Results of a 1986 Study
Step 1: Reviewing the Research Questions and Knowledge Base for the 1986 Study
SRSs About Social Work Administration (York, 1987)
Step 2: Reviewing the Research Methods for the 1986 Study
Step 3: Reviewing the Data Analysis for the 1986 Study
Step 4: Drawing Conclusions for the 1986 Study
Step 5: Reporting the Results of the 1986 Study
Practice Exercise 2: Conducting Your Own Study of the Traits of the Good Manager
Ethics in the Use of Human Subjects in Research
Your Study Sample
Data Analysis for Your Study
Which Traits Are Most Favored?
Did Your Respondents Have a Male Stereotype?
Conclusions for Your Study
Reporting Your Results
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
7 Conducting Research That Explains Things: What Explains Life Satisfaction?
Introduction
The Four Major Phases of Explanatory Research
Phase 1: Developing the Research Question and Knowledge Base for the Explanatory Study
Theory in Explanatory Research
The Nature of the Empirical Relationship
Positive and Negative Relationships
Phase 2: Developing the Study Methods for the Explanatory Study
Sampling in Explanatory Research
Measurement in Explanatory Research
Reliability and Validity in Measurement
The Study Hypothesis in Explanatory Research
Finding a Statistic for Testing the Hypothesis
Phase 3: Collection and Analysis of Data for the Explanatory Study
Phase 4: Drawing Conclusions in Explanatory Research
An Explanatory Research Study Example: Does Stress or Social Support Explain Life Satisfaction?
Phase 1: The Research Questions and Knowledge Base for the 2017 Study of Life Satisfaction
Phase 2: Research Methods for the 2017 Study of Life Satisfaction
Study Sample
Ethics in the Use of Human Subjects in Research
Measurement of Study Variables
The Measurement of Life Satisfaction
The Measurement of Stress
The Measurement of Social Support
Testing the Reliability and Validity of the Measurement Tools
Phase 3: Data Analysis for the 2017 Study of Life Satisfaction
Descriptive Data Analysis
Testing the Study Hypotheses
The Statistical Tests for Examining the Hypotheses in the 2017 Study of Life Satisfaction
The Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Data on the Relationships of Stress, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction
Phase 4: Conclusions for the 2017 Study of Life Satisfaction
Chapter Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise 1: Reporting on the 2017 Study of Life Satisfaction
Practice Exercise 2: Conducting Your Own Study of Life Satisfaction
Step 1: Select a Study Sample From a Designated Study Population
Step 2: Administer the Questionnaire
Step 3: Record the Scores on the Three Variables for Each Respondent
Step 4: Analyze Your Data Using an Internet Website
Step 5: Report Your Results
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Chapter Appendix: Questionnaire for Study of Life Satisfaction
Part 1: Life Satisfaction
Part 2: Stress
Part 3: Social Support
Part 4: Yourself
8 Conducting Research That Evaluates Services
Introduction
The Parts of the Evaluation System
Evaluating Input, Process, Output, and Outcome
The Phases of Outcome Evaluation Research
Phase 1: Target Behavior Examination
Target Behavior Definition
Target Behavior Analysis
Review of Evidence
Justifying Your Selection of an Intervention
Phase 2: Description of the Intervention
Goal
Objective
Structure
Model
Personnel
Phase 3: Study Methods
Random Sampling and Scientific Generalization
Convenience Sampling and Logical Generalization
Using a Tested Instrument for Measuring Client Progress
Alternatives for Data Collection
Reliability and Validity
Finding a Measurement Tool
Developing Your Own Tool for Measurement
Research Designs and Causation
Ethics in the Use of Human Subjects in Research
Phase 4: Data Analysis
Testing the Study Hypothesis
Practical Significance
Phase 5: Writing the Study Conclusions for the Evaluative Study
Research Example: Are the Services of the New Horizons Treatment Program Effective in the Reduction of Depression for Adult Clients?
Phase 1: The Research Question and Knowledge Base for the New Horizons Study
What Is Depression?
Causes and Consequences of Depression
What Works in the Treatment of Depression?
Phase 2: Description of the New Horizons Treatment Program
Phase 3: Study Methods for the Evaluation of the New Horizons Treatment Program
Phase 4: Analysis of Data for the Evaluation of the New Horizons Treatment Program
Phase 5: Study Conclusions for the Evaluation of the New Horizons Treatment Program
Chapter Practice Exercises. Practice Exercise 1: Report on the New Horizons Treatment Program Evaluation
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 1
Activities for Practice Exercise 1
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 1
A: Target Behavior
B: Intervention
C: Study Methods
D: Data Analysis
E: Conclusions
Practice Exercise 2: Evaluating Various Aspects of Your Agency’s Service System
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Chapter Appendix: Statistical Analysis of the Data for the New Horizons Treatment Program
Descriptions of Images and Figures
9 Conducting Qualitative Research That Explores the Unknown
Introduction
Exploratory Research and Qualitative Research Methods
What Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Research Have in Common
The Phases of Exploratory Research Employing Qualitative Research Methods
Approaches to Qualitative Research
Ethnography
Grounded Theory
Cultural Competence and Grounded Theory
Analytic Induction
Step 1: Definition of the Phenomenon to Be Explained
Step 2: Explanation of the Phenomenon
Step 3: Selecting the Study Sample
Step 4: Determining the Interview Procedures
Step 5: Conducting the Interviews
Step 6: Data Analysis and Conclusions
The Case Study Method
Basic Components of the Case Study Design
Desired Skills for the Case Study Researcher
The Case Study Protocol
Sources of Evidence in Case Studies
Principles of Data Analysis in Case Studies
Utilization-Focused Evaluation
Step 1: Identifying Intended Users From the Identified Stakeholders
Step 2: Identifying the Intended Use of an Evaluation
Step 3: Identifying the Evaluation Questions
Step 4: Designing the Means for Collecting Data
Step 5: Collecting and Analyzing Data
Step 6: Facilitating the Use of the Data
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
The Interview as One Method of Data Collection
The Semistructured Interview
Phases of the Interview Process
The Focus Group as a Data Collection Method
The Survey as a Data Collection Method
Data Analysis in Qualitative Research
Narrative Analysis
Content Analysis
Coding in Content Analysis
Analytic Comparison in Content Analysis
Chapter Practice Exercise. An Experience With Coding in Content Analysis
Competencies Demonstrated by This Practice Exercise
Activities for This Practice Exercise
The Phases of Your Research Process
Phase 1: The Research Question and the Knowledge Base
Phase 2: Study Methods
Phase 3: Data Analysis
Phase 4: Study Conclusions
What You Will Report From This Practice Exercise
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
10 Conducting Program Evaluations
Introduction
What Does Your Agency Do to Evaluate Programs?
The Nature of Program Evaluations
Advantages of Program Evaluations
Characteristics of Good Programs
Finding Evidence for Human Service Programs
Types of Program Evaluations
Evaluation of Need
Using Nominal Group Technique for Assessing Need
Preliminary Considerations in the Use of NGT
Six Steps in the NGT Process
Limitations of NGT
Evaluation of Service Process
Evaluation of Efficiency
Evaluation of Outcome
Evaluation of Client Satisfaction
The Logic Model as a Way of Portraying Critical Aspects of the Program Evaluation
Some Qualitative Approaches for Program Evaluation
Issues in Program Evaluation
Chapter Practice Exercise. Practice Exercise 1: Reporting Your Agency’s Program Evaluation Efforts
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 1
Activities for Practice Exercise 1
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 1
Practice Exercise 2: Portraying Your Program Using the Logic Model
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Part Three Conducting Each Phase of Social Work Research
11 Developing Your Knowledge Base and Intervention
Introduction
Purpose and Knowledge as the Foundation for the Research Study
What the Knowledge Base Contributes
Theory, Paradigm, and Ideology
The Literature Review for a Research Study
Finding the Literature
Levels of Evidence
Reviewing the Literature
Justifying the Intervention in Evaluative Research
Preparing the Report of the Knowledge Base
Describing the Intervention or Program
Goals and Objectives for the Intervention or Program
Structure of the Intervention or Program
Form of the Intervention or Program
Intensity of the Intervention or Program
Unit of Service
Model of the Intervention or Program
Personnel of the Intervention or Program
Preliminary Information for the Practice Exercises
Finding the Literature
Writing Your Review
Chapter Practice Exercises. Practice Exercise 1: Developing Your Knowledge Base
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 1
Activities for Practice Exercise 1
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 1
Practice Exercise 2: Describing Your Intervention
Competencies Demonstrated by Practice Exercise 2
Activities for Practice Exercise 2
What You Will Report From Practice Exercise 2
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
12 Drawing Your Study Sample
Introduction
The Study Sample and the Study Population
Generalization of Study Results
Sampling Error
Sampling Elements, Sampling Frames, and Sampling Intervals
Random Samples and Scientific Generalization
Nonrandom Samples and Logical Generalization
Chapter Practice Exercises. Practice Exercise 1: Selecting a Random Sample for Your Study
Practice Exercise 2: Selecting a Snowball Sample
Practice Exercise 3: Logically Generalizing Your Findings From a Convenience Sample
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Descriptions of Images and Figures
13 Measuring Your Study Variables
Introduction
Why Fret Over Measurement?
The Nature of Measurement in Social Work Research
Standardized Tools and Individualized Tools
Measurement Error
Sources of Measurement Error
Preventing Measurement Error
Reliability as One Means of Reducing Measurement Error
Validity as a Mechanism for Reducing Measurement Error
Can You Have Validity If You Do Not Have Reliability?
Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Measurement
Securing the Tool for Measuring Your Study Variables
Tips for Finding a Measurement Tool
Using the Internet to Find a Measurement Tool
What If the Published Scale Takes Too Long to Complete?
Evaluating Measurement Tools
Tips for Developing Your Own Measurement Tool
Computing the Score for Your Scale
Describing Your Measurement Tool
Determining Practical Significance With Your Measurement Method
Special Challenges of the Single-Subject Research Study
Individualized Scales as an Option
The Outcome Rating Scale and the Session Rating Scale
The YES Scale
Your Evaluation of Service
Outcomes You Would Like to Achieve
Chapter Practice Exercises. Practice Exercises on Measurement
Practice Exercise 1: Finding a Tool to Measure Alcoholism
Practice Exercise 2: Finding a Tool for Measuring Your Clients’ Progress
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Descriptions of Images and Figures
14 Selecting A Research Design For A Group Evaluation Study
Introduction
The Nature of Causation in Research
Threats to Internal Validity
What Threats Should Be of Special Concern in My Situation?
Two General Types of Research Designs
Group Research Designs
The Basic Experimental Design
The One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design
Preexperimental Designs That Fail to Address Threats to Internal Validity
One-Group Posttest-Only Design
One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design
Quasi-Experimental Designs That Address Causation Minimally
Alternative Treatment Design
Comparison Group Design
Experimental Designs That Address Threats Optimally
The Basic Experimental Design
Posttest-Only Control Group Design
Summary of Group Research Designs
Chapter Practice Exercises
Competencies Demonstrated by These Practice Exercises
Activities for These Practice Exercises
What You Will Report From These Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise 1: Selecting an Appropriate Research Design in Specific Examples
Case 1: Eight Biweekly Therapy Sessions for Adults With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Case 2: Preparing Prekindergarten Children Through Educational Activities
Case 3: Weekly Sessions for At-Risk Youth
Case 4: Six Months of Case Management Service to Prevent Rehospitalization
Practice Exercise 2: Selecting an Appropriate Research Design for Your Study
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
15 Selecting A Research Design For A Single Client
Introduction
The Nature of the Single-Subject Research Study
Single-Subject Designs That Fail to Address Maturation or History
The B Single-Subject Design
The Limited AB Single-Subject Design
Single-Subject Designs That Address Maturation
The AB Single-Subject Design
The ABC Single-Subject Design
The BC Single-Subject Design
Single-Subject Designs That Address Both Maturation and History
The ABA Single-Subject Design
The ABAB Single-Subject Design
The BAB Single-Subject Design
Data Analysis for Single-Subject Research
Are the Data Amenable to Statistical Analysis?
Are the Data Statistically Significant?
Are the Data of Practical Significance?
Limitations of the Single-Subject Research Design
Carryover Effects From One Time Period to Another
External Validity
Chapter Practice Exercises
Competencies Demonstrated by These Practice Exercises
Activities for These Practice Exercises
What You Will Report From These Practice Exercises
Practice Exercise 1: What Single-Subject Designs Should Be Employed Here?
Situation 1: A Child With Autism
Situation 2: A Depressed Man Who Was Recently Divorced
Situation 3: An At-Risk Middle School Student
Practice Exercise 2: What Single-Subject Design Should I Employ in My Study?
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Descriptions of Images and Figures
16 Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions
Introduction
Using Descriptive Statistics to Describe People
Levels of Measurement
Frequencies, Proportions, and the Median
Mode, Mean, Range, and Standard Deviation
Using Inferential Statistic to Test Your Hypothesis in Explanatory Research
Questions You Must Answer to Find Your Statistic in Explanatory Research
How Many Variables Are in the Analysis?
At What Level Is Each Variable Measured?
Which Variable Is Dependent, and Which Is Independent?
Are the Data Independent?
What Is the Structure of Your Data?
Finding Your Statistic in Explanatory Research
Interpreting Data in Explanatory Research
Interpreting Data in Tables
Interpreting Correlations
Interpreting the Value of t
Interpreting Effect Size
Using Inferential Statistics to Test Your Hypothesis When You Are Evaluating Practice
Using a Guide to Find Your Statistic for Evaluative Research
Reporting Your Results for Evaluative Research
Presenting Your Study Conclusions
Chapter Practice Exercise
Competencies Demonstrated by This Practice Exercise
Activities for This Practice Exercise
What You Will Report From This Practice Exercise
Research Cases You Will Analyze. Case A: The Improvement of Depression
Case B: Improving Grades for At-Risk Youth
Case C: Improving the Self-Esteem of a Client
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Chapter Appendix: Instructions for Using an Internet Website to Analyze Data
Situation 1: Using the Paired t Test to Compare the Matched Pretest and Posttest Scores for one Group of Clients
Situation 2: Using the One-Sample t Test to Compare the Mean Pretest Score of a Group With the Posttest Scores for Each Member of This Group
Situation 3: Using the Independent t Test to Compare the Gain Scores of a Treatment Group With the Gain Scores of a Comparison Group
Situation 4: Using the One-Sample t Test to Compare a Set of Treatment Scores With the One Baseline Score for a Single Client
Situation 5: Using the Standard Deviation for Comparing a Set of Treatment Scores With a Set of Baseline Scores for a Single Client
17 Analyzing Qualitative Data
Introduction
An Overview of Qualitative Data Analysis
Narrative Analysis
Case 1: A Review of Organizational Dynamics
Case 2: A Review of Resilience Among Women Who Had Suffered Child Maltreatment
Case 3: The Impact of Homelessness and Shelter Life on Family Relationships
Reflections on Narrative Analysis
Content Analysis
Bracketing
First-Level Coding
Credibility Assessment
Second-Level Coding
Enumeration
Saturation Assessment
Conclusions
Chapter Practice Exercise. What Was Most Meaningful About This MSW Program?
Competencies Demonstrated by This Practice Exercise
Activities for This Practice Exercise
What You Will Report From This Practice Exercise
Analysis of Qualitative Data From the 2017 Study of a Graduate Social Work Program
Step 1: First-Level Coding of Data for Class A
Step 2: Credibility Assessment for the First-Level Codes of Data From Class A
Step 3: Second-Level Coding for Class A
Step 4: First-Level Coding for Class B
Step 5: Second-Level Coding of Data From Class B
Step 6: Saturation Assessment
Step 7: Conclusions
Chapter Review. Chapter Key Learnings
Chapter Discussion Questions
Chapter Test
Chapter Glossary
Glossary
References
Index
