A Guide Book of United States Coins 2021

A Guide Book of United States Coins 2021
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Identify your coins quickly and easily! THE OFFICIAL RED BOOK® features full-color, actual-size and enlarged photos, with historical details about each piece. The Red Book shows mintages for all federal coins, from the ultra rare to the everyday. You might have a real rarity in your pocket change! Find out how much your coins are worth: The Red Book has clear, easy-to-follow grading information for each series, and prices in up to 9 grades per coin. Colonial and early American coins · Federal coins · Commemoratives Proof and Mint sets · Die varieties and errors · Civil War tokens · Territorial gold · State and territorial quarters · National Park quarters · Presidential dollars · Puerto Rican, Philippine, and Hawaiian coins · Error coins · Bullion

Оглавление

R.S. Yeoman. A Guide Book of United States Coins 2021

A GUIDE BOOK OF. UNITED. STATES. COINS

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION. CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

Photographs in This Book

WELCOME TO NUMISMATICS. CONDITIONS OF COINS

THIRD-PARTY GRADING AND AUTHENTICATION

AN INTRODUCTION TO UNITED STATES COINS. The Spanish Milled Dollar

Money of the Early Americans

Coinage of the States

The Beginnings of United States Coinage

Regular Mint Issues

MINTS AND MINTMARKS

QUANTITIES OF COINS STRUCK, AND MINT DATA

TODAY’S RARE-COIN MARKET

CHECKING YOUR COINS FOR AUTHENTICITY

Replicas

Counterfeits

Alterations

Detection

COINS FROM TREASURES AND HOARDS: A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING RARITY AND VALUE

Elements of Rarity

Excitement of a New Design

Other Popular First-Year Coins

Coins Few People Noticed

The 1962–1964 Treasury Release

Other Famous Hoards

Sunken Treasure

PRE-FEDERAL ISSUES. COLONIAL ISSUES. FOREIGN COINS IN THE COLONIES

Spanish-American Coinage of the New World

Cob Coinage – King Philip II (1556–1598) to King Charles III (1760–1772)

Pillar Type – King Philip V (1732–1747), King Ferdinand VI (1747–1760), and King Charles III (1760–1772)

Bust Type – King Charles III (1772–1789), King Charles IV (1789–1808), and King Ferdinand VII (1808–1825)

Typical World Coinage Used in Colonial America. Netherlands Silver Coinage, 1601–1693

French Silver Coinage of King Louis XV (1715–1774) and King Louis XVI (1774–1792)

British Silver Coinage of King Charles I (1625–1649) to King George III (1760–1820)

BRITISH NEW WORLD ISSUES. Sommer Islands (Bermuda)

Massachusetts “New England” Coinage (1652)

Willow Tree Coinage (1653–1660)

Oak Tree Coinage (1660–1667)

Pine Tree Coinage (1667–1682)

Maryland. Lord Baltimore Coinage

New Jersey. St. Patrick or Mark Newby Coinage

COINAGE AUTHORIZED BY BRITISH ROYAL PATENT. American Plantations Coins

Coinage of William Wood. Rosa Americana Coins

Wood’s Hibernia Coinage

Virginia Halfpennies

EARLY AMERICAN AND RELATED TOKENS. Elephant Tokens. London Elephant Tokens

Carolina Elephant Tokens

New England Elephant Tokens

New Yorke in America Token

Gloucester Tokens

Higley or Granby Coppers

Hibernia–Voce Populi Coins

Pitt Tokens

Rhode Island Ship Medals

John Chalmers Issues

FRENCH NEW WORLD ISSUES

Coinage of 1670

Coinage of 1717–1720

Billon Coinage of 1709–1760

Coinage of 1721–1722

Copper Sou or Nine Deniers

French Colonies in General

POST-COLONIAL ISSUES. SPECULATIVE ISSUES, TOKENS, AND PATTERNS. Nova Constellatio Coppers

Immune Columbia Pieces

Confederatio and Related Tokens

COINAGE OF THE STATES AND VERMONT. Vermont

New Hampshire

Massachusetts. Massachusetts Unofficial Coppers

Massachusetts Authorized Issues

Connecticut

New York and Related Issues. Brasher Doubloons

New York Copper Coinage

British Copper Coins and Their Imitations (Including Machin’s Mills, and Other Underweight Coinage of 1786–1789)

Georgivs/Britannia “Machin’s Mills” Copper Halfpennies Made in America

Nova Eborac Coinage for New York

New Jersey

PRIVATE TOKENS AFTER CONFEDERATION. North American Tokens

Bar Coppers

Auctori Plebis Tokens

Mott Store Cards

Standish Barry Threepence

Albany Church Pennies

Kentucky Tokens

Franklin Press Tokens

Talbot, Allum & Lee Cents

Myddelton Tokens

Copper Company of Upper Canada Tokens

Castorland Medals

Theatre at New York Tokens

New Spain (Texas) Jola Tokens

North West Company Tokens

WASHINGTON PIECES

Georgivs Triumpho Tokens

Washington Portrait Pieces

Getz Patterns

Liberty and Security Tokens

North Wales Halfpennies

Success Medals

FEDERAL ISSUES. CONTRACT ISSUES AND PATTERNS. CONTINENTAL CURRENCY

NOVA CONSTELLATIO PATTERNS

FUGIO COPPERS

1787 With Pointed Rays

1787 With Club Rays

1792 PROPOSED COINAGE

1792 Silver Center Cent

1792 Birch Cent

1792 Half Disme

1792 Disme

1792 Quarter Dollar

THE LIBERTAS AMERICANA MEDAL

HALF CENTS

LIBERTY CAP, HEAD FACING LEFT (1793)

LIBERTY CAP, HEAD FACING RIGHT (1794–1797)

DRAPED BUST (1800–1808)

CLASSIC HEAD (1809–1836)

BRAIDED HAIR (1840–1857)

LARGE CENTS

FLOWING HAIR

Chain Reverse (1793)

Wreath Reverse (1793)

LIBERTY CAP (1793–1796)

DRAPED BUST (1796–1807)

CLASSIC HEAD (1808–1814)

LIBERTY HEAD (1816–1857)

Matron Head (1816–1835)

Matron Head Modified (1835–1839): The “Young Head”

Braided Hair (1839–1857)

PASSING OF THE LARGE CENT AND HALF CENT

SMALL CENTS

FLYING EAGLE (1856–1858)

INDIAN HEAD (1859–1909)

Variety 1 – Copper-Nickel, Laurel Wreath Reverse (1859)

Variety 2 – Copper-Nickel, Oak Wreath With Shield (1860–1864)

Variety 3 – Bronze (1864–1909)

LINCOLN, WHEAT EARS REVERSE (1909–1958)

Variety 1 – Bronze (1909–1942)

Variety 2 – Zinc-Coated Steel (1943)

Variety 1 (Bronze) Resumed (1944–1958)

LINCOLN, MEMORIAL REVERSE (1959–2008)

Copper Alloy (1959–1982)

Copper-Plated Zinc (1982–2008)

LINCOLN, BICENTENNIAL (2009)

LINCOLN, SHIELD REVERSE (2010 TO DATE)

TWO-CENT PIECES

THREE-CENT PIECES. SILVER THREE-CENT PIECES (TRIMES) (1851–1873)

NICKEL THREE-CENT PIECES (1865–1889)

NICKEL FIVE-CENT PIECES. SHIELD (1866–1883)

LIBERTY HEAD (1883–1913)

INDIAN HEAD OR BUFFALO (1913–1938)

Variety 1 – FIVE CENTS on Raised Ground (1913)

Variety 2 – FIVE CENTS in Recess (1913–1938)

JEFFERSON (1938–2003)

Wartime Silver Alloy (1942–1945)

Prewar Composition, Mintmark Style Resumed (1946–1965)

1966–2003

WESTWARD JOURNEY (2004–2005)

MODIFIED (2006 TO DATE)

HALF DIMES

FLOWING HAIR (1794–1795)

DRAPED BUST (1796–1805)

Small Eagle Reverse (1796–1797)

Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1800–1805)

CAPPED BUST (1829–1837)

LIBERTY SEATED (1837–1873)

Variety 1 – No Stars on Obverse (1837–1838)

Variety 2 – Stars on Obverse (1838–1853)

Variety 3 – Arrows at Date (1853–1855)

Variety 2 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 3 (1856–1859)

Transitional Patterns

Variety 4 – Legend on Obverse (1860–1873)

DIMES

DRAPED BUST (1796–1807) Small Eagle Reverse (1796–1797)

Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798–1807)

CAPPED BUST (1809–1837)

Variety 1 – Wide Border (1809–1828)

Variety 2 – Modified Design (1828–1837)

LIBERTY SEATED (1837–1891)

Variety 1 – No Stars on Obverse (1837–1838)

Variety 2 – Stars on Obverse (1838–1853)

Variety 3 – Arrows at Date (1853–1855)

Variety 2 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 3 (1856–1860)

Variety 4 – Legend on Obverse (1860–1873)

Variety 5 – Arrows at Date (1873–1874)

Variety 4 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 5 (1875–1891)

BARBER OR LIBERTY HEAD (1892–1916)

WINGED LIBERTY HEAD OR “MERCURY” (1916–1945)

ROOSEVELT (1946 TO DATE)

Silver Coinage (1946–1964)

Clad Coinage and Silver Proofs (1965 to Date)

TWENTY-CENT PIECES. LIBERTY SEATED (1875–1878)

QUARTER DOLLARS

DRAPED BUST (1796–1807)

Small Eagle Reverse (1796)

Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1804–1807)

CAPPED BUST (1815–1838) Variety 1 – Large Diameter (1815–1828)

Variety 2 – Reduced Diameter (1831–1838), Motto Removed

LIBERTY SEATED (1838–1891)

Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1838–1853)

Variety 2 – Arrows at Date, Rays Around Eagle (1853)

Variety 3 – Arrows at Date, No Rays (1854–1855)

Variety 1 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 2 (1856–1865)

Variety 4 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1873)

Variety 5 – Arrows at Date (1873–1874)

Variety 4 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 5 (1875–1891)

BARBER OR LIBERTY HEAD (1892–1916)

STANDING LIBERTY (1916–1930)

Variety 1 – No Stars Below Eagle (1916–1917)

Variety 2 – Stars Below Eagle (1917–1930) Pedestal Date (1917–1924)

Recessed Date (1925–1930)

WASHINGTON (1932 TO DATE)

Silver Coinage (1932–1964)

Clad Coinage and Silver Proofs (1965–1998)

Bicentennial (1776–1976)

Eagle Reverse Resumed (1977–1998) (Dies Slightly Modified to Lower Relief)

State Quarters (1999–2008)

District of Columbia and U.S. Territories Quarters (2009)

America the Beautiful™ Quarters Program (2010–2021)

HALF DOLLARS

FLOWING HAIR (1794–1795)

DRAPED BUST (1796–1807)

Small Eagle Reverse (1796–1797)

Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1801–1807)

CAPPED BUST, LETTERED EDGE (1807–1836)

First Style (1807–1808)

Remodeled Portrait and Eagle (1809–1836)

Slightly Modified Portrait (1834–1836)

CAPPED BUST, REEDED EDGE (1836–1839)

Reverse 50 CENTS (1836–1837)

Reverse HALF DOL. (1838–1839)

LIBERTY SEATED (1839–1891)

Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1839–1853)

Modified Reverse With Large Letters in Legend (1842–1853)

Variety 2 – Arrows at Date, Rays Around Eagle (1853)

Variety 3 – Arrows at Date, No Rays (1854–1855)

Variety 1 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 2 (1856–1866)

Variety 4 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1873)

Variety 5 – Arrows at Date (1873–1874)

Variety 4 Resumed, With Weight Standard of Variety 5 (1875–1891)

BARBER OR LIBERTY HEAD (1892–1915)

LIBERTY WALKING (1916–1947)

FRANKLIN (1948–1963)

KENNEDY (1964 TO DATE)

Silver Coinage (1964)

Silver Clad Coinage (1965–1970)

Clad Coinage and Silver Proofs (1971 to Date)

Bicentennial (1776–1976)

Eagle Reverse Resumed (1977 to Date)

SILVER AND RELATED DOLLARS

ORIGIN OF THE DOLLAR

FLOWING HAIR (1794–1795)

DRAPED BUST (1795–1804) Small Eagle Reverse (1795–1798)

Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798–1804)

1804 DOLLAR

GOBRECHT DOLLARS (1836–1839)

Circulation Issues and Patterns

Restrikes

LIBERTY SEATED (1840–1873)

No Motto (1840–1865)

With Motto IN GOD WE TRUST (1866–1873)

TRADE DOLLARS (1873–1885)

MORGAN (1878–1921)

PEACE (1921–1935)

EISENHOWER (1971–1978) Eagle Reverse (1971–1974)

Bicentennial (1776–1976)

Eagle Reverse Resumed (1977–1978)

SUSAN B. ANTHONY (1979–1999)

SACAGAWEA (2000–2008)

PRESIDENTIAL (2007–2016, 2020)

NATIVE AMERICAN (2009 TO DATE)

AMERICAN INNOVATION (2018 TO DATE)

GOLD DOLLARS

LIBERTY HEAD (1849–1854)

INDIAN PRINCESS HEAD, SMALL HEAD (1854–1856)

INDIAN PRINCESS HEAD, LARGE HEAD (1856–1889)

QUARTER EAGLES ($2.50)

CAPPED BUST TO RIGHT (1796–1807)

DRAPED BUST TO LEFT, LARGE SIZE (1808)

CAPPED HEAD TO LEFT (1821–1834) Large Diameter (1821–1827)

Reduced Diameter (1829–1834)

CLASSIC HEAD, NO MOTTO ON REVERSE (1834–1839)

LIBERTY HEAD (1840–1907)

CAL. Gold Quarter Eagle (1848)

INDIAN HEAD (1908–1929)

THREE–DOLLAR GOLD PIECES. INDIAN PRINCESS HEAD (1854–1889)

FOUR–DOLLAR GOLD OR “STELLA” STELLA (1879–1880)

HALF EAGLES ($5)

CAPPED BUST TO RIGHT (1795–1807)

Small Eagle Reverse (1795–1798)

Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1795–1807)

DRAPED BUST TO LEFT (1807–1812)

CAPPED HEAD TO LEFT (1813–1834) Bold Relief (1813–1815), Large Diameter (1813–1829)

Reduced Diameter (1829–1834)

CLASSIC HEAD, NO MOTTO (1834–1838)

LIBERTY HEAD (1839–1908) Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1839–1866)

Variety 2 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1908)

INDIAN HEAD (1908–1929)

EAGLES ($10)

CAPPED BUST TO RIGHT (1795–1804) Small Eagle Reverse (1795–1797)

Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1797–1804)

LIBERTY HEAD (1838–1907) Variety 1 – No Motto Above Eagle (1838–1866)

Variety 2 – Motto Above Eagle (1866–1907)

INDIAN HEAD (1907–1933)

Variety 1 – No Motto on Reverse (1907–1908)

Variety 2 – Motto on Reverse (1908–1933)

DOUBLE EAGLES ($20)

LIBERTY HEAD (1849–1907)

Without Motto on Reverse (1849–1866)

Motto Above Eagle. Value TWENTY D. (1866–1876)

Value TWENTY DOLLARS (1877–1907)

SAINT-GAUDENS (1907–1933)

Ultra High Relief Pattern, MCMVII (1907)

Without Motto IN GOD WE TRUST (1907–1908) High Relief, MCMVII (1907)

Arabic Numerals, No Motto (1907–1908)

With Motto IN GOD WE TRUST (1908–1933)

COMMEMORATIVES

Price Performance

CLASSIC COMMEMORATIVE SILVER AND GOLD (1892–1893) World’s Columbian Exposition Half Dollar

(1893) World’s Columbian Exposition, Isabella Quarter

(1900) Lafayette Dollar

(1903) Louisiana Purchase Exposition

(1904–1905) Lewis and Clark Exposition

(1915) Panama-Pacific International Exposition

(1916–1917) McKinley Memorial

(1918) Illinois Centennial

(1920) Maine Centennial

(1920–1921) Pilgrim Tercentenary

(1921) Missouri Centennial

(1921) Alabama Centennial

(1922) Grant Memorial

(1923) Monroe Doctrine Centennial

(1924) Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary

(1925) Lexington-Concord Sesquicentennial

(1925) Stone Mountain Memorial

(1925) California Diamond Jubilee

(1925) Fort Vancouver Centennial

(1926) Sesquicentennial of American Independence

(1926–1939) Oregon Trail Memorial

(1927) Vermont Sesquicentennial

(1928) Hawaiian Sesquicentennial

(1934) Maryland Tercentenary

(1934–1938) Texas Independence Centennial

(1934–1938) Daniel Boone Bicentennial

(1935) Connecticut Tercentenary

(1935–1939) Arkansas Centennial

(1936) Arkansas Centennial – Robinson

(1935) Hudson, New York, Sesquicentennial

(1935–1936) California Pacific International Exposition

(1935) Old Spanish Trail

(1936) Providence, Rhode Island, Tercentenary

(1936) Cleveland Centennial / Great Lakes Exposition

(1936) Wisconsin Territorial Centennial

(1936) Cincinnati Music Center

(1936) Long Island Tercentenary

(1936) York County, Maine, Tercentenary

(1936) Bridgeport, Connecticut, Centennial

(1936) Lynchburg, Virginia, Sesquicentennial

(1936) Elgin, Illinois, Centennial

(1936) Albany, New York, Charter

(1936) San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge Opening

(1936) Columbia, South Carolina, Sesquicentennial

(1936) Delaware Tercentenary

(1936) Battle of Gettysburg Anniversary

(1936) Norfolk, Virginia, Bicentennial

(1937) Roanoke Island, North Carolina, 350th Anniversary

(1937) Battle of Antietam Anniversary

(1938) New Rochelle, New York, 250th Anniversary

(1946) Iowa Centennial

(1946–1951) Booker T. Washington Memorial

(1951–1954) Carver/Washington Commemorative

MODERN COMMEMORATIVES (1982) George Washington 250th Anniversary of Birth

(1983–1984) Los Angeles Olympiad

(1986) Statue of Liberty Centennial

(1987) U.S. Constitution Bicentennial

(1988) Seoul Olympiad

(1989) Congress Bicentennial

(1990) Eisenhower Centennial

(1991) Mount Rushmore Golden Anniversary

(1991) Korean War Memorial

(1991) United Service Organizations

(1992) XXV Olympiad

(1992) White House 200th Anniversary

(1992) Christopher Columbus Quincentenary

(1993) Bill of Rights

(1991–1995) 50th Anniversary of World War II

(1994) World Cup Tournament

(1993 [1994]) Thomas Jefferson

(1994) Vietnam Veterans Memorial

(1994) U.S. Prisoner of War Museum

(1994) Women in Military Service Memorial

(1994) U.S. Capitol Bicentennial

(1995) Civil War Battlefield Preservation

(1995) XXVI Olympiad

(1995) Special Olympics World Games

(1996) National Community Service

(1996) Smithsonian Institution 150th Anniversary

(1997) U.S. Botanic Garden

(1997) Jackie Robinson

(1997) Franklin D. Roosevelt

(1997) National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial

(1998) Robert F. Kennedy

(1998) Black Revolutionary War Patriots

(1999) Dolley Madison

(1999) George Washington Death Bicentennial

(1999) Yellowstone National Park

(2000) Library of Congress Bicentennial

(2000) Leif Ericson Millennium

(2001) American Buffalo

(2001) U.S. Capitol Visitor Center

(2002) Salt Lake City Olympic Games

(2002) West Point Bicentennial

(2003) First Flight Centennial

(2004) Thomas Alva Edison

(2004) Lewis and Clark Bicentennial

(2005) Chief Justice John Marshall

(2005) Marine Corps 230th Anniversary

(2006) Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary

(2006) San Francisco Old Mint Centennial

(2007) Jamestown 400th Anniversary

(2007) Little Rock Central High School Desegregation

(2008) Bald Eagle Recovery and National Emblem

(2009) Louis Braille Bicentennial

(2009) Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial

(2010) American Veterans Disabled for Life

(2010) Boy Scouts of America Centennial

(2011) Medal of Honor

(2011) U.S. Army

(2012) Infantry Soldier

(2012) Star-Spangled Banner

(2013) Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. Centennial

(2013) 5-Star Generals

(2014) National Baseball Hall of Fame

(2014) Civil Rights Act of 1964

(2015) U.S. Marshals Service 225th Anniversary

(2015) March of Dimes 75th Anniversary

(2016) Mark Twain

(2016) National Park Service 100th Anniversary

(2017) Lions Club International Century of Service

(2017) Boys Town Centennial

(2018) World War I Centennial

(2018) Breast Cancer Awareness

(2019) Apollo 11 50th Anniversary

(2019) American Legion 100th Anniversary

(2020) Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 60th Anniversary

(2020) Women’s Suffrage Centennial

GOVERNMENT COMMEMORATIVE SETS

PROOF AND MINT SETS. PROOF COINS AND SETS

How Modern Proof Coins Are Made

Proof Set Values

UNCIRCULATED MINT SETS

Uncirculated Mint Set Values

Special Mint Sets

1964 Special Strikes

Souvenir Sets

BULLION AND RELATED COINS. SILVER BULLION. AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL™ SILVER BULLION COINS

$1 AMERICAN SILVER EAGLES

American Silver Eagle Sets

GOLD BULLION. AMERICAN EAGLE GOLD BULLION COINS

$5 Tenth-Ounce Gold

$10 Quarter-Ounce Gold

$25 Half-Ounce Gold

$50 One-Ounce Gold

Gold Bullion Sets

2006 20th Anniversary Sets

Gold Bullion Burnished Sets, 2006–2008

AMERICAN BUFFALO .9999 FINE GOLD BULLION COINS

American Buffalo Gold Bullion Sets

FIRST SPOUSE $10 GOLD BULLION COINS

MMIX ULTRA HIGH RELIEF GOLD COIN

400TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MAYFLOWER GOLD COIN

75TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE END OF WORLD WAR II GOLD COIN

AMERICAN LIBERTY HIGH RELIEF GOLD COINS

PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM BULLION. AMERICAN EAGLE PLATINUM BULLION COINS

Proof Platinum Reverse Designs

$10 Tenth-Ounce Platinum

$25 Quarter-Ounce Platinum

$50 Half-Ounce Platinum

$100 One-Ounce Platinum

Platinum Bullion Sets

American Eagle 10th Anniversary Platinum Set

AMERICAN EAGLE PALLADIUM BULLION COINS (2017 TO DATE)

UNITED STATES PATTERN PIECES. U.S. PATTERNS

OTHER ISSUES. PRIVATE AND TERRITORIAL GOLD

TEMPLETON REID. Georgia Gold 1830

California Gold 1849

THE BECHTLERS RUTHERFORD COUNTY, NC, 1831–1852

Christopher Bechtler

Christopher Bechtler – Carolina

Georgia

August Bechtler

NORRIS, GREGG & NORRIS SAN FRANCISCO 1849

MOFFAT & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1849–1853

UNITED STATES ASSAY OFFICE. Augustus Humbert / United States Assayer of Gold, 1851

Lettered-Edge Varieties

Reeded-Edge Varieties

Moffat-Humbert

United States Assay Office of Gold – 1852

Moffat & Co. Gold

J.H. BOWIE

CINCINNATI MINING & TRADING CO. (1849)

MASSACHUSETTS AND CALIFORNIA COMPANY

MINERS’ BANK SAN FRANCISCO 1849

J.S. ORMSBY SACRAMENTO 1849

PACIFIC COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO 1849

F.D. KOHLER CALIFORNIA STATE ASSAYER 1850

DUBOSQ & COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 1850

BALDWIN & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1850

SCHULTZ & COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 1851

DUNBAR & COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO 1851

WASS, MOLITOR & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1852–1855

KELLOGG & CO. SAN FRANCISCO 1854–1855

OREGON EXCHANGE COMPANY OREGON CITY 1849. The Beaver Coins of Oregon

MORMON GOLD PIECES SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, 1849–1860

COLORADO GOLD PIECES. Clark, Gruber & Co. Denver 1860–1861

John Parsons & Company Tarryall Mines – Colorado, 1861

J.J. Conway & Co. Georgia Gulch, Colorado, 1861

CALIFORNIA SMALL-DENOMINATION GOLD

Quarter Dollar, Octagonal

Quarter Dollar, Round

Half Dollar, Octagonal

Half Dollar, Round

Dollar, Octagonal

Dollar, Round

COINS OF THE GOLDEN WEST

CALIFORNIA GOLD INGOT BARS

PRIVATE TOKENS. HARD TIMES TOKENS (1832–1844)

FEUCHTWANGER TOKENS (1837–1864)

CIVIL WAR TOKENS (1860s)

Patriotic Civil War Tokens

Civil War Store Cards

LESHER REFERENDUM DOLLARS (1900–1901)

CONFEDERATE ISSUES. CONFEDERATE CENTS

CONFEDERATE HALF DOLLARS

HAWAIIAN AND PUERTO RICAN ISSUES. HAWAIIAN ISSUES

Plantation Tokens

PUERTO RICAN ISSUES

PHILIPPINE ISSUES

PHILIPPINES UNDER U.S. SOVEREIGNTY

Bronze Coinage. Half Centavo (17.5 mm)

One Centavo (24 mm)

Copper-Nickel Coinage. Five Centavos

Silver Coinage. Ten Centavos

Twenty Centavos

Fifty Centavos

One Peso

Manila Mint Opening Medal (1920)

COMMONWEALTH ISSUES

Bronze Coinage. One Centavo (24 mm)

Copper-Nickel Coinage. Five Centavos (19 mm)

Silver Coinage. Ten Centavos (16.5 mm)

Twenty Centavos (20 mm)

Fifty Centavos (27 mm)

Commemorative Issues

ALASKA TOKENS. ALASKA RURAL REHABILITATION CORPORATION TOKENS OF 1935

Aluminum

Brass

APPENDIX A. MISSTRIKES AND ERRORS

TYPES OF ERROR COINS

Mint-Canceled Coins

Misstruck and Error Pieces

Wrong Planchets

APPENDIX B. COLLECTIBLE RED AND BLUE BOOKS. THE RED BOOK AS A COLLECTIBLE

THE BLUE BOOK AS A COLLECTIBLE

Valuation Guide for Select Past Editions of the Blue Book

APPENDIX C. BULLION VALUES

Bullion Values of Silver Coins

Bullion Values of Gold Coins

APPENDIX D. TOP 250 U.S. AUCTION PRICES. TOP 250 U.S. COIN PRICES REALIZED AT AUCTION

Key

GLOSSARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY. COLONIAL AND EARLY AMERICAN ISSUES

HISTORY OF THE U.S. MINT

HALF CENTS

LARGE CENTS

SMALL CENTS

TWO-CENT PIECES

NICKEL FIVE-CENT PIECES

HALF DIMES

DIMES AND TWENTY-CENT PIECES

QUARTER DOLLARS

HALF DOLLARS

SILVER DOLLARS AND RELATED DOLLARS

GOLD PIECES ($1 THROUGH $20)

COMMEMORATIVE COINS

BULLION COINS

TOKENS AND MEDALS

PATTERNS

PRIVATE AND TERRITORIAL GOLD

WORLD ISSUES RELATED TO THE UNITED STATES

PROOF COINS AND PROOF SETS

TYPE COINS

DIE VARIETIES

INDEX

Отрывок из книги

THE OFFICIAL RED BOOK®

R.S. YEOMAN

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Under the Coinage Act of 1965, the compositions of dimes, quarters, and half dollars were changed to eliminate or reduce the silver content of these coins because the value of silver had risen above their face values. The replacement “clad” dimes and quarters were composed of an outer layer of copper-nickel (75%-25%) bonded to an inner core of pure copper. Beginning in 1971 the half dollar and dollar compositions were changed to that of the dime and quarter. All silver clad coins have an outer layer of 80% silver bonded to an inner core of 21% silver, for a total content of 40% silver.

By the Law of September 26, 1890, changes in designs of United States coins cannot be made more often than once every 25 years without congressional approval. Since that date, there have been design changes in all denominations, and there have been many gold and silver bullion and commemorative issues. In 1999, programs were started to honor each of the individual states and territories, and various national parks, by using special designs on the reverse of the quarter. The one-cent, five-cent, and dollar coins have also undergone several design changes. These factors, and a growing awareness of the value and historical importance of older coins, are largely responsible for the ever-increasing interest in coin collecting in the United States.

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