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Rui Li. Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Soft‐Switching Technology for Three‐phase Power Electronics Converters
Preface
Nomenclature. Subscripts
Superscripts
Variables
1 Introduction
1.1 Requirement of Three‐phase Power Conversions
1.1.1 Three‐phase Converters
1.1.2 Switching Frequency vs. Conversion Efficiency and Power Density
1.1.3 Switching Frequency and Impact of Soft‐switching Technology
1.2 Concept of Soft‐switching Technique
1.2.1 Soft‐switching Types
1.2.2 Soft‐switching Technique for Three‐phase Converters
1.3 Applications of Soft‐switching to Three‐phase Converters. 1.3.1 Renewable Energy and Power Generation
1.3.2 Energy Storage Systems
1.3.3 Distributed FACTS Devices
1.3.4 Uninterruptible Power Supply
1.3.5 Motor Drives
1.3.6 Fast EV Chargers
1.3.7 Power Supply
1.4 The Topics of This Book
References
2 Basics of Soft‐switching Three‐phase Converters
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Switching Characteristics of Three‐phase Converters
2.2.1 Control of Three‐phase Converters
2.2.2 Switching Transient Process and Switching Loss
2.2.3 Diode Turn‐off and Reverse Recovery
2.2.4 Stray Inductance on Switching Process
2.2.5 Snubber
2.3 Classification of Soft‐switching Three‐phase Converters
2.4 DC‐side Resonance Converters
2.4.1 Resonant DC‐link Converters
2.4.2 Active‐clamped Resonant DC‐link (ACRDCL) Converter
2.4.3 ZVS‐SVM Active‐clamping Three‐phase Converter. 2.4.3.1 Active‐clamping DC–DC Converter
2.4.3.2 Active‐clamping Three‐phase Converter
2.5 AC‐side Resonance Converters
2.5.1 Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Converter
2.5.2 Coupled‐inductor Zero Voltage‐transition (ZVT) Inverter
2.5.3 Zero‐current Transition (ZCT) Inverter
2.6 Soft‐switching Inverter with TCM Control
2.7 Summary
References
3 Soft‐switching PWM Control for Active Clamped Three‐phase Converters
3.1 Introduction
3.2 PWM of Three‐phase Converters
3.3 Edge‐aligned PWM
3.4 ZVS Active‐clamping Converter with Edge‐aligned PWM
3.4.1 Stage Analysis
3.4.2 ZVS Conditions
3.4.2.1 The First Resonant Stage
3.4.2.2 The Second Resonant Stage
3.4.2.3 Steady Conditions
3.4.3 Impact of PWM Scheme and Load on ZVS Condition
3.5 Control Diagram of the Converter with EA‐PWM
3.6 ZVS‐SVM
3.6.1 Vector Sequence
3.6.2 ZVS‐SVM Scheme
3.6.3 Characteristics of the Converter with ZVS‐SVM
3.7 Summary
References
4 Three‐phase Rectifier with Compound Active‐clamping Circuit
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operation Principle of CAC Rectifier
4.2.1 Space Vector of Three‐phase Grid Voltage
4.2.2 Space Vector Modulation of Three‐phase Converter
4.2.3 Switching Scheme of CAC Rectifier
4.3 Circuit Analysis
4.3.1 Operation Stage Analysis
4.3.2 Resonant Stages Analysis
4.3.3 Steady State Analysis
4.3.4 Soft‐switching Condition
4.3.5 Control Technique of Compound Active‐clamping Three‐phase Rectifier
4.4 Prototype Design
4.4.1 Specifications of a 40 kW Rectifier
4.4.2 Parameter Design
4.4.3 Experiment Platform and Testing Results
4.5 Summary
References
5 Three‐phase Rectifier with Minimum Voltage Active‐clamping Circuit
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Operation Principle of MVAC Rectifier. 5.2.1 Space Vector Modulation of Three‐phase Converter
5.2.2 Switching Scheme of MVAC Rectifier
5.3 Circuit Analysis of MVAC Rectifier. 5.3.1 Operation Stage Analysis
5.3.2 Resonant Stages Analysis
5.3.3 Steady State Analysis
5.3.4 Soft‐switching Condition
5.3.5 Control Technique of Minimum Voltage Active‐clamping Three‐phase Rectifier
5.4 Prototype Design
5.4.1 Specifications of a 30 kW Rectifier
5.4.2 Parameter Design
5.4.3 Experiment Platform and Testing Results
5.5 Summary
References
6 Three‐phase Grid Inverter with Minimum Voltage Active‐clamping Circuit
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operation Principle of MVAC Inverter. 6.2.1 Space Vector of Three‐phase Grid Voltage
6.2.2 Space Vector Modulation of Three‐phase Inverter
6.2.3 Switching Scheme of MVAC Inverter Under Unit Power Factor
6.2.4 Generalized Space Vector Modulation Method of MVAC Inverter with Arbitrary Output
6.3 Circuit Analysis
6.3.1 Operation Stage Analysis
6.3.2 Resonant Stages Analysis
6.3.3 Steady‐state Analysis
6.3.4 Soft‐switching Condition
6.3.5 Control Technique of MVAC Inverter
6.4 Design Prototype
6.4.1 Specifications of a 30‐kW Inverter
6.4.2 Parameter Design
6.4.3 Experiment Results
6.5 Summary
References
7 Three‐phase Inverter with Compound Active‐clamping Circuit
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Scheme of ZVS‐SVM. 7.2.1 Switch Commutations in Main Bridges of Three‐phase Inverter
7.2.2 Derivation of ZVS‐SVM
7.3 Circuit Analysis
7.3.1 Operation Stage Analysis
7.3.2 Resonant Stages Analysis
7.3.3 Steady‐state Analysis
7.3.4 Soft‐switching Condition
7.3.5 Resonant Time Comparison
7.4 Implementation of ZVS‐SVM. 7.4.1 Regulation of Short Circuit Stage
7.4.2 Implementation in Digital Controller
7.4.3 Control Block Diagram with ZVS‐SVM
7.5 Prototype Design. 7.5.1 Specifications of a 30‐kW Inverter
7.5.2 Parameter Design
7.5.2.1 Requirement of Diode Reverse Recovery Suppression
7.5.2.2 Requirement of Voltage Stress
7.5.2.3 Requirement of reducing turn‐off loss in auxiliary switch
7.5.2.4 Requirement of Minimum Resonant Capacitance
7.5.2.5 Requirement of Resonant Time
7.5.3 Experiment Platform and Testing Results
7.6 Summary
References
8 Loss Analysis and Optimization of a Zero‐voltage‐switching Inverter
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Basic Operation Principle of the CAC ZVS Inverter
8.2.1 Operation Stage Analysis
8.2.2 ZVS Condition Derivation
8.3 Loss and Dimension Models
8.3.1 Loss Model of IGBT Devices. 8.3.1.1 Conduction Loss of IGBT Devices
8.3.1.2 Switching Loss of the IGBT Devices
8.3.2 Loss and Dimension Models of Resonant Inductor
8.3.3 Loss and Dimension Models of the Filter Inductor
8.3.4 Dimension Model of Other Components. 8.3.4.1 Clamping Capacitor
8.3.4.2 Heat Sink
8.4 Parameters Optimization and Design Methodology
8.4.1 Objective Function
8.4.2 Constrained Conditions
8.4.3 Optimization Design
8.5 Prototype and Experimental Results
8.6 Summary
References
9 Design of the Resonant Inductor
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamental of Inductor
9.3 Design Methodology
9.3.1 Cross‐section Area of the Core Ac
9.3.2 Window Area Ae
9.3.3 Area‐product Ap
9.3.4 Turns of Winding N
9.3.5 Length of the Air Gap lg
9.3.6 Winding Loss Pdc
9.3.7 Core Loss Pcore
9.3.8 Design Procedure
9.4 Design Example
9.4.1 Barrel Winding Discussion
9.4.1.1 Winding Position Discussion
9.4.1.2 Winding Thickness Discussion
9.4.2 Flat Winding Discussion
9.4.2.1 Different Structures Comparison
9.4.2.2 Winding Position Discussion
9.5 Design Verification
9.5.1 Simulation Verification
9.5.2 Experimental Verification
9.6 Summary
References
10 Soft‐switching SiC Three‐phase Grid Inverter
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Soft‐switching Three‐phase Inverter. 10.2.1 SVM Scheme in Hard‐switching Inverter
10.2.2 ZVS‐SVM Scheme in Soft‐switching Inverter
10.2.3 Operation Stages and ZVS Condition of Soft‐switching Inverter. 10.2.3.1 Operation Stages Analysis
10.2.3.2 ZVS Condition Derivation. 10.2.3.2.1 Resonant Stages Analysis
10.2.3.2.2 Steady State Analysis
10.2.3.2.3 Soft‐Switching Condition
10.3 Efficiency Comparison of Hard‐switching SiC Inverter and Soft‐switching SiC Inverter
10.3.1 Parameters Design of Soft‐switching SiC Inverter
10.3.1.1 AC Filter Inductor
10.3.1.2 Resonant Parameters
10.3.1.2.1 Requirement of Voltage Stress
10.3.1.2.2 Requirement of the Current Stress in Main Switches and Auxiliary Switch
10.3.1.2.3 Requirement of Resonant Time
10.3.1.2.4 Requirement of Minimum Resonant Capacitance
10.3.1.3 DC Filter Capacitor
10.3.1.4 Clamping Capacitor
10.3.1.5 Cores Selection
10.3.1.6 Switching Loss Measurement
10.3.2 Comparison of Two SiC Inverters
10.3.2.1 Loss Distributions
10.3.2.2 Efficiency Stiffness
10.3.2.3 Passive Components Volumes
10.3.3 Experimental Verification
10.3.3.1 Efficiency Test
10.3.3.2 Passive Components Volumes Comparison
10.4 Design of Low Stray Inductance Layout in Soft‐switching SiC Inverter. 10.4.1 Oscillation Model
10.4.2 Design of Low Stray Inductance 7‐in‐1 SiC Power Module
10.4.3 7‐in‐1 SiC Power Module Prototype and Testing Results. 10.4.3.1 Stray Inductance Measurement
10.4.3.2 Voltage Stress Comparison
10.5 Design of Low Loss Resonant Inductor in Soft‐switching SiC Inverter
10.5.1 Impact of Distributed Air Gap
10.5.2 Optimal Flux Density Investigation
10.5.3 Optimal Winding Foil Thickness Investigation
10.5.4 Resonant Inductor Prototypes and Loss Measurement
10.6 Summary
References
11 Soft‐switching SiC Single‐phase Grid Inverter with Active Power Decoupling
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Modulation Methods for Single‐phase Inverter
11.1.2 APD in Single‐phase Grid Inverter
11.2 Operation Principle
11.2.1 Topology and Switching Scheme
11.2.2 Stage Analysis
11.3 Circuit Analysis
11.3.1 Resonant Stages Analysis
11.3.2 Steady‐state Analysis
11.3.3 Soft‐switching Condition
11.3.4 Short Circuit Current
11.4 Design Prototype. 11.4.1 Rated Parameters of a 1.5‐kW Inverter
11.4.2 Parameter Design
11.4.3 Experimental Platform and Testing Results
11.5 Summary
References
12 Soft‐switching SiC Three‐phase Four‐wire Back‐to‐back Converter
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Operation Principle
12.2.1 Commutations Analysis
12.2.2 Operation Scheme
12.2.3 Stage Analysis
12.3 Circuit Analysis
12.3.1 Resonant Stage Analysis
12.3.2 Steady State Analysis
12.3.3 ZVS Condition
12.4 Design Prototype
12.4.1 Parameters Design
12.4.2 Loss Analysis
12.4.3 Experimental Results
12.5 Summary
References
Appendix
A.1 Basic of SVM
A.2 Switching Patterns of SVM 12
A.3 Switching Patterns of ZVS‐SVM
A.4 Inverter Loss Models
A.4.1 Loss Model of Hard‐switching Three‐phase Grid Inverter
A.4.1.1 Conducting Loss
A.4.1.2 Switching Loss
A.4.1.3 AC Filter Inductor Loss and Volume Estimations
A.4.2 Loss Model of Soft‐switching Three‐phase Grid Inverter
A.4.2.1 Loss in Main Switches
A.4.2.2 Loss in Auxiliary Switch
A.4.2.3 Loss and Volume of Filter Inductor and Resonant Inductor
A.5 AC Filter Inductance Calculation
A.6 DC Filter Capacitance Calculation
Index. a
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e
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Books in the IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems
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