Vanishing Landmarks
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Оглавление
Shaw Leslie Mortier. Vanishing Landmarks
IN JUSTIFICATION
CHAPTER I. REPUBLIC VERSUS DEMOCRACY
EQUALITY
CHAPTER II. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
THE FATHERS CONSULTED HISTORY
CONFIDENCE IN THE PEOPLE JUSTIFIED
CHAPTER III. STATESMEN MUST FIRST BE BORN AND THEN MADE
INTEGRITY VERSUS WISDOM
CHAPTER IV. EXPECTATIONS REALIZED
CHAPTER V. INDEPENDENCE OF THE REPRESENTATIVE
HOW WOULD YOU BUILD A SUBMARINE?
CHAPTER VI. TREND OF THE TIMES
CHAPTER VII. CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY
TREASON AS AN ILLUSTRATION
SOVIET RUSSIA AND AMERICAN REVOLUTION
PLATO’S DREAM
CHAPTER VIII. WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION?
WHO IS AN AMERICAN?
AN ACTUAL MENACE
OFFICIAL TIMIDITY AND ITS EFFECTS
PART SECOND. DANGERS FROM CHANGES IN OUR PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER IX. PRELIMINARY
CHAPTER X. NO COMPETITION BETWEEN THE SEXES
CHAPTER XI. PURPOSES AND POLICIES OF GOVERNMENT
RELATIVE REWARDS OF CAPITAL AND LABOR
CHAPTER XII. THE RESULT OF THIS POLICY
ANOTHER ILLUSTRATION
WHAT BECOMES OF WAGES?
A SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT
CHAPTER XIII. ALL DEPENDENT UPON THE PAYROLL
ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY
CHAPTER XIV. AMERICAN FORTUNES NOT LARGE, CONSIDERING
A PARABLE
CHAPTER XV. POPULAR DISSATISFACTION
WHILE STATESMEN SLEEP THE EVIL ONE SOWS TARES
CHAPTER XVI. GREED AND ITS PUNISHMENT
PUNISHMENT A MEANS, NOT AN END
CHAPTER XVII. OBSTRUCTIVE LEGISLATION
BECAUSE ONE HORSE KICKS SHALL WE HAMSTRING THE WHOLE DROVE?
CHAPTER XVIII. THE INEVITABLE RESULT
WILL WE EVER BUILD MORE ROADS?
THE OLD WAY
PIONEER CAPITAL
CHAPTER XIX. UNEARNED INCREMENT
SOME CONCRETE CASES
CHAPTER XX. BUSINESS PHILOSOPHIES
ILLUSTRATIVE INSTANCES
SUPPOSE A CASE
A WORD OF ADVICE
CHAPTER XXI. THE GOVERNMENT’S HANDICAP
A SELF-EVIDENT FACT
TWO ARMY INCIDENTS
CHAPTER XXII. THE POST OFFICE
RIVERS AND HARBORS
CHAPTER XXIII. CIVIL SERVICE
DIPLOMATIC SERVICE
CHAPTER XXIV. CIVIL SERVICE RETIREMENT
CHAPTER XXV. PROPERTY BY COMMON CONSENT
CONSENT WITHDRAWN
CHAPTER XXVI. EQUALITY OF INCOME
CHAPTER XXVII. AN HISTORICAL WARNING
CHAPTER XXVIII. CAPITAL AND LABOR
IS THE SITUATION HOPELESS?
CHAPTER XXIX. CAN THE CRISIS BE AVERTED?
LEGISLATION OFFERS NO REMEDY
A DIAGNOSIS
CHAPTER XXX. INDUSTRIAL REPUBLICS
CONCLUSION
APPENDIX A. UNSKILLED LABORERS
REQUIREMENTS FOR MALE UNSKILLED LABORERS
APPENDIX B. TEA EXAMINER
APPENDIX C. TOBACCO EXAMINER
APPENDIX D
SECOND LETTER
FIRST LETTER FROM THE COMMISSION
REPLY TO FOREGOING
LETTER FROM THE COMMISSION
COMMISSION’S REJOINDER DATED DEC. 20, 1905
Отрывок из книги
The Fathers created a republic and not a democracy. Before you dismiss the thought, examine your dictionaries again and settle once and forever that a republic is a government where the sovereignty resides in the citizens, and is exercised through representatives chosen by the citizens; while a democracy is a government where the sovereignty also resides in the citizens but is exercised directly, without the intervention of representatives.
Franklin Henry Giddings, Professor of Sociology of Columbia University, differentiates between democracy as a form of government, democracy as a form of the state, and democracy as a form of society. He says: “Democracy as a form of government is the actual decision of every question of legal and executive detail, no less than of every question of right and policy, by a direct popular vote.” He also says: “Democracy as a form of the state is popular sovereignty. The state is democratic when all its people, without distinction of birth, class or rank, participate in the making of legal authority. Society is democratic only when all people, without distinction of rank or class, participate in the making of public opinion and of moral authority.”
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Political parties usually omit from their platforms the details of legislation. The only exception that occurs to me was when every detail of a financial policy was incorporated in the platform submitted for ratification. The coinage was to be “free,” it was to be “unlimited,” and at the “ratio of 16 to 1.” If the people had approved this at the polls their representatives would have had no discretion. There would have been no room for compromise. While the people are presumably competent to choose between policies recommended in the platforms of political parties, it is a far stretch of the imagination to suppose that the average citizen is better prepared to determine the details of a policy than the man he selects to represent him in the halls of Congress. The congressman who concedes that his average constituent is better prepared to pass upon a proposition than he is necessarily admits in the same breath that his district committed a serious blunder in sending him. It ought to have selected a man at least of average intelligence.
But, suppose the people should build such a craft on the principle of a democracy, each one doing what seemed to him wise, without dishonesty or graft. I have no question but that a submarine would be produced that would “sub,” and I am equally certain that it would stay “subbed.”
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