Оглавление
Rosette M. Roat-Malone. Bioinorganic Chemistry
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY. A Short Course
PREFACE
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
BIOGRAPHY
ABOUT THE COMPANION PAGE
1 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY ESSENTIALS. 1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
1.3 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY BASICS
1.4 ELECTRONIC AND GEOMETRIC STRUCTURES OF METALS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
1.5 THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
1.6 BIOORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
1.7 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY CONCLUSIONS
1.8 INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY
1.9 PROTEINS. 1.9.1 Amino Acid Building Blocks
1.9.2 Protein Structure
1.9.3 Protein Function, Enzymes, and Enzyme Kinetics
1.10 DNA AND RNA BUILDING BLOCKS
1.10.1 DNA and RNA Molecular Structures
1.10.2 Transmission of Genetic Information
1.10.3 Genetic Mutations and Site‐Directed Mutagenesis
1.10.4 Genes and Cloning
1.10.5 Genomics and the Human Genome
1.10.6 CRISPR
1.11 A DESCRIPTIVE EXAMPLE: ELECTRON TRANSPORT THROUGH DNA
1.11.1 Cyclic Voltammetry
1.12 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.13 QUESTIONS AND THOUGHT PROBLEMS
REFERENCES
2 COMPUTER HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY METHODS. 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER‐BASED METHODS
2.2 COMPUTER HARDWARE
2.3 COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR CHEMISTRY
2.3.1 Chemical Drawing Programs
2.3.2 Visualization Programs
2.3.3 Computational Chemistry Software
2.3.3.1 Molecular Dynamics (MD) Software
2.3.3.2 Mathematical and Graphing Software
2.4 MOLECULAR MECHANICS (MM), MOLECULAR MODELING, AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS (MD)
2.5 QUANTUM MECHANICS‐BASED COMPUTATIONAL METHODS. 2.5.1 Ab‐Initio Methods
2.5.2 Semiempirical Methods
2.5.3 Density Functional Theory and Examples
2.5.3.1 Starting with Schrödinger
2.5.3.2 Density Functional Theory (DFT)
2.5.3.3 Basis Sets
2.5.3.4 DFT Applications
2.5.4 Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Methods
2.6 CONCLUSIONS ON HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
2.7 DATABASES, VISUALIZATION TOOLS, NOMENCLATURE, AND OTHER ONLINE RESOURCES
2.8 QUESTIONS AND THOUGHT PROBLEMS
REFERENCES
3 IMPORTANT METAL CENTERS IN PROTEINS
3.1 IRON CENTERS IN MYOGLOBIN AND HEMOGLOBIN. 3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Structure and Function as Determined by X‐ray Crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
3.1.3 Cryo‐Electron Microscopy and Hemoglobin Structure/Function. 3.1.3.1 Introduction
3.1.3.2 Cryo‐Electron Microscopy Techniques
3.1.3.3 Structures Determined Using Cryo‐Electron Microscopy
3.1.4 Model Compounds
3.1.5 Blood Substitutes
3.2 IRON CENTERS IN CYTOCHROMES
3.2.1 Cytochrome c Oxidase
3.2.2 Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO) Structural Studies
3.2.3 Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO) Catalytic Cycle and Energy Considerations
3.2.4 Proton Channels in Cytochrome c Oxidase
3.2.5 Cytochrome c Oxidase Model Compounds
3.3 IRON–SULFUR CLUSTERS IN NITROGENASE
3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.2 Nitrogenase Structure and Catalytic Mechanism
3.3.3 Mechanism of Dinitrogen (N2) Reduction
3.3.4 Substrate Pathways into Nitrogenase
3.3.5 Nitrogenase Model Compounds
3.3.5.1 Functional Nitrogenase Models
3.3.5.2 Structural Nitrogenase Models
3.4 COPPER AND ZINC IN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. 3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.2 Superoxide Dismutase Structure and Mechanism of Catalytic Activity
3.4.3 A Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Model Compound
3.5 METHANE MONOOXYGENASE. 3.5.1 Introduction
3.5.2 Soluble Methane Monooxygenase
3.5.3 Particulate Methane Monooxygenase
3.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
3.7 QUESTIONS AND THOUGHT PROBLEMS
REFERENCES
4 HYDROGENASES, CARBONIC ANHYDRASES, NITROGEN CYCLE ENZYMES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 HYDROGENASES. 4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 [NiFe]‐hydrogenases
4.2.2.1 [NiFe]‐hydrogenase Model Compounds
4.2.3 [FeFe]‐hydrogenases
4.2.3.1 [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Model Compounds
4.2.4 [Fe]‐hydrogenases
4.2.4.1 [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Model Compounds
4.3 CARBONIC ANHYDRASES. 4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
4.4 NITROGEN CYCLE ENZYMES
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Nitric Oxide synthase
4.4.2.1 Introduction
4.4.2.2 Nitric Oxide Synthase Structure
4.4.2.3 Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors
4.4.3 Nitrite Reductase. 4.4.3.1 Introduction
4.4.3.2 Reduction of Nitrite Ion to Ammonium Ion
4.4.3.3 Reduction of Nitrite Ion to Nitric Oxide
4.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
4.6 QUESTIONS AND THOUGHT PROBLEMS
REFERENCES
5 NANOBIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 5.1 INTRODUCTION TO NANOMATERIALS
5.2 ANALYTICAL METHODS
5.2.1 Microscopy
5.2.1.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
5.2.1.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
5.2.1.3 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)
5.2.1.4 Cryo‐Electron Microscopy
5.2.1.5 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
5.2.1.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
5.2.1.7 Super‐Resolution Microscopy and DNA‐PAINT
5.2.2 Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
5.3 DNA ORIGAMI
5.4 METALLIZED DNA NANOMATERIALS. 5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 DNA‐Coated Metal Electrodes
5.4.3 Plasmonics and DNA
5.5 BIOIMAGING WITH NANOMATERIALS, NANOMEDICINE, AND CYTOTOXICITY. 5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Imaging with Nanomaterials
5.5.3 Bioimaging using Quantum Dots (QD)
5.5.4 Nanoparticles in Therapeutic Nanomedicine
5.5.4.1 Clinical Nanomedicine
5.5.4.2 Some Drugs Formulated into Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment: Cisplatinum, Platinum(IV) Prodrugs, and Doxorubicin
5.6 THERANOSTICS
5.7 NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY
5.8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
5.9 QUESTIONS AND THOUGHT PROBLEMS
REFERENCES
6 METALS IN MEDICINE, DISEASE STATES, DRUG DEVELOPMENT. 6.1 PLATINUM ANTICANCER AGENTS
6.1.1 Cisplatin
6.1.1.1 Cisplatin Toxicity
6.1.1.2 Mechanism of Cisplatin Activity
6.1.2 Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
6.1.3 Oxaliplatin
6.1.4 Other cis‐Platinum(II) Compounds. 6.1.4.1 Nedaplatin
6.1.4.2 Lobaplatin
6.1.4.3 Heptaplatin
6.1.5 Antitumor Active Trans Platinum compounds
6.1.6 Platinum Drug Resistance
6.1.7 Combination Therapies: Platinum‐Containing Drugs with Other Antitumor Compounds
6.1.8 Platinum(IV) Antitumor Drugs. 6.1.8.1 Satraplatin
6.1.8.2 Ormaplatin
6.1.8.3 Iproplatin, JM9, CHIP
6.1.9 Platinum(IV) Prodrugs. 6.1.9.1 Multitargeted Platinum(IV) Prodrugs
6.1.9.2 Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Delivered via Nanoparticles
6.2 RUTHENIUM COMPOUNDS AS ANTICANCER AGENTS. 6.2.1 Ruthenium(III) Anticancer Agents
6.2.2 Ruthenium(II) Anticancer Agents
6.2.3 Mechanism of Ruthenium(II) Anticancer Agent Activity
6.2.4 Ruthenium Compounds Tested for Antitumor Activity
6.3 IRIDIUM AND OSMIUM ANTITUMOR AGENTS
6.4 OTHER ANTITUMOR AGENTS. 6.4.1 Gold Complexes
6.4.2 Titanium Complexes
6.4.3 Copper Complexes
6.5 BISMUTH DERIVATIVES AS ANTIBACTERIALS
6.6 DISEASE STATES, DRUG DISCOVERY, AND TREATMENTS
6.6.1 Superoxide Dismutases (SOD) in Disease States
6.6.2 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
6.6.3 Wilson’s and Menkes Disease
6.6.4 Alzheimer's disease
6.6.4.1 Role of Amyloid β Protein
6.6.4.2 Interactions of Aβ Peptides with Metals
6.6.4.3 Alzheimer's Disease Treatments
6.7 OTHER DISEASE STATES INVOLVING METALS. 6.7.1 Copper and Zinc Ions and Cataract Formation
6.7.2 As2O3, used in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
6.7.3 Vanadium‐based Type 2 Diabetes Drugs
6.8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
6.9 QUESTIONS AND THOUGHT PROBLEMS
REFERENCES
INDEX
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