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Sharon Perkins. Vaccines For Dummies
Vaccines For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Vaccines For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Getting Started with Vaccine Basics
Focusing on Vaccine Fundamentals
Realizing the Crucial Role of Vaccines
Explaining How a Vaccine Works
Distinguishing between antigens and antibodies
Breaking down other vaccine ingredients
Comparing Viruses, Bacteria, and Toxins
Studying COVID-19 Vaccine Development
WHY LAST YEAR’S FLU VACCINE WON’T WORK THIS YEAR
Understanding the Importance of Vaccine Schedules
Preparing for Potential Vaccine Side Effects
Optimizing Your Immune Response
The (Non) Life of a Virus
Looking Inside Your Average Virus
Investigating Influenza Viruses
Type A
Battling bird flu
Suffering from swine flu
Type B
Type C
Type D
Examining Enteroviruses (Including Rhinoviruses)
Knowing About Norovirus
Understanding HIV
Trying to Say Goodbye to Measles
Checking Out the Cause of Chicken Pox: Varicella
Fighting Ebola
Surveying Variola (Smallpox)
The Crowned Virus: Coronavirus
Identifying the Coronavirus in Humans
NAMING THE COLD AND OTHER VIRUSES
Combatting the Common Cold Coronavirus
What is a cold, exactly?
What causes a cold?
When is a cold not a cold?
Recognizing RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
Fighting the flu
Hearing about whooping cough
Suffering through strep throat
Warding off superinfections
USING THE COMMON COLD AS A CANCER CURE
Surveying SARS and MERS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
COVID-19: The Novel (and Specially Confounding) Coronavirus
Reviewing the start of the pandemic
Charting the course of the infection
Initial symptoms
Risks for hospitalization
Long COVID
Detecting a COVID-19 infection
Going through testing
Recognizing variants
Digging into the development of COVID-19 vaccines
Dealing with vaccine side effects
Aiming for herd immunity
Keeping safe from COVID-19 if you’re not yet protected by vaccination
Coping with COVID-19 and flu season
Bacterial Bad Guys
Understanding What Makes Bacteria Different from Viruses
Digging into Vaccines That Defuse Bacteria
The make-up of vaccines that protect against bacterial toxins
The bacterial illnesses that vaccines prevent
Anthrax
Cholera
Diphtheria
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Meningococcus
Pertussis
Pneumococcus
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Typhoid
Comparing Antibiotics and Vaccines
Seeing How Vaccines Help Prevent Antibiotic Resistance
Verifying Valuable Vaccines
Distinguishing and Testing Different Vaccines
Getting to Know the Different Types of Vaccines
Whole-pathogen vaccines
Looking at live vaccines
Investigating inactivated vaccines
Subunit vaccines
Toxoid vaccines
Nucleic acid vaccines
Viral vector vaccines
Testing Vaccines for Safety and Effectiveness
Determining the need and costs: The preclinical stage
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Post–Phase III
Studying the Efficacy of Vaccines
Measuring efficacy versus effectiveness
Rounding up herd immunity
Tracing the History of Various Vaccines
Smallpox
Typhoid fever
Yellow fever
Influenza
Polio
Anthrax
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
Varicella (chicken pox)
Tracking the Current List of Effective Vaccines
Chicken Pox (Varicella)
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib)
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Influenza (Flu)
NAMING EACH YEAR’S FLU
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV)
Meningococcal Vaccines
Pneumococcal Vaccines
For adults
For children
Rotavirus
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
SAYING GOODBYE TO THE SMALLPOX VACCINE
What to Expect When You’re Vaccinating
Understanding Side Effects: What May Cause Them and What Happens
Looking at common vaccine ingredients
Antigens and antigen reactions
Adjuvants
THE ALUMINUM AND THIMEROSAL ADDITIVES
Preservatives
Stabilizers
Production materials
Distinguishing vaccine delivery methods
Watching for localized skin reactions
Injection pain
Itching
Hives
Rash
Redness at the site
Swelling at the site
Expecting a systemic immune response
Checking for fever
Having a headache
Waking up achy
Feeling fatigued
Having gastrointestinal issues
Getting lightheaded or passing out
Recognizing and Treating Serious Reactions
REPORTING VACCINE SIDE EFFECTS
Avoiding allergic reactions
Anaphylactic reactions
Febrile seizures after childhood vaccinations
Guillain-Barré syndrome
SIDS AND VACCINES: NO CONNECTION EXISTS
Thrombocytopenia
Looking at Multiple Vaccines and the Immune System
Scheduling Safety
Vaccines for Children
Understanding Mom-to-Baby Immunity
Breastfeeding benefits
Antibodies passed on during pregnancy
Getting a Reminder of the Effectiveness and Importance of Vaccinations
Focusing on Vaccinations in the First Year of Life
Hepatitis B
Rotavirus
DTaP (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis)
Hib
IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
THE SHOT-TO-SUGAR-TO-SHOT HISTORY OF THE POLIO VACCINES
Influenza
PCV13
Knowing New Vaccinations for Toddlers
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Who shouldn’t get the MMR vaccine as a toddler
Varicella or MMRV
Hepatitis A
Surveying a Few Vaccines for Ages 4 to 6
Adding Some School-Age Vaccinations
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY)
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap)
Needing a Booster: Vaccines for Teens
Catching Up on Childhood Vaccines
Spreading vaccines out
Starting vaccines late
Adopting a child from another country
Checking Out Vaccine Schedules Around the World
Vaccines for Adults
Vaccines When You’re 19–26 Years Old
Your yearly flu shot
The COVID-19 vaccine
A Tdap or Td booster
Vaccines When You’re 27–49 Years Old
Vaccines When You’re 50–64 Years Old
Vaccines When You’re 65-Plus Years Old
Influenza
Knowing the risks
Timing your flu shot
Comparing vaccines for flu over 65
Taking antiviral drugs
Tdap
Pneumococcal vaccines
Vaccines Before and During Pregnancy
Vaccines for Travelers
Making sure you’re up to date on routine vaccines
Getting other vaccines depending on your destination
Catching Up: If Your Parents/Guardians Didn’t Vaccinate You
Spelling Out Who May Face Risks
Knowing When to Avoid or Limit Vaccines
Considering vaccines and cancer
Gauging general vaccine timing
Regarding specific vaccine types
Vaccines and immune disorders
Vaccines after organ transplantation
Understanding Vaccines and Allergies
Allergies to vaccine ingredients and components
Antibiotics
Adjuvants, preservatives, and stabilizers
Egg allergies
Latex allergies
Different types of reactions
Recognizing reactions that actually aren’t allergies
Taking precautions before vaccination
Assessing Reactions to the COVID-19 Vaccine
Rare cases of anaphylaxis
Other types of reactions
Inspecting ingredients found in current COVID-19 vaccines
Getting the COVID-19 vaccine after you’ve had COVID-19
Anti-Vaxxers and Debunking Myths About Vaccines
Studying the Rise of Vaccine Hesitancy
Understanding why some people don’t vaccinate
THE UKRAINIAN MEASLES ISSUE
Looking at the early anti-vaxxers
Debunking Common Vaccine Myths
Myth: Diseases were disappearing before vaccines were invented
Myth: Vaccines cause serious side effects, illnesses, and death
Myth: Kids don’t need to be vaccinated so young
THE FIRST POLIO VACCINE AND THE CUTTER INCIDENT
THE NATIONAL VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM AND A NEW POLIO VACCINE
Myth: Kids don’t need to be vaccinated when illnesses don’t exist in their country
Myth: Giving multiple vaccines at the same time overloads the immune system
Myth: Vaccines can cause the disease they are supposed to prevent
Myth: Not getting vaccinated affects only me
Myth: Natural immunity is always best
Myth: The MMR vaccine causes autism
Myth: Vaccines contain harmful chemicals
Reviewing Vaccine Recalls
THE SWINE FLU VACCINE ROLLOUTS
The Part of Tens
Five People Who Created Ten (Or More) Modern Vaccines
Edward Jenner: Snuffing Out Smallpox
Louis Pasteur: Ridding the World of Rabies
Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin: Putting Polio Behind Us
Maurice Hilleman: The Master of Modern Vaccines
Ten Diseases Without Vaccines, from A to Z
Avian Influenzas (Bird Flu)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Hepatitis C
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 and 2
HIV/AIDS
Lyme Disease
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
West Nile Virus
Zika Virus
The Ten Most Lethal Major Pandemics
Antonine Plague (165–180)
Plague of Justinian (541–750)
Bubonic Plague (Black Death) (1346–1353)
Cholera (1846–1860)
Third Plague Pandemic (1855–1960)
Influenza (Russian Flu) (1889–1890)
Influenza (Spanish Flu) (1918–1919)
Influenza (Asian Flu) (1957–1958)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981–Present)
COVID-19 (2020–Present)
Ten Ways to Boost Your Immune System
Getting Your Vaccinations
Decreasing Stress
Eating Well
Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Getting Enough Sleep
Exercising for Immunity
Saying No to Smoking
Drinking Only in Moderation
Staying Connected
Considering Supplements
Index. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
V
W
Y
Z
About the Authors
Dedication
Authors’ Acknowledgments
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
