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BERTRAND RUSSELL MYSTICISM AND LOGIC AND OTHER ESSAYS

LONDON

GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD RUSKIN HOUSE MUSEUM STREET

MYSTICISM AND LOGIC AND OTHER ESSAYS

BY BERTRAND RUSSELL

The ABC of Relativity

The Analysis of Matter

Human Society in Ethics and Politics The Impact of Science on Society New Hopes for a Changing World Authority and the Individual

Human Knowledge

History of Western Philosophy The Principles of Mathematics Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy The Analysis of Mind

Our Knowledge of the External World

An Outline of Philosophy

The Philosophy of Leibniz

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An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth

Logic and Knowledge

The Problems of Philosophy

Principia Mathematica

Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare

Why I am Not a Christian

Portraits from Memory

My Philosophical Development

Unpopular Essays

Power

In Praise of Idleness

The Conquest of Happiness

Sceptical Essays

The Scientific Outlook

Marriage and Morals

Education and the Social Order

On Education

Freedom and Organization Principles of Social Reconstruction Roads to Freedom

Practice and Theory of Bolshevism

Satan in The Suburbs

Nightmares of Eminent Persons

First published as "Philosophical Essays"October 1910

Second Edition as "Mysticism and Logic" December 1917

Third Impression April 1918

Fourth Impression February 1919

Fifth Impression October 1921

Sixth Impression August 1925

Seventh Impression January 1932

Eighth Impression 1949

Ninth Impression 1950

Tenth Impression 1951

Eleventh Impression 1959

This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no portion may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Enquiry should be made to the publisher.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN by Taylor Garnett Evans & Co. Ltd., Watford, Herts.

[v] PREFACE

The following essays have been written and published at various times, and my thanks are due to the previous publishers for the

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permission to reprint them.

The essay on "Mysticism and Logic" appeared in the Hibbert Journal for July, 1914. "The Place of Science in a Liberal Education" appeared in two numbers of The New Statesman, May 24 and 31, 1913. "The Free Man's Worship" and "The Study of Mathematics" were included in a former collection (now out of print), Philosophical Essays, also published by Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. Both were written in 1902; the first appeared originally in the Independent Review for 1903, the second in the New Quarterly, November, 1907. In theoretical Ethics, the position advocated in "The Free Man's Worship" is not quite identical with that which I

hold now: I feel less convinced than I did then of the objectivity of good and evil. But the general attitude towards life which is suggested in that essay still seems to me, in the main, the one which must be adopted in times of stress and difficulty by those who have no dogmatic religious beliefs, if inward defeat is to be avoided.

The essay on "Mathematics and the Metaphysicians" was written in 1901, and appeared in an American magazine, The International Monthly, under the title "Recent Work in the Philosophy of Mathematics." Some points [vi]in this essay require modification in view of later work. These are indicated in footnotes. Its tone is partly explained by the fact that the editor begged me to make the article "as romantic as possible."

All the above essays are entirely popular, but those that follow are somewhat more technical. "On Scientific Method in Philosophy" was the Herbert Spencer lecture at Oxford in 1914, and was published by the Clarendon Press, which has kindly allowed me to include it in this collection. "The Ultimate Constituents of Matter" was an address to the Manchester Philosophical Society, early

in 1915, and was published in the Monist in July of that year. The essay on "The Relation of Sense-data to Physics" was written in

January, 1914, and first appeared in No. 4 of that year's volume of Scientia, an International Review of Scientific Synthesis, edited

by M. Eugenio Rignano, published monthly by Messrs. Williams and Norgate, London, Nicola Zanichelli, Bologna, and Felix Alcan, Paris. The essay "On the Notion of Cause" was the presidential address to the Aristotelian Society in November, 1912, and was published in their Proceedings for 1912-13. "Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description" was also a paper read before the Aristotelian Society, and published in their Proceedings for 1910-11.

London, September, 1917

[vii] CONTENTS

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