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Reynold Alleyne Nicholson. A Literary History of the Arabs
A Literary History of the Arabs
Table of Contents
PREFACE
Introduction
CHAPTER I. SABA AND ḤIMYAR
CHAPTER II. THE HISTORY AND LEGENDS OF THE PAGAN ARABS
CHAPTER III. PRE-ISLAMIC POETRY, MANNERS, AND RELIGION
CHAPTER IV. THE PROPHET AND THE KORAN
CHAPTER V. THE ORTHODOX CALIPHATE AND THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY
CHAPTER VI. THE CALIPHS OF BAGHDÁD
CHAPTER VII. POETRY, LITERATURE, AND SCIENCE IN THE ‘ABBÁSID PERIOD
CHAPTER VIII. ORTHODOXY, FREE-THOUGHT, AND MYSTICISM
CHAPTER IX. THE ARABS IN EUROPE
CHAPTER X. FROM THE MONGOL INVASION TO THE PRESENT DAY
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS BY. EUROPEAN AUTHORS
I. PHILOLOGY
II. GENERAL WORKS ON ARABIAN HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHY, LITERATURE, ETC
III. PRE-ISLAMIC HISTORY, LITERATURE, AND RELIGION
IV. MUḤAMMAD AND THE KORAN
V. THE HISTORY OF THE CALIPHATE
VI. THE HISTORY OF MOSLEM CIVILISATION
VII. MUḤAMMADAN RELIGION, THEOLOGY, JURISPRUDENCE, PHILOSOPHY, AND MYSTICISM
VIII. THE HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF THE MOORS
IX. THE HISTORY OF THE ARABS FROM THE MONGOL INVASION IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT DAY
FOOTNOTES:
>INDEX
Отрывок из книги
Reynold Alleyne Nicholson
Published by Good Press, 2019
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C. The Umayyad Dynasty (661–750 a.d.).
‘Alí fell by an assassin's dagger, and Mu‘áwiya succeeded to the Caliphate, which remained in his family for ninety years. The Umayyads, with a single exception, were The Umayyad dynasty. Arabs first and Moslems afterwards. Religion sat very lightly on them, but they produced some able and energetic princes, worthy leaders of an imperial race. By 732 a.d. the Moslem conquests had reached the utmost limit which they ever attained. The Caliph in Damascus had his lieutenants beyond the Oxus and the Pyrenees, on the shores of the Caspian and in the valley of the Nile. Meantime the strength of the dynasty was being sapped by political and religious dissensions nearer home. The Shí‘ites, who held that the Caliphate belonged by Divine right to ‘Alí and his descendants, rose in revolt again and again. They were joined by the Persian Moslems, who loathed the Arabs and the oppressive Umayyad government. The ‘Abbásids, a family closely related to the Prophet, put themselves at the head of the agitation. It ended in the complete overthrow of the reigning house, which was almost exterminated.
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