An Account of Denmark

An Account of Denmark
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The Liberty Fund edition of An Account of Denmark is the first modern edition of Molesworth’s writings. This volume presents not only An Account, but also his translation of Francogallia and Some Considerations for the Promoting of Agriculture and Employing the Poor. These texts encompass Molesworth’s major political statements on liberty as well as his important and understudied recommendations for the application of liberty to economic improvement.David Womersley is Thomas Warton Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford. His most recent book is Divinity and State.Justin Champion is Chair of the History Department at Royal Holloway, University of London. Please note: This title is available as an ebook for purchase on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, and iTunes.

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Robert Molesworth. An Account of Denmark

CONTENTS

THE THOMAS HOLLIS LIBRARY

INTRODUCTION

Robert Molesworth and Gothic Liberty

The Life

The Ideas

The History and Reception of the Texts

EDITORIAL APPARATUS

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS. Editions, Translations, and Extracts, 1694–1789

English Editions

European Editions1

TEXTUAL POLICY

Italics

Spelling and Footnotes

LIST OF SOURCES

FURTHER READING

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

AN. ACCOUNT. OF. Denmark. AS. It was in the Year 1692

THE CONTENTS

THE PREFACE

CHAPTER I. Of the Territories belonging to the King of Denmark, and their Situation

CHAPTER II. Of Denmark in particular, and the Island of Zealand

CHAPTER III. Of the Sound

CHAPTER IV. Of the other Islands, and Jutland

CHAPTER V. Of the Rest of the King of Denmark’s Countries

CHAPTER VI. Of Their Form of Government

CHAPTER VII. The Manner How the Kingdom of Denmark Became Hereditary and Absolute

CHAPTER VIII. The Condition, Customs, and Temper of the People

CHAPTER IX. Of the Revenue

CHAPTER X. Of the Army, Fleet, and Fortresses

Fortresses Belonging to the King of Denmark

CHAPTER XI. Of the Court

CHAPTER XII. The Disposition and Inclinations of the King of Denmark towards his Neighbours

CHAPTER XIII. The manner of dispossessing, and restoring the Duke of Holstein Gottorp

CHAPTER XIV. The Interests of Denmark in relation to other Princes

CHAPTER XV. Of the Laws, Courts of Justice, etc

CHAPTER XVI. The State of Religion, of the Clergy, and Learning, etc

The Conclusion

Franco-Gallia: OR, AN. ACCOUNT. OF THE. Ancient Free State. OF. FRANCE,

THE PREFACE TO THE READER1

The Bookseller to the Reader2

THE TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE3

INDEX OF THE CHAPTERS

A SHORT EXTRACT OF THE LIFE OF FRANCIS HOTOMAN, Taken out of Monsieur Bayle’ s Historical Dictionary and other Authors

Explication of the Roman Names mention’d by Hotoman

THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE

CHAPTER I. The State of Gaul, before it was reduced into a Province by the Romans

CHAPTER II. Probable Conjectures concerning the ancient Language of the Gauls

CHAPTER III. The State of Gaul, after it was reduced into the Form of a Province by the Romans

CHAPTER IV. Of the Original of the Franks; who having possessed themselves of Gallia, changed its Name into that of Francia, or Francogallia

CHAPTER V. Of the Name of the Franks, and their sundry Excursions; and what time they first began to establish a Kingdom in Gallia

CHAPTER VI. Whether the Kingdom of Francogallia was hereditary or elective; and the manner of making its Kings

CHAPTER VII. What Rule was observ’d concerning the Inheritance of the deceased King, when he left more Children than one

CHAPTER VIII. Of the Salick Law, and what Right Women had in the King’s their Father’s Inheritance

CHAPTER IX. Of the Right of Wearing a large Head of Hair peculiar to the Royal Family

CHAPTER X. The Form and Constitution of the Francogallican Government

CHAPTER XI. Of the Sacred Authority of the Publick Council; and what Affairs were wont to be transacted therein

CHAPTER XII. Of the Kingly Officers, commonly call’d Mayors of the Palace

CHAPTER XIII. Whether Pipin was created King by the Pope or by the Authority of the Francogallican Council

CHAPTER XIV. Of the Constable, and Peers of France

CHAPTER XV. Of the continued Authority and Power of the Sacred Council, during the Reign of the Carolingian Family

CHAPTER XVI. Of the Capetian Race, and the Manner of its obtaining the Kingdom of Francogallia

CHAPTER XVII. Of the uninterrupted Authority of the Publick Council during the Capetian Race

CHAPTER XVIII. Of the Remarkable Authority of the Council against Lewis the Eleventh

CHAPTER XIX. Of the Authority of the Assembly of the States concerning the most important Affairs of Religion97

CHAPTER XX. Whether Women are not as much debarred (by the Francogallican Law) from the Administration, as from the Inheritance of the Kingdom

CHAPTER XXI. Of the Juridical Parliaments in France

SOME. CONSIDERATIONS. FOR THE. Promoting of Agriculture, AND. EMPLOYING. THE. POOR

To The Gentlemen of the Honourable House of Commons of Ireland

Some Considerations for the Promoting of Agriculture, Etc

APPENDIX 1. Selected Sources Cited in Francogallia

LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

APPENDIX 2. Ordonnance pour les Rangs du Royaume de Danemarck

INDEX

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

NOTES

Introduction

Editorial Apparatus

Bibliographical Descriptions

An Account of Denmark

The Preface

Chapter III

Chapter IV

Chapter V

Chapter VI

Chapter VII

Chapter VIII

Chapter IX

Chapter X

Chapter XI

Chapter XII

Chapter XV

Chapter XVI

An Account of the Ancient Free State of France. The Preface To The Reader

The Translator’s Preface

A Short Extract Of The Life Of Francis Hotoman

The Author’s Preface

Chapter I

Chapter II

Chapter III

Chapter IV

Chapter V

Chapter VI

Chapter VII

Chapter VIII

Chapter IX

Chapter X

Chapter XI

Chapter XIV

Chapter XIX

Chapter XX

Chapter XXI

Some Considerations for the Promoting of Agriculture

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An Account

of Denmark

.....

Whig political thought in Molesworth’s time was a complex mixture of contract, resistance, and ancient constitution—in effect a blend of history and theory. A common assumption underpinning this complexity was that liberty had premodern origins: “I conceive the original of the subject’s libertie was by those our forefathers brought out of Germany.”48 For many, the Saxon origin of such Gothic liberty was “a matter of fact” for opponents of such historical assumptions like the Tory Brady, this was “meer Romance.”49 The source most commonly associated with this account was Tacitus’s Germania, which represented a primitive Gothic honor and simplicity against a vision of Roman urban luxury and moral torpor. As one commentator noted in 1689, “some have sent us to Tacitus and as far as Germany to learn our English Constitution.” The assumption promulgated by Molesworth was neatly summarized and shared even by court Whig John Oldmixon in 1724: “no nation has preserv’d their Gothic constitution better than the English.”50 Written in the 1690s and 1700s in the context of the Hanoverian succession, Molesworth’s defense of an anglia libera, prompted by a Tacitean reading of Frankish liberty, provided a British readership with a non-Roman and anti-Gallic source of constitutional legitimacy.51

The political context for Molesworth’s contributions was not simply domestic but European: internally the war against popery and arbitrary power in the guise of Tory Jacobitism was rendered more complex by the threat of Louis XIV’s foreign policy. The fragility of the Revolution settlement and, especially after 1700, the insecurity of the succession of the Hanoverian line meant that Molesworth’s polemic against Danish absolutism was a stalking horse for the indictment of latent tyranny at home and practical despotism abroad. The lamentation for the loss of Danish freedom was tuned to English, French, and Dutch ears. Great attention was paid to the preparation of the many French editions of the Account. The inclusion of maps and emblematic frontispieces representing Danish liberty is evidence of this concern to ensure an engaged readership. Later French editions also included useful indices drawing the attention of the reader to significant themes: for example, “Absolus. Les Princes n’ont pû acquerir legitiment le droit d’être absolus” “Governement Anglois, trop parfait pour recevoir aucun amendement” and “Prêtres, ont beaucoup contributé à render le gouvernement de la Russie et de la Muscovie tirannique” “Les païsans de la Zelande y sont aussi esclaves que les negres dans les Barbades.”52 It is clear that the Huguenot diaspora of the 1690s would have valued the anti-absolutist thrust of the Account; what is more significant is that twenty years after its initial publication (alongside the edition of Francogallia) French audiences found it a useful resource for engaging with the Ludovicean regime.53 Certainly in the decade of 1710 the reception of the two works connected with the nobilaire and parlementaire resistance in France especially associated with the so-called Burgundian circle coordinated by Boulainvilliers. The nature of the Gothic constitution described in Hotman’s work and the Account set some of the key terms of political debate.54 The Francogallian constitution with its emphasis on the role of an ancient and virtuous aristocracy was a useful polemical weapon against Louis XIV’s conception of monarchy.55

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