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Shlomo Sand. The Invention of the Jewish People
The Invention of the. Jewish People
Contents
Preface to the English-Language Edition
Introduction: Burdens of Memory
IDENTITY IN MOVEMENT
CONSTRUCTED MEMORIES
CHAPTER ONE. Making Nations: Sovereignty and Equality
LEXICON: “PEOPLE” AND ETHNOS
THE NATION: BOUNDARIES AND DEFINITIONS
FROM IDEOLOGY TO IDENTITY
FROM ETHNIC MYTH TO CIVIL IMAGINARY
THE INTELLECTUAL AS THE NATION’S “PRINCE”
CHAPTER TWO. Mythistory: In the Beginning, God Created the People
THE EARLY SHAPING OF JEWISH HISTORY
THE OLD TESTAMENT AS MYTHISTORY
RACE AND NATION
A HISTORIANS’ DISPUTE
A PROTONATIONALIST VIEW FROM THE EAST
AN ETHNICIST STAGE IN THE WEST
THE FIRST STEPS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY IN ZION
POLITICS AND ARCHAEOLOGY
THE EARTH REBELS AGAINST MYTHISTORY
THE BIBLE AS METAPHOR
CHAPTER THREE. The Invention of the Exile: Proselytism and Conversion
THE “PEOPLE” EXILED IN 70 CE
EXILE WITHOUT EXPULSION—HISTORY IN THE TWILIGHT ZONE
AGAINST ITS WILL, THE PEOPLE EMIGRATE FROM THE HOMELAND
“ALL NATIONS SHALL FLOW UNTO IT”
THE HASMONEANS IMPOSE JUDAISM ON THEIR NEIGHBORS
FROM THE HELLENISTIC SPHERE TO MESOPOTAMIAN TERRITORY
JUDAIZING IN THE SHADOW OF ROME
HOW RABBINICAL JUDAISM VIEWED PROSELYTIZING
THE SAD FATE OF THE JUDEANS
REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING THE “PEOPLE OF THE LAND”
CHAPTER FOUR. Realms of Silence: In Search of Lost (Jewish) Time
ARABIA FELIX—THE PROSELYTIZED KINGDOM OF HIMYAR
PHOENICIANS AND BERBERS: THE MYSTERIOUS QUEEN KAHINA
JEWISH KAGANS? A STRANGE EMPIRE RISES IN THE EAST
KHAZARS AND JUDAISM: A LONG LOVE AFFAIR?
MODERN RESEARCH EXPLORES THE KHAZAR PAST
THE ENIGMA: THE ORIGIN OF EASTERN EUROPE’S JEWS
CHAPTER FIVE. The Distinction: Identity Politics in Israel
ZIONISM AND HEREDITY
THE SCIENTIFIC PUPPET AND THE RACIST HUNCHBACK
FOUNDING AN ETHNOS STATE
“JEWISH AND DEMOCRATIC”—AN OXYMORON?
ETHNOCRACY IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION
Afterword: A People without a Land, a Land without a People? Some Replies to My Critics
“THE JEWS HAVE ALWAYS EXISTED AS A PEOPLE”
EXILE AND HISTORICAL MEMORY
ARE THE PALESTINIANS THE DESCENDANTS OF THE ANCIENT JEWS?
THE LAST RESORT: A JEWISH DNA
CONVERTS, KHAZARS AND HISTORIANS
DENYING THE EXISTENCE OF AN ISRAELI PEOPLE
ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL
Acknowledgments
Index
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Praise for The Invention of the Jewish People
“Zionism’s quest for a historical homeland is brilliantly excavated by Shlomo Sand in his recent The Invention of the Jewish People.”
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Every history contains myths, but those that lurk within national historiography are especially brazen. The histories of peoples and nations have been designed like the statues in city squares—they must be grand, towering, heroic. Until the final quarter of the twentieth century, reading a national history was like reading the sports page in the local paper: “Us” and “All the Others” was the usual, almost the natural, division. For more than a century, the production of Us was the life’s work of the national historians and archaeologists, the authoritative priesthood of memory.
Prior to the national branching-out in Europe, many people believed they were descended from the ancient Trojans. This mythology was scientifically adjusted at the end of the eighteenth century. Influenced by the imaginative work of professional students of the past—both Greeks and other Europeans—the inhabitants of modern Greece saw themselves as the biological descendants of Socrates and Alexander the Great or, alternatively, as the direct heirs of the Byzantine Empire. Since the end of the nineteenth century, influential textbooks have transformed the ancient Romans into typical Italians. In the schools of the French Third Republic, Gallic tribes who rebelled against Rome in the time of Julius Caesar were described as true Frenchmen (though of a not-quite-Latin temperament). Other historians chose King Clovis’s conversion to Christianity in the fifth century as the true birth of the almost eternal French nation.
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