A Guide Book of United States Coins 2021
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R.S. Yeoman. A Guide Book of United States Coins 2021
A GUIDE BOOK OF. UNITED. STATES. COINS
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION. CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
Photographs in This Book
WELCOME TO NUMISMATICS. CONDITIONS OF COINS
THIRD-PARTY GRADING AND AUTHENTICATION
AN INTRODUCTION TO UNITED STATES COINS. The Spanish Milled Dollar
Money of the Early Americans
Coinage of the States
The Beginnings of United States Coinage
Regular Mint Issues
MINTS AND MINTMARKS
QUANTITIES OF COINS STRUCK, AND MINT DATA
TODAY’S RARE-COIN MARKET
CHECKING YOUR COINS FOR AUTHENTICITY
Replicas
Counterfeits
Alterations
Detection
COINS FROM TREASURES AND HOARDS: A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING RARITY AND VALUE
Elements of Rarity
Excitement of a New Design
Other Popular First-Year Coins
Coins Few People Noticed
The 1962–1964 Treasury Release
Other Famous Hoards
Sunken Treasure
PRE-FEDERAL ISSUES. COLONIAL ISSUES. FOREIGN COINS IN THE COLONIES
Spanish-American Coinage of the New World
Cob Coinage – King Philip II (1556–1598) to King Charles III (1760–1772)
Pillar Type – King Philip V (1732–1747), King Ferdinand VI (1747–1760), and King Charles III (1760–1772)
Bust Type – King Charles III (1772–1789), King Charles IV (1789–1808), and King Ferdinand VII (1808–1825)
Typical World Coinage Used in Colonial America. Netherlands Silver Coinage, 1601–1693
French Silver Coinage of King Louis XV (1715–1774) and King Louis XVI (1774–1792)
British Silver Coinage of King Charles I (1625–1649) to King George III (1760–1820)
BRITISH NEW WORLD ISSUES. Sommer Islands (Bermuda)
Massachusetts “New England” Coinage (1652)
Willow Tree Coinage (1653–1660)
Oak Tree Coinage (1660–1667)
Pine Tree Coinage (1667–1682)
Maryland. Lord Baltimore Coinage
New Jersey. St. Patrick or Mark Newby Coinage
COINAGE AUTHORIZED BY BRITISH ROYAL PATENT. American Plantations Coins
Coinage of William Wood. Rosa Americana Coins
Wood’s Hibernia Coinage
Virginia Halfpennies
EARLY AMERICAN AND RELATED TOKENS. Elephant Tokens. London Elephant Tokens
Carolina Elephant Tokens
New England Elephant Tokens
New Yorke in America Token
Gloucester Tokens
Higley or Granby Coppers
Hibernia–Voce Populi Coins
Pitt Tokens
Rhode Island Ship Medals
John Chalmers Issues
FRENCH NEW WORLD ISSUES
Coinage of 1670
Coinage of 1717–1720
Billon Coinage of 1709–1760
Coinage of 1721–1722
Copper Sou or Nine Deniers
French Colonies in General
POST-COLONIAL ISSUES. SPECULATIVE ISSUES, TOKENS, AND PATTERNS. Nova Constellatio Coppers
Immune Columbia Pieces
Confederatio and Related Tokens
COINAGE OF THE STATES AND VERMONT. Vermont
New Hampshire
Massachusetts. Massachusetts Unofficial Coppers
Massachusetts Authorized Issues
Connecticut
New York and Related Issues. Brasher Doubloons
New York Copper Coinage
British Copper Coins and Their Imitations (Including Machin’s Mills, and Other Underweight Coinage of 1786–1789)
Georgivs/Britannia “Machin’s Mills” Copper Halfpennies Made in America
Nova Eborac Coinage for New York
New Jersey
PRIVATE TOKENS AFTER CONFEDERATION. North American Tokens
Bar Coppers
Auctori Plebis Tokens
Mott Store Cards
Standish Barry Threepence
Albany Church Pennies
Kentucky Tokens
Franklin Press Tokens
Talbot, Allum & Lee Cents
Myddelton Tokens
Copper Company of Upper Canada Tokens
Castorland Medals
Theatre at New York Tokens
New Spain (Texas) Jola Tokens
North West Company Tokens
WASHINGTON PIECES
Georgivs Triumpho Tokens
Washington Portrait Pieces
Getz Patterns
Liberty and Security Tokens
North Wales Halfpennies
Success Medals
FEDERAL ISSUES. CONTRACT ISSUES AND PATTERNS. CONTINENTAL CURRENCY
NOVA CONSTELLATIO PATTERNS
FUGIO COPPERS
1787 With Pointed Rays
1787 With Club Rays
1792 PROPOSED COINAGE
1792 Silver Center Cent
1792 Birch Cent
1792 Half Disme
1792 Disme
1792 Quarter Dollar
THE LIBERTAS AMERICANA MEDAL
HALF CENTS
LIBERTY CAP, HEAD FACING LEFT (1793)
LIBERTY CAP, HEAD FACING RIGHT (1794–1797)
DRAPED BUST (1800–1808)
CLASSIC HEAD (1809–1836)
BRAIDED HAIR (1840–1857)
LARGE CENTS
FLOWING HAIR
Chain Reverse (1793)
Wreath Reverse (1793)
LIBERTY CAP (1793–1796)
DRAPED BUST (1796–1807)
CLASSIC HEAD (1808–1814)
LIBERTY HEAD (1816–1857)
Matron Head (1816–1835)
Matron Head Modified (1835–1839): The “Young Head”
Braided Hair (1839–1857)
PASSING OF THE LARGE CENT AND HALF CENT
SMALL CENTS
FLYING EAGLE (1856–1858)
INDIAN HEAD (1859–1909)
Variety 1 – Copper-Nickel, Laurel Wreath Reverse (1859)
Variety 2 – Copper-Nickel, Oak Wreath With Shield (1860–1864)
Variety 3 – Bronze (1864–1909)
LINCOLN, WHEAT EARS REVERSE (1909–1958)
Variety 1 – Bronze (1909–1942)
Variety 2 – Zinc-Coated Steel (1943)
Variety 1 (Bronze) Resumed (1944–1958)
LINCOLN, MEMORIAL REVERSE (1959–2008)
Copper Alloy (1959–1982)
Copper-Plated Zinc (1982–2008)
LINCOLN, BICENTENNIAL (2009)
LINCOLN, SHIELD REVERSE (2010 TO DATE)
TWO-CENT PIECES
THREE-CENT PIECES. SILVER THREE-CENT PIECES (TRIMES) (1851–1873)
NICKEL THREE-CENT PIECES (1865–1889)
NICKEL FIVE-CENT PIECES. SHIELD (1866–1883)
LIBERTY HEAD (1883–1913)
INDIAN HEAD OR BUFFALO (1913–1938)
Variety 1 – FIVE CENTS on Raised Ground (1913)
Variety 2 – FIVE CENTS in Recess (1913–1938)
JEFFERSON (1938–2003)
Wartime Silver Alloy (1942–1945)
Prewar Composition, Mintmark Style Resumed (1946–1965)
1966–2003
WESTWARD JOURNEY (2004–2005)
MODIFIED (2006 TO DATE)
HALF DIMES
FLOWING HAIR (1794–1795)
DRAPED BUST (1796–1805)
Small Eagle Reverse (1796–1797)
Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1800–1805)
CAPPED BUST (1829–1837)
LIBERTY SEATED (1837–1873)
Variety 1 – No Stars on Obverse (1837–1838)
Variety 2 – Stars on Obverse (1838–1853)
Variety 3 – Arrows at Date (1853–1855)
Variety 2 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 3 (1856–1859)
Transitional Patterns
Variety 4 – Legend on Obverse (1860–1873)
DIMES
DRAPED BUST (1796–1807) Small Eagle Reverse (1796–1797)
Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798–1807)
CAPPED BUST (1809–1837)
Variety 1 – Wide Border (1809–1828)
Variety 2 – Modified Design (1828–1837)
LIBERTY SEATED (1837–1891)
Variety 1 – No Stars on Obverse (1837–1838)
Variety 2 – Stars on Obverse (1838–1853)
Variety 3 – Arrows at Date (1853–1855)
Variety 2 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 3 (1856–1860)
Variety 4 – Legend on Obverse (1860–1873)
Variety 5 – Arrows at Date (1873–1874)
Variety 4 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 5 (1875–1891)
BARBER OR LIBERTY HEAD (1892–1916)
WINGED LIBERTY HEAD OR “MERCURY” (1916–1945)
ROOSEVELT (1946 TO DATE)
Silver Coinage (1946–1964)
Clad Coinage and Silver Proofs (1965 to Date)
TWENTY-CENT PIECES. LIBERTY SEATED (1875–1878)
QUARTER DOLLARS
DRAPED BUST (1796–1807)
Small Eagle Reverse (1796)
Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1804–1807)
CAPPED BUST (1815–1838) Variety 1 – Large Diameter (1815–1828)
Variety 2 – Reduced Diameter (1831–1838), Motto Removed
LIBERTY SEATED (1838–1891)
Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1838–1853)
Variety 2 – Arrows at Date, Rays Around Eagle (1853)
Variety 3 – Arrows at Date, No Rays (1854–1855)
Variety 1 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 2 (1856–1865)
Variety 4 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1873)
Variety 5 – Arrows at Date (1873–1874)
Variety 4 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 5 (1875–1891)
BARBER OR LIBERTY HEAD (1892–1916)
STANDING LIBERTY (1916–1930)
Variety 1 – No Stars Below Eagle (1916–1917)
Variety 2 – Stars Below Eagle (1917–1930) Pedestal Date (1917–1924)
Recessed Date (1925–1930)
WASHINGTON (1932 TO DATE)
Silver Coinage (1932–1964)
Clad Coinage and Silver Proofs (1965–1998)
Bicentennial (1776–1976)
Eagle Reverse Resumed (1977–1998) (Dies Slightly Modified to Lower Relief)
State Quarters (1999–2008)
District of Columbia and U.S. Territories Quarters (2009)
America the Beautiful™ Quarters Program (2010–2021)
HALF DOLLARS
FLOWING HAIR (1794–1795)
DRAPED BUST (1796–1807)
Small Eagle Reverse (1796–1797)
Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1801–1807)
CAPPED BUST, LETTERED EDGE (1807–1836)
First Style (1807–1808)
Remodeled Portrait and Eagle (1809–1836)
Slightly Modified Portrait (1834–1836)
CAPPED BUST, REEDED EDGE (1836–1839)
Reverse 50 CENTS (1836–1837)
Reverse HALF DOL. (1838–1839)
LIBERTY SEATED (1839–1891)
Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1839–1853)
Modified Reverse With Large Letters in Legend (1842–1853)
Variety 2 – Arrows at Date, Rays Around Eagle (1853)
Variety 3 – Arrows at Date, No Rays (1854–1855)
Variety 1 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 2 (1856–1866)
Variety 4 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1873)
Variety 5 – Arrows at Date (1873–1874)
Variety 4 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 5 (1875–1891)
BARBER OR LIBERTY HEAD (1892–1915)
LIBERTY WALKING (1916–1947)
FRANKLIN (1948–1963)
KENNEDY (1964 TO DATE)
Silver Coinage (1964)
Silver Clad Coinage (1965–1970)
Clad Coinage and Silver Proofs (1971 to Date)
Bicentennial (1776–1976)
Eagle Reverse Resumed (1977 to Date)
SILVER AND RELATED DOLLARS
ORIGIN OF THE DOLLAR
FLOWING HAIR (1794–1795)
DRAPED BUST (1795–1804) Small Eagle Reverse (1795–1798)
Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798–1804)
1804 DOLLAR
GOBRECHT DOLLARS (1836–1839)
Circulation Issues and Patterns
Restrikes
LIBERTY SEATED (1840–1873)
No Motto (1840–1865)
With Motto IN GOD WE TRUST (1866–1873)
TRADE DOLLARS (1873–1885)
MORGAN (1878–1921)
PEACE (1921–1935)
EISENHOWER (1971–1978) Eagle Reverse (1971–1974)
Bicentennial (1776–1976)
Eagle Reverse Resumed (1977–1978)
SUSAN B. ANTHONY (1979–1999)
SACAGAWEA (2000–2008)
PRESIDENTIAL (2007–2016, 2020)
NATIVE AMERICAN (2009 TO DATE)
AMERICAN INNOVATION (2018 TO DATE)
GOLD DOLLARS
LIBERTY HEAD (1849–1854)
INDIAN PRINCESS HEAD, SMALL HEAD (1854–1856)
INDIAN PRINCESS HEAD, LARGE HEAD (1856–1889)
QUARTER EAGLES ($2.50)
CAPPED BUST TO RIGHT (1796–1807)
DRAPED BUST TO LEFT, LARGE SIZE (1808)
CAPPED HEAD TO LEFT (1821–1834) Large Diameter (1821–1827)
Reduced Diameter (1829–1834)
CLASSIC HEAD, NO MOTTO ON REVERSE (1834–1839)
LIBERTY HEAD (1840–1907)
CAL. Gold Quarter Eagle (1848)
INDIAN HEAD (1908–1929)
THREE–DOLLAR GOLD PIECES. INDIAN PRINCESS HEAD (1854–1889)
FOUR–DOLLAR GOLD OR “STELLA” STELLA (1879–1880)
HALF EAGLES ($5)
CAPPED BUST TO RIGHT (1795–1807)
Small Eagle Reverse (1795–1798)
Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1795–1807)
DRAPED BUST TO LEFT (1807–1812)
CAPPED HEAD TO LEFT (1813–1834) Bold Relief (1813–1815), Large Diameter (1813–1829)
Reduced Diameter (1829–1834)
CLASSIC HEAD, NO MOTTO (1834–1838)
LIBERTY HEAD (1839–1908) Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1839–1866)
Variety 2 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1908)
INDIAN HEAD (1908–1929)
EAGLES ($10)
CAPPED BUST TO RIGHT (1795–1804) Small Eagle Reverse (1795–1797)
Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1797–1804)
LIBERTY HEAD (1838–1907) Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1838–1866)
Variety 2 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1907)
INDIAN HEAD (1907–1933)
Variety 1 – No Motto on Reverse (1907–1908)
Variety 2 – Motto on Reverse (1908–1933)
DOUBLE EAGLES ($20)
LIBERTY HEAD (1849–1907)
Without Motto on Reverse (1849–1866)
Motto Above Eagle. Value TWENTY D. (1866–1876)
Value TWENTY DOLLARS (1877–1907)
SAINT-GAUDENS (1907–1933)
Ultra High Relief Pattern, MCMVII (1907)
Without Motto IN GOD WE TRUST (1907–1908) High Relief, MCMVII (1907)
Arabic Numerals, No Motto (1907–1908)
With Motto IN GOD WE TRUST (1908–1933)
COMMEMORATIVES
Price Performance
CLASSIC COMMEMORATIVE SILVER AND GOLD (1892–1893) World’s Columbian Exposition Half Dollar
(1893) World’s Columbian Exposition, Isabella Quarter
(1900) Lafayette Dollar
(1903) Louisiana Purchase Exposition
(1904–1905) Lewis and Clark Exposition
(1915) Panama-Pacific International Exposition
(1916–1917) McKinley Memorial
(1918) Illinois Centennial
(1920) Maine Centennial
(1920–1921) Pilgrim Tercentenary
(1921) Missouri Centennial
(1921) Alabama Centennial
(1922) Grant Memorial
(1923) Monroe Doctrine Centennial
(1924) Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary
(1925) Lexington-Concord Sesquicentennial
(1925) Stone Mountain Memorial
(1925) California Diamond Jubilee
(1925) Fort Vancouver Centennial
(1926) Sesquicentennial of American Independence
(1926–1939) Oregon Trail Memorial
(1927) Vermont Sesquicentennial
(1928) Hawaiian Sesquicentennial
(1934) Maryland Tercentenary
(1934–1938) Texas Independence Centennial
(1934–1938) Daniel Boone Bicentennial
(1935) Connecticut Tercentenary
(1935–1939) Arkansas Centennial
(1936) Arkansas Centennial – Robinson
(1935) Hudson, New York, Sesquicentennial
(1935–1936) California Pacific International Exposition
(1935) Old Spanish Trail
(1936) Providence, Rhode Island, Tercentenary
(1936) Cleveland Centennial / Great Lakes Exposition
(1936) Wisconsin Territorial Centennial
(1936) Cincinnati Music Center
(1936) Long Island Tercentenary
(1936) York County, Maine, Tercentenary
(1936) Bridgeport, Connecticut, Centennial
(1936) Lynchburg, Virginia, Sesquicentennial
(1936) Elgin, Illinois, Centennial
(1936) Albany, New York, Charter
(1936) San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge Opening
(1936) Columbia, South Carolina, Sesquicentennial
(1936) Delaware Tercentenary
(1936) Battle of Gettysburg Anniversary
(1936) Norfolk, Virginia, Bicentennial
(1937) Roanoke Island, North Carolina, 350th Anniversary
(1937) Battle of Antietam Anniversary
(1938) New Rochelle, New York, 250th Anniversary
(1946) Iowa Centennial
(1946–1951) Booker T. Washington Memorial
(1951–1954) Carver/Washington Commemorative
MODERN COMMEMORATIVES (1982) George Washington 250th Anniversary of Birth
(1983–1984) Los Angeles Olympiad
(1986) Statue of Liberty Centennial
(1987) U.S. Constitution Bicentennial
(1988) Seoul Olympiad
(1989) Congress Bicentennial
(1990) Eisenhower Centennial
(1991) Mount Rushmore Golden Anniversary
(1991) Korean War Memorial
(1991) United Service Organizations
(1992) XXV Olympiad
(1992) White House 200th Anniversary
(1992) Christopher Columbus Quincentenary
(1993) Bill of Rights
(1991–1995) 50th Anniversary of World War II
(1994) World Cup Tournament
(1993 [1994]) Thomas Jefferson
(1994) Vietnam Veterans Memorial
(1994) U.S. Prisoner of War Museum
(1994) Women in Military Service Memorial
(1994) U.S. Capitol Bicentennial
(1995) Civil War Battlefield Preservation
(1995) XXVI Olympiad
(1995) Special Olympics World Games
(1996) National Community Service
(1996) Smithsonian Institution 150th Anniversary
(1997) U.S. Botanic Garden
(1997) Jackie Robinson
(1997) Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1997) National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial
(1998) Robert F. Kennedy
(1998) Black Revolutionary War Patriots
(1999) Dolley Madison
(1999) George Washington Death Bicentennial
(1999) Yellowstone National Park
(2000) Library of Congress Bicentennial
(2000) Leif Ericson Millennium
(2001) American Buffalo
(2001) U.S. Capitol Visitor Center
(2002) Salt Lake City Olympic Games
(2002) West Point Bicentennial
(2003) First Flight Centennial
(2004) Thomas Alva Edison
(2004) Lewis and Clark Bicentennial
(2005) Chief Justice John Marshall
(2005) Marine Corps 230th Anniversary
(2006) Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary
(2006) San Francisco Old Mint Centennial
(2007) Jamestown 400th Anniversary
(2007) Little Rock Central High School Desegregation
(2008) Bald Eagle Recovery and National Emblem
(2009) Louis Braille Bicentennial
(2009) Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial
(2010) American Veterans Disabled for Life
(2010) Boy Scouts of America Centennial
(2011) Medal of Honor
(2011) U.S. Army
(2012) Infantry Soldier
(2012) Star-Spangled Banner
(2013) Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. Centennial
(2013) 5-Star Generals
(2014) National Baseball Hall of Fame
(2014) Civil Rights Act of 1964
(2015) U.S. Marshals Service 225th Anniversary
(2015) March of Dimes 75th Anniversary
(2016) Mark Twain
(2016) National Park Service 100th Anniversary
(2017) Lions Club International Century of Service
(2017) Boys Town Centennial
(2018) World War I Centennial
(2018) Breast Cancer Awareness
(2019) Apollo 11 50th Anniversary
(2019) American Legion 100th Anniversary
(2020) Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 60th Anniversary
(2020) Women’s Suffrage Centennial
GOVERNMENT COMMEMORATIVE SETS
PROOF AND MINT SETS. PROOF COINS AND SETS
How Modern Proof Coins Are Made
Proof Set Values
UNCIRCULATED MINT SETS
Uncirculated Mint Set Values
Special Mint Sets
1964 Special Strikes
Souvenir Sets
BULLION AND RELATED COINS. SILVER BULLION. AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL™ SILVER BULLION COINS
$1 AMERICAN SILVER EAGLES
American Silver Eagle Sets
GOLD BULLION. AMERICAN EAGLE GOLD BULLION COINS
$5 Tenth-Ounce Gold
$10 Quarter-Ounce Gold
$25 Half-Ounce Gold
$50 One-Ounce Gold
Gold Bullion Sets
2006 20th Anniversary Sets
Gold Bullion Burnished Sets, 2006–2008
AMERICAN BUFFALO .9999 FINE GOLD BULLION COINS
American Buffalo Gold Bullion Sets
FIRST SPOUSE $10 GOLD BULLION COINS
MMIX ULTRA HIGH RELIEF GOLD COIN
400TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MAYFLOWER GOLD COIN
75TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE END OF WORLD WAR II GOLD COIN
AMERICAN LIBERTY HIGH RELIEF GOLD COINS
PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM BULLION. AMERICAN EAGLE PLATINUM BULLION COINS
Proof Platinum Reverse Designs
$10 Tenth-Ounce Platinum
$25 Quarter-Ounce Platinum
$50 Half-Ounce Platinum
$100 One-Ounce Platinum
Platinum Bullion Sets
American Eagle 10th Anniversary Platinum Set
AMERICAN EAGLE PALLADIUM BULLION COINS (2017 TO DATE)
UNITED STATES PATTERN PIECES. U.S. PATTERNS
OTHER ISSUES. PRIVATE AND TERRITORIAL GOLD
TEMPLETON REID. Georgia Gold 1830
California Gold 1849
THE BECHTLERS RUTHERFORD COUNTY, NC, 1831–1852
Christopher Bechtler
Christopher Bechtler – Carolina
Georgia
August Bechtler
NORRIS, GREGG & NORRIS SAN FRANCISCO 1849
MOFFAT & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1849–1853
UNITED STATES ASSAY OFFICE. Augustus Humbert / United States Assayer of Gold, 1851
Lettered-Edge Varieties
Reeded-Edge Varieties
Moffat-Humbert
United States Assay Office of Gold – 1852
Moffat & Co. Gold
J.H. BOWIE
CINCINNATI MINING & TRADING CO. (1849)
MASSACHUSETTS AND CALIFORNIA COMPANY
MINERS’ BANK SAN FRANCISCO 1849
J.S. ORMSBY SACRAMENTO 1849
PACIFIC COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO 1849
F.D. KOHLER CALIFORNIA STATE ASSAYER 1850
DUBOSQ & COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 1850
BALDWIN & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1850
SCHULTZ & COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 1851
DUNBAR & COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 1851
WASS, MOLITOR & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1852–1855
KELLOGG & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1854–1855
OREGON EXCHANGE COMPANY OREGON CITY 1849. The Beaver Coins of Oregon
MORMON GOLD PIECES SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, 1849–1860
COLORADO GOLD PIECES. Clark, Gruber & Co. Denver 1860–1861
John Parsons & Company Tarryall Mines – Colorado, 1861
J.J. Conway & Co. Georgia Gulch, Colorado, 1861
CALIFORNIA SMALL-DENOMINATION GOLD
Quarter Dollar, Octagonal
Quarter Dollar, Round
Half Dollar, Octagonal
Half Dollar, Round
Dollar, Octagonal
Dollar, Round
COINS OF THE GOLDEN WEST
CALIFORNIA GOLD INGOT BARS
PRIVATE TOKENS. HARD TIMES TOKENS (1832–1844)
FEUCHTWANGER TOKENS (1837–1864)
CIVIL WAR TOKENS (1860s)
Patriotic Civil War Tokens
Civil War Store Cards
LESHER REFERENDUM DOLLARS (1900–1901)
CONFEDERATE ISSUES. CONFEDERATE CENTS
CONFEDERATE HALF DOLLARS
HAWAIIAN AND PUERTO RICAN ISSUES. HAWAIIAN ISSUES
Plantation Tokens
PUERTO RICAN ISSUES
PHILIPPINE ISSUES
PHILIPPINES UNDER U.S. SOVEREIGNTY
Bronze Coinage. Half Centavo (17.5 mm)
One Centavo (24 mm)
Copper-Nickel Coinage. Five Centavos
Silver Coinage. Ten Centavos
Twenty Centavos
Fifty Centavos
One Peso
Manila Mint Opening Medal (1920)
COMMONWEALTH ISSUES
Bronze Coinage. One Centavo (24 mm)
Copper-Nickel Coinage. Five Centavos (19 mm)
Silver Coinage. Ten Centavos (16.5 mm)
Twenty Centavos (20 mm)
Fifty Centavos (27 mm)
Commemorative Issues
ALASKA TOKENS. ALASKA RURAL REHABILITATION CORPORATION TOKENS OF 1935
Aluminum
Brass
APPENDIX A. MISSTRIKES AND ERRORS
TYPES OF ERROR COINS
Mint-Canceled Coins
Misstruck and Error Pieces
Wrong Planchets
APPENDIX B. COLLECTIBLE RED AND BLUE BOOKS. THE RED BOOK AS A COLLECTIBLE
THE BLUE BOOK AS A COLLECTIBLE
Valuation Guide for Select Past Editions of the Blue Book
APPENDIX C. BULLION VALUES
Bullion Values of Silver Coins
Bullion Values of Gold Coins
APPENDIX D. TOP 250 U.S. AUCTION PRICES. TOP 250 U.S. COIN PRICES REALIZED AT AUCTION
Key
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY. COLONIAL AND EARLY AMERICAN ISSUES
HISTORY OF THE U.S. MINT
HALF CENTS
LARGE CENTS
SMALL CENTS
TWO-CENT PIECES
NICKEL FIVE-CENT PIECES
HALF DIMES
DIMES AND TWENTY-CENT PIECES
QUARTER DOLLARS
HALF DOLLARS
SILVER DOLLARS AND RELATED DOLLARS
GOLD PIECES ($1 THROUGH $20)
COMMEMORATIVE COINS
BULLION COINS
TOKENS AND MEDALS
PATTERNS
PRIVATE AND TERRITORIAL GOLD
WORLD ISSUES RELATED TO THE UNITED STATES
PROOF COINS AND PROOF SETS
TYPE COINS
DIE VARIETIES
INDEX
Отрывок из книги
THE OFFICIAL RED BOOK®
R.S. YEOMAN
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Under the Coinage Act of 1965, the compositions of dimes, quarters, and half dollars were changed to eliminate or reduce the silver content of these coins because the value of silver had risen above their face values. The replacement “clad” dimes and quarters were composed of an outer layer of copper-nickel (75%-25%) bonded to an inner core of pure copper. Beginning in 1971 the half dollar and dollar compositions were changed to that of the dime and quarter. All silver clad coins have an outer layer of 80% silver bonded to an inner core of 21% silver, for a total content of 40% silver.
By the Law of September 26, 1890, changes in designs of United States coins cannot be made more often than once every 25 years without congressional approval. Since that date, there have been design changes in all denominations, and there have been many gold and silver bullion and commemorative issues. In 1999, programs were started to honor each of the individual states and territories, and various national parks, by using special designs on the reverse of the quarter. The one-cent, five-cent, and dollar coins have also undergone several design changes. These factors, and a growing awareness of the value and historical importance of older coins, are largely responsible for the ever-increasing interest in coin collecting in the United States.
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