Data Structure and Algorithms Using C++

Data Structure and Algorithms Using C++
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Описание книги

Everyone knows that programming plays a vital role as a solution to automate and execute a task in a proper manner. Irrespective of mathematical problems, the skills of programming are necessary to solve any type of problems that may be correlated to solve real life problems efficiently and effectively. This book is intended to flow from the basic concepts of C++ to technicalities of the programming language, its approach and debugging. The chapters of the book flow with the formulation of the problem, it’s designing, finding the step-by-step solution procedure along with its compilation, debugging and execution with the output. Keeping in mind the learner’s sentiments and requirements, the exemplary programs are narrated with a simple approach so that it can lead to creation of good programs that not only executes properly to give the output, but also enables the learners to incorporate programming skills in them. The style of writing a program using a programming language is also emphasized by introducing the inclusion of comments wherever necessary to encourage writing more readable and well commented programs. As practice makes perfect, each chapter is also enriched with practice exercise questions so as to build the confidence of writing the programs for learners. The book is a complete and all-inclusive handbook of C++ that covers all that a learner as a beginner would expect, as well as complete enough to go ahead with advanced programming. This book will provide a fundamental idea about the concepts of data structures and associated algorithms. By going through the book, the reader will be able to understand about the different types of algorithms and at which situation and what type of algorithms will be applicable.

Оглавление

Sachi Nandan Mohanty. Data Structure and Algorithms Using C++

Table of Contents

Guide

Pages

Data Structure and Algorithms Using C++ A Practical Implementation

Preface

1. Introduction to Data Structure. 1.1 Definition and Use of Data Structure

1.2 Types of Data Structure

1.3 Algorithm

1.4 Complexity of an Algorithm

1.5 Efficiency of an Algorithm

1.6 Asymptotic Notations

1.7 How to Determine Complexities

1.8 Questions

2. Review of Concepts of ‘C++’ 2.1 Array

2.1.1 One-Dimensional Array

2.1.2 Multi-Dimensional Array

2.1.3 String Handling

2.2 Function

2.2.1 User Defined Functions

2.2.2 Construction of a Function

2.2.3 Actual Argument and Formal Argument

2.2.4 Call by Value and Call by Reference

2.2.5 Default Values for Parameters

2.2.6 Storage Class Specifiers

2.3 Pointer

2.3.1 Declaration of a Pointer

2.3.2 Initialization of a Pointer

2.3.3 Arithmetic With Pointer

2.3.4 Passing of a Pointer to Function

2.3.5 Returning of a Pointer by Function

2.3.6 C++ Null Pointer

2.4 Structure

2.4.1 The typedef Keyword

2.5 Questions

3. Sparse Matrix. 3.1 What is Sparse Matrix

3.2 Sparse Matrix Representations

3.3 Algorithm to Represent the Sparse Matrix

3.4 Programs Related to Sparse Matrix

3.5 Why to Use Sparse Matrix Instead of Simple Matrix?

3.6 Drawbacks of Sparse Matrix

3.7 Sparse Matrix and Machine Learning

3.8 Questions

4. Concepts of Class. 4.1 Introduction to CLASS

4.2 Access Specifiers in C++

4.3 Declaration of Class

4.4 Some Manipulator Used In C++

4.5 Defining the Member Functions Outside of the Class

4.6 Array of Objects

4.7 Pointer to Object

4.8 Inline Member Function

4.9 Friend Function

4.9.1 Simple Friend Function

4.9.2 Friend With Inline Substitution

4.9.3 Granting Friendship to Another Class (Friend Class)

4.9.4 More Than One Class Having the Same Friend Function

4.10 Static Data Member and Member Functions

4.11 Constructor and Destructor. 4.11.1 Constructor

4.11.1.1 Empty Constructor

4.11.1.2 Default Constructor

4.11.1.3 Parameterized Constructors

4.11.1.4 Copy Constructor

4.11.2 Destructor

4.12 Dynamic Memory Allocation

4.13 This Pointer

4.14 Class Within Class

4.15 Questions

5. Stack. 5.1 STACK

5.2 Operations Performed With STACK

5.3 ALGORITHMS

5.4 Applications of STACK

5.5 Programming Implementations of STACK

5.6 Questions

6. Queue. 6.1 Queue

6.2 Types of Queue

6.3 Linear Queue OVERFLOW

6.4 Circular Queue

6.5 Double Ended Queue

6.6 Priority Queue

6.7 Programs

6.8 Questions

7. Linked List

7.1 Why Use Linked List?

7.2 Types of Link List

7.3 Single Link List

7.4 Programs Related to Single Linked List. 7.4.1 /* Creation of a Linked List */

7.4.2 /* Insert a Node Into a Simple Linked List at the Beginning */

7.4.3 /* Insert a Node Into a Simple Linked List at the End of the List */

7.4.4 /* Insert a Node Into a Simple Linked List When the Node Is Known */

7.4.5 /* Insert a Node Into a Simple Linked List Information Is Known and Put After Some Specified Node */

7.4.6 /* Deleting the First Node From a Simple Linked List */

7.4.7 /* Deleting the Last Node From a Simple Linked List */

7.4.8 /* Deleting a Node From a Simple Linked List When Node Number Is Known */

7.4.9 Deleting a Node From a Simple Linked List When Information of a Node Is Given

7.4.10 /* SEARCH A NODE INTO A SIMPLE LINKED LIST WITH INFORMATION IS KNOWN */

7.4.11 /* Sorting a Linked List in Ascending Order */

7.4.12 /* Reversing a Linked List */

7.4.13 Program for Student Data Using Linked List

7.5 Double Link List

7.6 Programs on Double Linked List. 7.6.1 /* Creation of Double Linked List */

7.6.2 /* Inserting First Node in the Doubly Linked List */

7.6.3 /*Inserting a Node in the Doubly Linked List When Node Number Is Known*/

7.6.4 /*Inserting a Node in the Doubly Linked List When Information Is Known*/

7.6.5 /* Delete First Node From a Double Linked List */

7.6.6 /*Delete the Last Node From the Double Linked List*/

7.7 Header Linked List

7.7.1 /* Inserting a Node Into a Header Linked List */

7.8 Circular Linked List

7.9 Application of Linked List

7.9.1 Addition of Two Polynomial

7.9.2 /* Polynomial With Help of Linked List */

7.9.3 Program for Linked Queue

7.9.4 Program for Linked Stack

7.10 Garbage Collection and Compaction

7.11 Questions

8. TREE

8.1 Tree Terminologies

8.2 Binary Tree

8.3 Representation of Binary Tree

8.3.1 Array Representation of a Tree

8.3.2 Linked List Representation of a Tree

8.4 Operations Performed With the Binary Tree

8.4.1 /*Creation of a Tree*/

8.5 Traversing With Tree

8.5.1 /* Binary Tree Traversal */

8.6 Conversion of a Tree From Inorder and Preorder

8.7 Types of Binary Tree

8.8 Expression Tree

8.9 Binary Search Tree

8.10 Height Balanced Tree (AVL Tree)

8.11 Threaded Binary Tree

8.12 Heap Tree

8.13 Huffman Tree

8.14 Decision Tree

8.15 B-Tree

8.16 B + Tree

8.17 General Tree

8.18 Red–Black Tree

8.19 Questions

9. Graph

9.1 Graph Terminologies DIRECTED GRAPH

9.2 Representation of Graph

9.3 Traversal of Graph

9.3.1 Breadth First Search (BFS)

9.3.2 Depth First Search

9.4 Spanning Tree

9.4.1 Kruskal Algorithm

9.4.2 Prim’s Algorithm

9.5 Single Source Shortest Path

9.5.1 Bellman–Ford Algorithm

9.5.2 Dijkstra’s Algorithm

9.6 All Pair Shortest Path

9.7 Topological Sorting

9.8 Questions

10. Searching and Sorting

10.1 Linear Search

10.2 Binary Search

10.3 Bubble Sort

10.4 Selection Sort

10.5 Insertion Sort

10.6 Merge Sort

10.7 Quick Sort

10.8 Radix Sort

10.9 Heap Sort

10.10 Questions

11. Hashing

11.1 Hash Functions

11.2 Collisions

11.3 Collision Resolution Methods Linear Probing

11.4 Clustering

11.5 Questions

Index

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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This notation bounds the function to within constant factors. We say f(n) = θg(n) if there exists +ve constants n0, C1 and C2 such that to the right of n0 the value of f(n) always lies between c1g(n) and c2(g(n)) inclusive.

Little Oh Notation (o)

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