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Ronald Wardhaugh
An Introduction to Sociolinguistics
Читать книгу An Introduction to Sociolinguistics - Ronald Wardhaugh, Janet M. Fuller - Страница 1
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
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Страница 9
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1 Introduction KEY TOPICS
The Nature of Language
Knowledge of Language
Competence and performance
Exploration 1.1 Grammatical Judgments
Variation
Exploration 1.2 Variation in Greetings
Variants and the linguistic variable
Language Users and Their Groups: Identities
Exploration 1.3 Identities
Language and Culture
Directions of influence
The Whorfian hypothesis
Exploration 1.4 Translatability
Correlations
The Interdisciplinary Legacy of Sociolinguistics
Overview of the Book
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Further Reading
References
Страница 35
2 Languages, Dialects, and Varieties KEY TOPICS
What is a Language?
Language or Dialect?
Mutual intelligibility
The role of social identity
Exploration 2.1 Dialects
Standardization
The standard as an abstraction
Exploration 2.2 What is the Standard?
The standardization process
The standard and language change
Standard language?
The standard–dialect hierarchy
Regional Dialects
Dialect geography
Everyone has an accent
Exploration 2.3 The Standard and Accents
Social Dialects
Kiezdeutsch ‘neighborhood German’
Ethnic dialects
African American Vernacular English
Features of AAVE
Development of AAVE
Societal aspects of AAVE use
Styles and Indexes: The Social Meanings of Linguistic Forms
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Further Reading
References
3 Defining Groups KEY TOPICS
Speech Communities
Linguistic boundaries
Shared norms
Exploration 3.1 Acceptability Judgments
Communities of Practice
Social Networks
Exploration 3.2 Social Networks
Social Identities
Beliefs about Language and Social Groups
Language ideologies
The standard language ideology
The purist ideology
Monoglossic ideologies
Exploration 3.3 Slang
Iconicity, erasure, and recursivity
Language attitudes
Perceptual dialectology
Matched/verbal guises
Implicit association task (IAT)
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Further Reading
References
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